This book investigates the relationship between liberal democracies and ontology, that is, philosophical claims about the constitution of agents and the social world. Many philosophers argue that ontology needs to be avoided in political and legal philosophy. In fact, political liberalism, a highly influential paradigm founded by the philosopher John Rawls, makes the avoidance of ontology a core ambition of its 'political, non-metaphysical' programme. In contrast to political liberalism, this book argues that attending to ontological disputes is essential to political and legal philosophy. Illuminating, criticising and developing ontological arguments does not only enhance our understanding of justice, but also highlights key features of democratic citizenship. The argument is built up by bringing together three traditions of thought that have so far not been confronted with one another: political liberalism, the work of Michel Foucault, and the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud and Donald Winnicott. The book also investigates more concrete implications of ontological disputes by drawing on several case studies: a Dutch political-legal debate about greeting rituals; an American conflict about the legalisation of religious freedom; and the struggles for resilience of two American social movement groups.
This book investigates the relationship between liberal democracies and ontology, that is, philosophical claims about the constitution of agents and the social world. Many philosophers argue that ontology needs to be avoided in political and legal philosophy. In fact, political liberalism, a highly influential paradigm founded by the philosopher John Rawls, makes the avoidance of ontology a core ambition of its 'political, non-metaphysical' programme. In contrast to political liberalism, this book argues that attending to ontological disputes is essential to political and legal philosophy. Illuminating, criticising and developing ontological arguments does not only enhance our understanding of justice, but also highlights key features of democratic citizenship. The argument is built up by bringing together three traditions of thought that have so far not been confronted with one another: political liberalism, the work of Michel Foucault, and the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud and Donald Winnicott. The book also investigates more concrete implications of ontological disputes by drawing on several case studies: a Dutch political-legal debate about greeting rituals; an American conflict about the legalisation of religious freedom; and the struggles for resilience of two American social movement groups.
This publication examines two aspects of the working population in Europe: older workers in the labour market and retirement policies throughout Europe; and the need to reconcile working life, family life and gender aspects of the balance between paid employment and unpaid work taking care of the family.
Properties, sources of formation, reactions, and detection of oxygen species form the first part of this volume. Biochemical, toxicological and environmental aspects are dealt with in detail in the following chapters. This information provides the basis for a state-of-the-art understanding of the role of oxygen species in environmental pollution and as a health hazard.
The book presents an original, interdisciplinary analysis of religious and mythological perspectives in fiction published in the Soviet Union between the mid-1960s and the mid-1980s. In doing so, it points to ways in which anthropological theory can be used as a framework for literary criticism. It also shows how, in the two decades before perestroika, religion and mythology served as alternative models for the intellectual and political reorientation of Soviet society. Selected works are explored with reference to a formative debate in anthropological studies on the nature and development of religion, based on Edward B. Tylor's theory of 'animism' and Emile Durkheim's theory of 'totemism'. It is shown how the animist/totemist dichotomy highlighted by the controversy is reflected in Russian religious thought before 1917 and, particularly, in the literature of the Soviet era. Within the framework of this debate, a selection of novels is discussed in the light of a range of mythological and religious systems. Attention is drawn to the connection between Valentin Rasputin's religious vision and traditional Siberian beliefs, particularly those of the Buryat. The Georgian novel Data Tutashkia, by Chabua Amiredzhibi, is analysed with reference to Zoroastrian thought. Daniil Granin 's Kartina ('The Picture') serves as an example of a work where, in accordance with Tylor's theory, notions of art and beauty take on an animist quality. It is argued that early fiction by Chingiz Aitmatov reveals a tension between animist perceptions and the totemic understanding of religion, and mirrors aspects of pre-Islamic, Central Asian religious tradition. The writing of Vladimir Tendriakov offers an example of a vision divided between an awareness of Christian dilemmas and loyalty to Marxist-Leninist sociological models. The study also shows how Durkheim's theory of religion as an expression of a group's awareness of its identity can be related to ideas put forward by Russian nationalist writers: Iurii Bondarev, Sergei Alekseev and Vasilii Belov. It suggests that examples of fiction by Petr Proskurin, and later works by Chingiz Aitmatov and Vladimir Tendriakov, indicate revived interest in the God-building theory of Maksim Gor'kii and Anatolii Lunacharskii. In conclusion, the book argues that subtextual religious and mythological narratives in Soviet fiction published in the years between the fall of Khrushchev and the Millenium of Christianity in Rus', provided a model for new literary discourse under perestroika and for subsequent political transformations.
This open-access textbook is an excellent introduction to systems biology, which has developed rapidly in recent years. It discusses the processes in living organisms in an integrated way, enabling the reader to understand the fundamental principles and cause-effect relationships in biology and biochemistry. The authors have chosen an original but at the same time clear way of presenting the topics, repeatedly drawing comparisons and models from the macroscopic world and making the reader aware of the unity of the laws of physics, chemistry and biology. The fully updated 2nd edition also contains information that has only become available as a result of the increase in knowledge in recent years. This includes information on tumorigenesis, where significant progress has been made due to the explosive development of genetic knowledge as well as bioengineering with a highly effective technique adopted from the solutions of the bacterial world, such as CRISPR/CAS. This richly illustrated book is essential for postgraduate students and scientists of the following disciplines: biology, biotechnology, medicine, bioinformatics, robotics and automation, biocybernetics, and biomedical engineering. It is also an exciting read for anyone interested in biology.
Explore the fascinating interplay between chemical elements and biological life with Biological and Medical Significance of Chemical Elements. This comprehensive handbook delves into the pivotal role that various chemical elements from the periodic table play in the intricate web of life processes. Discover how these elements impact human health, influence drug development, and contribute to essential biological pathways. Key Features: - Provides information on the occurrence and classification of chemical elements in nature - Explains the biological functions of elements from different main groups (including s-, p-, d- and f-block elements) - Includes information about the biomedical significance of platinum metals, lanthanides, and actinides - Includes a list of references for further reading This book serves as an indispensable resource for anyone interested in the medical biochemistry of chemical elements
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