The Khōjā of Tanzania: Discontinuities of a Postcolonial Religious Identity attempts to reconstruct the development of Khōjā religious identity from their arrival to the Swahili coast in the late 18th century until the turn of the 21st century. This multidisciplinary study incorporates Gujarati, Kacchī, Swahili, and Arabic sources to examine the formation of an Afro-Asian Islamic identity (jamatī) from their initial Indic caste identity (jñāti) towards an emergent Near Eastern imaged Islamic nation (ummatī) through four disciplinary approaches: historiography, politics, linguistics, and ethnology. Over the past two centuries, rapid transitions and discontinuities have produced the profound tensions which have resulted from the willful amnesia of their pre-Islamic Indic civilizational past for an ideological and politicized ‘Islamic’ present. This study aims to document, theorize, and engage this theological transformation of modern Khōjā religious identities as expressed through dimensions of power, language, space, and the body.
As made abundantly clear in the classified documents recently made public by WikiLeaks, Pakistan is the keystone in the international fight against terrorism today. After the US-led coalition targeted terrorist groups operating in Afghanistan, these groups, including al Qaeda and the Taliban, relocated to the Federally Administered Tribal Area of Pakistan. From its base in this remote, inhospitable region of Pakistan, al Qaeda and its associated cells have planned, prepared, and executed numerous terrorist attacks around the world, in addition to supporting and waging insurgencies in Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Somalia, and elsewhere. This book is the first detailed analysis of the myriad insurgent groups working in Pakistan. Written by well-known expert on global terrorism Rohan Gunaratna and Khuram Iqbal, a leading scholar in Pakistan, the book examines and reviews the nature, structure, and agendas of the groups, their links to activists in other countries, such as India and Iran, and the difficulties of defeating terrorism in this part of the world. Drawing on extensive field research and interviews with government officials and former terrorists, the authors argue that Pakistan faces grave and continuing pressures from within, and that without steadfast international goodwill and support, the threats of extremism, terrorism, and insurgency will continue to grow. This timely and necessary book argues that if the international community is to win the battle against ideological extremism and operational terrorism around the world, then Pakistan should be in the vanguard of the fight.
The accession of Kashmir to the Indian Union in 1947 had raised objections both in Kashmir and India, echoes of which continue to be heard even today. At the time, Sheikh Abdullah was the uncrowned king of Kashmir; today, his grave is under security lest it be vandalized. What accounts for this change in attitude?A Desolation Called Peace provides important insights to understand the political aspirations of the people of Kashmir and the change in their perceptions since Independence. Written and edited by Kashmiri authors, this collection of ethnographic essays explores the desire for 'azadi' as a historical and indigenous demand. While the accounts traverse the period from before 1947 to the momentous time of 1989 when militancy began, the essays illustrate how postcolonial politics has impinged on Kashmiri lives and aspirations, thus paving the way for the intractable dispute of today. This anthology of deeply felt essays will enable an understanding of Kashmir beyond the hackneyed tropes that portray the issue reductively as a proxy war, terrorism or a simple law and order situation.
REED GRASS is an account of a young destitute boy, born in a small village in British India. In an engaging and powerful narration, the author walks you through bridle-paths of farmland, narrow lanes of villages, country markets of peasants and into the life of village folk ridden with deprivation, grief and joy. He leads you through towns and cities, casting a lingering spell, as the young boy grows into a man, braving the drudgeries of his life. He experiences the travails of independence, heat of the Partition of India, and grows old, pursuing his aspirations only to discover that the erosion of human values and decay in mutual relationships, over time, has gripped the nation. It touches a new low in his own family of four sons and two daughters. Reed Grass, a deeply moving saga of a Muslim family peopled with unforgettable characters, set in pre and post independent India will linger with you long after you have turned the last page. Haris Zaman Convener - INTACH
When and why did Pakistani prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto decide to build a nuclear weapon? Did he mandate Agha Hassan Abedi to launch the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) to fund Pakistan's nuclear programme? Why did the BCCI become privileged bankers to Pablo Escobar's Medellin Cartel, General Manuel Noriega of Panama and Pakistani president General Zia-ul-Haq? Was George H.W. Bush embarrassed by his ties to General Noriega, General Zia-ul-Haq and the BCCI when he decided to run for presidency in 1988? Did Pervez Musharraf, as Director General of Military Operations, select Mullah Omar to head the Taliban? The Bomb, the Bank, the Mullah and the Poppies is a historical account from a forensic perspective of how the Pakistani state innovatively used a dodgy bank, poppy cultivation and trade as a means to finance its nuclear programme. It reveals the convoluted psyche of the men in charge of Pakistan who clandestinely transformed Pakistan into a state where a premium was placed on thuggery, deceit and deception. This enabled Pakistan to grow from being a US pawn in the Reagan administration's war against the erstwhile Soviet Union to a narco-nuclear state with an independent nuclear deterrent. In the process, the patrons of the Pakistani deep state enriched themselves with drug money at the expense of the citizens mired in abject poverty. This is a story of a succession of powerful men who cleverly fooled the world into believing their innocence and helplessness when in fact the opposite was true at every juncture in the history of their nation.
India and Pakistan, nuclear neighbors and rivals, fought the last of three major wars in 1971. Far from peaceful, however, the period since then has been "one long crisis, punctuated by periods of peace." The long-disputed Kashmir issue continues to be both a cause and consequence of India-Pakistan hostility. Four Crises and a Peace Process focuses on four contained conflicts on the subcontinent: the Brasstacks Crisis of 1986–1987, the Compound Crisis of 1990, the Kargil Conflict of 1999, and the Border Confrontation of 2001–2002. Authors P.R. Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, and Brookings senior fellow Stephen P. Cohen explain the underlying causes of these crises, their consequences, the lessons that can be learned, and the American role in each. The four crises are notable because any one of them could have escalated to a large-scale conflict, or even all-out war, and three took place after India and Pakistan had gone nuclear. Looking for larger trends of peace and conflict in the region, the authors consider these incidents as cases of attempted conflict resolution, as instances of limited war by nuclear-armed nations, and as examples of intervention and engagement by the United States and China. They analyze the reactions of Indian, Pakistani, and international media and assess the two countries' decision-making processes. Fo ur Crises and a Peace Process explains how these crises have affected regional and international policy and evaluates the prospects for lasting peace in South Asia.
The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, etc. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results. Anti-angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development provides is an excellent compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two recent decades. The feast of these reader-friendly reviews on topics of great scientific importance – many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, makes this book excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians. The second volume of this ebook series covers topics including: -Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma as a Model of Pathological Angiogenesis -Discovery and Development of Antiangiogenetic Drugs in Ovarian Cancer -Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases … and more.
This book is a biography, Ajit Khan. a legend of Indian cinema. He was associated with the Indian Film Industry from 1946 to 1996. He started his career with Shah-e-Misr in 1946. Beqasoor, Nastik, Anandmath and Bada Bhai were some of his hit films in the 1950s where he starred in a lead role. His role as Durjan Singh, the Rajput lord in Moghul-e-Azam, brought him many accolades. In the late sixties he switched over to negative roles. His portrayal of Teja in Zanjeer, Shakal in Yadon Ki Baraat, Lion in Kalicharan are some of his most memorable roles. His style of dialogue delivery made him a favorite amongst the film fans and used extensively by many stand-up comedians. This book also commemorates his 100th birth anniversary (2022). It is an interesting book with many nostalgic photographs and anecdotes.
This book is a comprehensive analysis of the Taliban, and how it has affected post-9/11 U.S.-Pakistan relations. It analyzes the genesis of the Taliban, the rationale behind their emergence and how they consolidated their rule in Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001. It examines the U.S. policies towards the Taliban in the post 9/11 era and Pakistan’s role as an ally in their efforts towards dismantling Taliban rule in Afghanistan—from Obama’s ‘fight and talk’ policy to the Doha peace agreement in 2020. It also discusses the outcomes of the Global War on Terror (GWoT), as well as the Taliban’s response to the U.S.-led ISAF and NATO forces in Afghanistan. The volume brings into focus Pakistan’s policies vis-à-vis the Taliban following the start of GWoT and how it pushed the U.S.-Pakistan relations to its lowest ebb; and then its role in bringing the Taliban to the negotiating table which resulted in the U.S.-Taliban deal in Doha in February 2020. The author introduces a ‘new balance of threat’ theory and expands on its applicability through the Taliban case study. The book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of U.S. foreign policy, international relations, peace and conflict studies, strategic studies, history, diplomatic studies and South Asian politics.
The principal objective of this intermediate book on Islamic finance is to address selected issues in the theory and practice of Islamic finance that typical fall beyond the contents of classic introductory text books on the subject matter. These topics are often discussed at very basic level. The list of special topics includes the stability of Islamic finance, the role of ethics, the scope of financial engineering and derivatives, the function of Islamic capital markets, as well as perspectives on Islamic structured finance, corporate finance, and financial inclusion. The book can serve as a guide to hitherto unexplored avenues of research in Islamic finance for graduate and post-graduate students. This book includes: - some reference to case studies and specific problems in the practice of Islamic finance as well as conventional finance - a list of suggested further readings per chapter - appendices that include details of advanced analysis for the purpose of simplifying the level of discussion for advanced undergraduate students - graphs, figures, tables on financial and economic data"--
The goal of an activity-directed isolation process is to isolate bioactive compounds which may provide structural leads of therapeutic importance. Whereas the traditional process of drug development is long and expensive, simple and rapid bioassays can serve as the starting point for drug discovery. This book presents a range of "bench top" bioassa
Challenges in Economic and Financial Policy Formulation provides an introductory, yet comprehensive, treatment of macroeconomic policies and their implementation in an Islamic-designed economic system.
This book explores the right to development in international law. The volume draws on a range of relevant sources to analyze the legal status of international cooperation in contemporary international law, before going on to explore the domestic application of the right to development looking at the example of Pakistan.
A multi-level analysis of Pakistani human bombs reveals that suicide terrorism is caused by multiple factors with perceived effectiveness, vengeance, poverty, and religious fundamentalism playing a varying role at the individual, organizational, and environmental levels. Nationalism and resistance to foreign occupation appear as the least relevant factors behind suicide terrorism in Pakistan. The findings of this research are based on a multi-level analysis of suicide bombings, incorporating both primary and secondary data. In this study, the author also decodes personal, demographic, economic and marital characteristics of Pakistani human bombs. On average, Pakistani suicide bombers are the youngest but the deadliest in the world, and more than 71 percent of their victims are civilians. Earlier concepts of a weak link linking terrorism with poverty and illiteracy do not hold up against the recent data gathered on the post-9/11 generation of fighters in Pakistan (in suicidal and non-suicidal categories), as the majority of fighters from a variety of terrorist organizations are economically deprived and semi-literate. The majority of Pakistani human bombs come from rural backgrounds, with very few from major urban centres. Suicide bombings in Pakistan remain a male-dominated phenomenon, with most bombers being single men. Demographic profiling of Pakistani suicide bombers, based on a random sample of 80 failed and successful attackers, dents the notion that American drone strikes play a primary role in promoting terrorism in all its manifestations. The study concludes that previous scholarly attempts to explain suicide bombings are largely based on Middle Eastern data, thus their application in the case of Pakistan can be misleading. The Pakistani case study of suicide terrorism demonstrates unique characteristics, hence it needs to be understood and countered through a context-specific and multi-level approach.
About The Book With the revival of interest in Islam in our times, the Qur’an is also being read increasingly, especially by the intellectuals: Muslims and non-Muslims alike. However, and although its message and central theme have been stated in unambiguous terms, its translation fails to impart the same meaning with the same effect. Additionally, the Qur’an deals with every subject of human concern and gives guidelines for application to life and society. This increases its scope widely, and requires on the part of the reader's knowledge of various disciplines for proper appreciation of its message. It is specially important to know how the Qur’an was understood by those who received it first: Prophet Muhammad (SAW), on whom be Allah’s peace, and his immediate followers. Second in order of interest and importance would be to know how the scholars of Islam have understood it in every age.
An exploration and selection of the poetry of one of Persia's most influential poets. From The Houri and the Poet From the spark I seek star, from the star a sun: For if I stop, I die When I get up, having quaffed A cup of wine brewed by one spring breeze, Longing for yet another spring. I seek the end of that which hs no end -- With a restless eye, with a hopeful heart. The lover's heart dies in an eternal heaven -- I it no cry of a soul in affliction no sorrow, and no one to drive away sorrow
Islamic finance is emerging as a rapidly growing part of the financial sector in the Islamic world and is not restricted to Islamic countries, but is spreading wherever there is a sizable Muslim community. According to some estimates, more than 250 financial institutions in over 45 countries practice some form of Islamic finance, and the industry has been growing at a rate of more than 15 percent annually for the past several years. The market's current annual turnover is estimated to be $70 billion, compared with a mere $5 billion in 1985, and is projected to hit the $100 billion mark by the turn of the century. Since the emergence of Islamic banks in the early 1970s, considerable research has been conducted, mainly focusing on the viability, design and operations of a deposit-accepting financial institution, which operates primarily on the basis of profit and loss partnerships rather than interest. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of topics related to the assessment, analysis, and management of various types of risks in the field of Islamic banking. It is an attempt to provide a high-level framework (aimed at non-specialist executives) attuned to the current realities of changing economies and Islamic financial markets. This approach emphasizes the accountability of key players in the corporate governance process in relation to the management of different dimensions of Islamic financial risk.
This book, a part of the series Studies in Medicinal Chemistry, details the biological inhibitors that reflect drug discovery in treating human diseases, including cardiovascular, nervous, inflammatory, hormonal and metabolic processes. Compounds for fungal diseases and HIV/AIDS are also covered.
Recent advances in Medicinal Chemistry is a book series focused on leading-edge research on developments in rational drug design, synthetic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, drug targets, and natural product research and structure-activity relationship studies. The series presents highly cited contributions first published in the impact factor journal Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. Contributors to this volume have updated their work with new experimental data and references following their initial research. Each volume highlights a number of important topics in current research in medicinal chemistry. Selected chapters in this volume include: Characterization of Inorganic Nanomaterials as Therapeutic Vehicles HPLC and its Essential Role in the Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Biological Samples Tannins and Their Influence on Health … And much more.
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930) is Muhammad Iqbal's major philosophic work: a series of profound reflections on the perennial conflict among science, religion, and philosophy, culminating in new visions of the unity of human knowledge, of the human spirit, and of God. Iqbal's thought contributed significantly to the establishment of Pakistan, to the religious and political ideals of the Iranian Revolution, and to the survival of Muslim identity in parts of the former USSR. It now serves as new bridge between East and West and between Islam and the other Religions of the Book. With a new Introduction by Javed Majeed, this edition of The Reconstruction opens the teachings of Iqbal to the modern, Western reader. It will be essential reading for all those interested in Islamic intellectual history, the renewal of Islam in the modern world, and political theory of Islam's relationship to the West.
Nutraceutical, during recent decades, has emerged as a new term in the scientific literature. Synonymously used to the term nutraceuticals in literature are dietary supplements, bioactive nutrients, functional foods, etc. This book considers how nutraceutical substances are regulated in different countries; the physiological role of dietary fibers in relation to their claimed health benefits within the scope of functional foods, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals; prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics as nutraceuticals; and the nature of a large number of phytochemicals as nutraceuticals. The book also touts fruits and vegetables as Nature’s multinutraceutical capsules, as evidenced from their beneficial health effects emerging from epidemiological studies on such diseases as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, cancer, osteoporosis, rheumatism, diverticulitis, etc. In light of this, international launching of campaigns on health benefits as “go for 2-5” daily servings of fruits and vegetables is also considered.
The first book to offer comprehensive coverage of Islamic finance and banking and its applications to the rest of the world, now fully revised and updated The ongoing international financial crisis has reignited debate over the development of a risk-sharing financial system, such as that required in Shariah Law. An Introduction to Islamic Finance: Theory and Practice, Second Edition highlights the core principles of risk sharing in Islam, arguing that a risk-sharing financial system is exactly what we need to promote greater financial stability. Providing comprehensive coverage of the fundamental theory behind Islamic finance and banking, according to the core concepts of Shariah law, authors Zamir Iqbal and Abbas Mirakhor clearly explain the distinct features of an Islamic financial system and how it compares with traditional financial models. Addressing the myriad important developments that have taken place in recent years, this second edition looks to the future, addressing emerging issues sure to influence future developments in Islamic finance. Explores the unique features of an Islamic financial system, how they compare to more traditional financial systems, and how they could improve them Discusses all the most recent developments and emerging issues in Islamic finance Updated with the latest developments, trends, innovations, and statistics, this new edition features additional chapters on the financial crisis, globalization, non-bank financial institutions, and recent developments in Takaful (Islamic insurance) The first edition of An Introduction to Islamic Finance established the book as the market leader, and this newly revised and updated second edition incorporates the most recent developments in this booming financial sector, including financial stability, globalization, and non-banking financial institutions.
Ancient therapeutic systems have played a tremendous role in health preservation all around the globe for thousands of years; even the earliest humans on earth had used these approaches along with simple surgical procedures for the betterment of their health. Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity examines various aspects of health and diseases and the importance of basic but essential factors for the preservation of health and management of diseases. Concisely written, the author discusses ancient ways to enhance self-healing abilities and stimulate the immune system such as, fasting, meditation, acupuncture, cupping therapy, balneotherapy and aromatherapy. The importance of nutrition and diet is also examined as it plays a crucial role in the prevention and causation of diseases. Additional features include: Discusses how the integration of various CAM modalities helps in enhancing self-healing abilities and boosts the human immune system. Contains various topics from different systems of medicines that are taught widely as individual courses or discussed broadly in several institutes. Reviews Eastern pharmacotherapy and how using certain herbs, minerals, and animal-based products aids in maintaining health and alleviating diseases. Using evidence-based knowledge taken from ancient literature and recently published articles, this book will inform readers on the importance of holistic health approaches and some ancient treatment modalities that enhance the immune system to combat diseases.
This book reflects upon the political philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal, a towering intellectual figure in South Asian history, revered by many for his poetry and his thought. He lived in India in the twilight years of the British Empire and, apart from a short but significant period studying in the West, he remained in Punjab until his death in 1938. The book studies Iqbal's critique of nationalist ideology and his attempts to chart a path for the development of the 'nation' by liberating it from the centralizing and homogenizing tendencies of the modern state structure. Iqbal frequently clashed with his contemporaries over his view of nationalism as 'the greatest enemy of Islam'. He constructed his own particular interpretation of Islam - forged through an interaction with Muslim thinkers and Western intellectual traditions - that was ahead of its time, and since his death both modernists and Islamists have continued to champion his legacy.
Intelligent Data-Analytics for Condition Monitoring: Smart Grid Applications looks at intelligent and meaningful uses of data required for an optimized, efficient engineering processes. In addition, the book provides application perspectives of various deep learning models for the condition monitoring of electrical equipment. With chapters discussing the fundamentals of machine learning and data analytics, the book is divided into two parts, including i) The application of intelligent data analytics in Solar PV fault diagnostics, transformer health monitoring and faults diagnostics, and induction motor faults and ii) Forecasting issues using data analytics which looks at global solar radiation forecasting, wind data forecasting, and more. This reference is useful for all engineers and researchers who need preliminary knowledge on data analytics fundamentals and the working methodologies and architecture of smart grid systems. - Features deep learning methodologies in smart grid deployment and maintenance applications - Includes coding for intelligent data analytics for each application - Covers advanced problems and solutions of smart grids using advance data analytic techniques
The largest Pakistani community in the UK is to be found in Birmingham. Muslim pupils are already the majority religious group in the local schools. Ever since the days of the Lunar Men, Birmingham has been a leader of cities. But, can it sustain this success without the active involvement of its Pakistani community? This extensively researched letter from one of its 'adopted' sons is directed at everyone who cares for the city. It catalogues the development of Pakistani-Birmingham over the past 60 years. It also draws attention to their wholesale exclusion from centres of opportunities and power across the city. Is it time for positive action strategies; even a new 'social contract' to be put in place? For the journey ahead, a route map is suggested in the form of 'Birmingham Principles
Roshan Iqbal traces the intellectual legacy of the exegesis of Qur'an 4:24, which is used as the proof text for the permissibility of mut'a (temporary marriage) and asks if the use of verse 4.24 for the permissibility of mut'a marriage is justified within the rules and regulations of Qur'anic hermeneutics. Iqbal examines seventeen Qur'an commentaries, the chronological span of which extends from the first extant commentary to the present day in three major Islamicate languages. Iqbal concludes that doctrinal self-identity, rather than strictly philological analyses, shaped the interpretation of this verse. As Western academia's first comprehensive work concerning the intellectual history of mut'a marriage and sexual ethics, this work illustrates the power of sectarian influences on how scholars have interpreted verse 4:24. This book is the only work in English that includes a plurality of voices from minor schools (Ibadi, Ashari, Zaidi, and Ismaili) largely neglected by Western scholars, alongside major schools, and draws from all available sub-genres of exegesis. Further, by revealing ambiguities in the interpretation of mut'a, this work challenges accepted sexual ethics in Islamic thought--as presented by most classical and many modern Muslim scholars--and thus opens up space to theorize Islamic sexual ethics anew and contribute to this crucial conversation from the perspective of Muslim feminism.
Each year billions of dollars’ worth of arms are procured between various nations, despite the fact that many millions of people live in desperate poverty, many will die from hunger and hunger related diseases. Weapons of increasing firepower and the missiles to deliver them accurately are becoming acquired, mainly through the Global Arms Trade. This means that we must expect wars in the world to become increasingly violent and destructive. This book focuses on what the arms trade is and its impact on the world, the wars which have resulted or were sustained by this trade. It is necessary to know which countries sell arms and which ones buy. Also it is important to have some idea of how large the trade is. The international trade in arms has considerably increased since World War 2. Major weapons (aircraft, missiles, tanks and ships) probably account for about one-half of the total trade in weapons and equipment. Many countries and their respective Military-Industrial Complex are ‘making a killing’ in the world’s largest trade in the buying and selling of military technology (weapons).
The global security challenges since World War II and thereafter (post-Cold war period) has affected many countries. This has resulted in a number of countries pursuing a nuclear weapons programme to provide them with the ultimate security – the belief that the fear of utter annihilation of their opponents would result in deterrence and eventually detente. According to Kristensen and Norris (2014), there are approximately 16,300 nuclear weapons located at some 97 sites in 14 countries. Many of these weapons are in military arsenals (roughly 10,000), with the remaining ones being in the process of retirement and awaiting dismantlement. Accordingly, 93% of the total global inventory resides in Russia and the United States of America. The remaining weapon stockpiles are in the United Kingdom (UK), France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel. This book looks at the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the double standards and hypocrisy practiced by the five declared nuclear powers. It gives a brief short history of nuclear development in the nuclear countries and the impact of nuclear war. It argues that the only way to eradicate these horrendous weapons is for the five declared nuclear powers to make immediate measures to dismantle the weapons and stockpiles of weaponised materials – as they had agreed under the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT).
British Pakistani children are the second largest ethnic group in UK schools, yet little of their education and wider needs have been researched. British Pakistani Boys, Education and the Role of Religion seeks to rectify this, by investigating the educational achievement of British Pakistani boys and the importance of education both in the Pakistani community and in the wider religion of Islam. The book draws on research undertaken by the author in three British state secondary schools, to respond to the national policy on the education of ethnic minority children. It considers the meaning of education for Pakistanis, where religion plays an integral role, the gaps in education as well as the issue of representation - in governance and in the teaching workforce. The author concludes by discussing the possibility of responsive education better meeting the needs of Pakistani children by integrating Islamic religious education and education of the world. British Pakistani Boys, Education and the Role of Religion will be vital reading for academics and both undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of Education and Sociology and specifically those studying inclusion, equality and diversity, or Asian, Muslim or Pakistani education. It would also appeal to education practitioners, policy makers and community activists.
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