This book introduces readers to the topical area of CSI: critical space infrastructure, which is defined as an emerging domain of systems-of-systems encompassing hardware, workforce, environment, facilities, business and organizational entities. Further, it includes unmanned air systems, satellites, rockets, space probes, and orbital stations, and involves multi-directional interactions essential for maintenance of vital societal functions (i.e., health, safety, economic and social well-being), the loss or disruption of which would have significant impact on virtually any nation. The topics covered include the main elements of CSI, CSI taxonomy, effects of CSI on other infrastructure systems, establishing quantitative and qualitative parameters, global and national effects of CSI failure, cascading disruptive phenomena, chilling effects in various fields, CSI protection, deliberate threats to space systems (e.g., electromagnetic pulse attacks), space governance, and a path forward for CSI research. Modern society is highly dependent on the continuous operation of critical infrastructure systems for the supply of crucial goods and services including, among others, the power supply, drinking water supply, and transportation systems; yet space systems – which are critical enablers for several commercial, scientific and military applications – are rarely discussed. This book addresses this gap.
Switching and routing are two types of procedures having the same fundamental purpose which is transferring information between different users of communication networks. But, while routing must be viewed at the overall level of the communication network, the information being exchanged between network nodes, switching refers to operations involving a single communication node, the information being transferred between its input / output access ports. It should also be noted that the routing is executed according to a routing protocol used on the network, while the switching is based on elements belonging to a single node in the network, namely its switching structure, routing table and path selection algorithm between ports.
The purpose of this book is to study comparative administrative law in the main EU states and the United States of America and Canada and then to provide proposals for the modernization of Romanian public administration in order to increase administrative convergence and to better meet the needs of citizens. In this book, the author aims to realize a dynamic approach by looking at the contemporary challenges and perspectives of the future of the contemporary administrations and on the other hand the modifications to be made at the level of the Romanian administrative law to increase the degree of convergence. The basic institutional values at European and global level (functionality, transparency, predictability, accountability, adaptability, efficiency, subsidiarity) must also be implemented within the Romanian public administration at all levels and must be protected by the public authorities empowered by the legislation in force to monitor and control this process of adaptation to the requirements of the European Administrative Space and Global Administrative Law. The book Comparative administrative law issues regarding central and local government is a very useful material for students, master students, doctoral students, teachers, researchers and practitioners in the legal and administrative sciences (advocates, solicitors, notaries, referees, judges, civil servants, officials etc.) and generally for all those interested in the administrative phenomenon.
In March 1944, I was sent back to the regiment where I had done my training, with the rank of cadet adjutant, and was assigned to the pioneer company of the regiment, as commander of the Brandt 60 mm gun platoon. Its usual mission was to supervise and guard the pioneers during mining operations, and his special mission was to guard the regimental command post. The company commander was Capt. Paduraru. I continued training instruction with the group, the regiment being reorganized to be sent to the front again. At that time, the Soviet armies had reached the Nistru river, occupying a part of northern Moldavia and Bessarabia. We were camped in Smârdan commune, a few kilometers from Calafat. From this second period of internship at the regiment, I remember several events that I will try to narrate in the following pages.
Using Cartan's differential 1-forms theory, and assuming that the motion variables depend on Euclidean invariants, certain dynamics of the material point and systems of material points are developed. Within such a frame, the Newtonian force as mass inertial interaction at the intragalactic scale, and the Hubble-type repulsive interaction at intergalactic distances, are developed.The wave-corpuscle duality implies movements on curves of constant informational energy, which implies both quantizations and dynamics of velocity limits.Analysis of motion of a charged particle in a combined field which is electromagnetic and with constant magnetism implies fractal trajectories. Mechanics of material points in a fractalic space is constructed, and various applications — fractal atom, potential well, free particle, etc. — are discussed.
Modern physics is characterized by two great theories, which make it fundamentally different from its predecessor: quantum theory and theory of relativity. In this book we want to bring to the reader's attention several solutions to problems connected to the quantum-relativistic interaction of particles. Remarkably, such solutions furnished rigorous and pertinent explanations of a large set of phenomena, both in microscopic world and galactic universe.
This book presents an exhaustive study of atomicity from a mathematics perspective in the framework of multi-valued non-additive measure theory. Applications to quantum physics and, more generally, to the fractal theory of the motion, are highlighted. The study details the atomicity problem through key concepts, such as the atom/pseudoatom, atomic/nonatomic measures, and different types of non-additive set-valued multifunctions. Additionally, applications of these concepts are brought to light in the study of the dynamics of complex systems. The first chapter prepares the basics for the next chapters. In the last chapter, applications of atomicity in quantum physics are developed and new concepts, such as the fractal atom are introduced. The mathematical perspective is presented first and the discussion moves on to connect measure theory and quantum physics through quantum measure theory. New avenues of research, such as fractal/multifractal measure theory with potential applications in life sciences, are opened.
This book provides an excellent introduction to the fundamentals of oligomer chemistry. Each section describes the synthesis, separation, physico-chemical characterization, and present and future applications of individual classes of oligomers organized according to the chemical structure of the main chain. In addition, this book features up-to-date references from both journals and patents and an extensive appendix covering synthesis and characterization methods of oligomeric derivatives. Synthesis and Characterization of Oligomers is a broad, state-of-the-art survey and will be useful not only for students and professionals working with oligomers, but also chemists who are new to the field.
This book provides a history of witchcraft in the territories that compose contemporary Romania, with a focus on the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. The first part presents aspects of earthly justice, religious and secular, analysing the codes of law, trials and verdicts, and underlining the differences between Transylvania on one hand, and Moldavia and Wallachia on the other. The second part is concerned with divine justice, describing apocalyptic texts that talk about the pains of witches in hell, but also the ensembles of religious painting where, in vast compositions of the Last Judgment, various punishments for the sin of witchcraft are imagined.
The authors consider the Schrödinger Map equation in 2+1 dimensions, with values into \mathbb{S}^2. This admits a lowest energy steady state Q, namely the stereographic projection, which extends to a two dimensional family of steady states by scaling and rotation. The authors prove that Q is unstable in the energy space \dot H^1. However, in the process of proving this they also show that within the equivariant class Q is stable in a stronger topology X \subset \dot H^1.
This book is devoted to the fundamentals of classical electrodynamics, one of the most beautiful and productive theories in physics. A general survey on the applicability of physical theories shows that only few theories can be compared to electrodynamics. Essentially, all electric and electronic devices used around the world are based on the theory of electromagnetism. It was Maxwell who created, for the first time, a unified description of the electric and magnetic phenomena in his electromagnetic field theory. Remarkably, Maxwell’s theory contained in itself also the relativistic invariance of the special relativity, a fact which was discovered only a few decades later. The present book is an outcome of the authors’ teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, astronomy, engineering, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects. We hope that the reader will not only acquire knowledge, but will also grasp the beauty of theoretical physics. A set of about 130 solved and proposed problems shall help to attain this aim.
The results presented in this book originate from the last decade research work of the author in the ?eld of duality theory in convex optimization. The reputation of duality in the optimization theory comes mainly from the major role that it plays in formulating necessary and suf?cient optimality conditions and, consequently, in generatingdifferent algorithmic approachesfor solving mathematical programming problems. The investigations made in this work prove the importance of the duality theory beyond these aspects and emphasize its strong connections with different topics in convex analysis, nonlinear analysis, functional analysis and in the theory of monotone operators. The ?rst part of the book brings to the attention of the reader the perturbation approach as a fundamental tool for developing the so-called conjugate duality t- ory. The classical Lagrange and Fenchel duality approaches are particular instances of this general concept. More than that, the generalized interior point regularity conditions stated in the past for the two mentioned situations turn out to be p- ticularizations of the ones given in this general setting. In our investigations, the perturbationapproachrepresentsthestartingpointforderivingnewdualityconcepts for several classes of convex optimization problems. Moreover, via this approach, generalized Moreau–Rockafellar formulae are provided and, in connection with them, a new class of regularity conditions, called closedness-type conditions, for both stable strong duality and strong duality is introduced. By stable strong duality we understand the situation in which strong duality still holds whenever perturbing the objective function of the primal problem with a linear continuous functional.
This monograph provides a self-contained and comprehensive account of the most significant existence results obtained over the past two decades referring to some remarkable classes of ill-posed problems governed by non-accretive operators. All the results are derived from several compactness arguments, due mainly to the author, and are suitably illustrated by examples arising from various concrete problems - for example, nonlinear diffusion, heat conduction in materials with memory, fluid dynamics, and vibrations of a string with memory. Reference is made to optimal control theory in order to emphasize the degree of applicability of abstract compactness methods. Special attention is paid to multivalued perturbations of m-accretive operators; this case is analyzed under appropriate assumptions in order to allow the use of the general results in the study of some specific problems of great practical interest: reaction-diffusion and closed loop systems. Some biographical comments and open problems are also included. This new edition contains a number of improvements, corrections and insertions which both simplify and update the material. The book will be of interest to graduate students and specialists working in abstract evolution equations, partial differential equations, reaction-diffusion systems and ill-posed problems. A knowledge of topology, functional analysis and ordinary differential equations to undergraduate level is assumed.
This book presents, in a unitary frame and from a new perspective, the main concepts and results of one of the most fascinating branches of modern mathematics, namely differential equations, and offers the reader another point of view concerning a possible way to approach the problems of existence, uniqueness, approximation, and continuation of the solutions to a Cauchy problem. In addition, it contains simple introductions to some topics which are not usually included in classical textbooks: the exponential formula, conservation laws, generalized solutions, Caratheodory solutions, differential inclusions, variational inequalities, viability, invariance, and gradient systems.In this new edition, some typos have been corrected and two new topics have been added: Delay differential equations and differential equations subjected to nonlocal initial conditions. The bibliography has also been updated and expanded.
This book presents fundamentals and comprehensive results regarding duality for scalar, vector and set-valued optimization problems in a general setting. One chapter is exclusively consecrated to the scalar and vector Wolfe and Mond-Weir duality schemes.
Despite his unsurpassable contribution to ecumenical and interreligious dialogue, André Scrima (1925-2000) is a neglected theologian outside Romania and Orthodox Christianity. The publication of a collective volume in English on his theology fi lls a gap in the international literature on twentieth century Orthodox Christianity, ecumenical theology, interreligious dialogue, and European philosophy. Bringing together thirteen original contributions, this volume is the fi rst English book-length publication on Scrima’s unique theological and philosophical vision, with particular emphasis on his understanding and practice of dialogue. His theology, scattered in published and unpublished articles, book chapters, interviews, short notes, collection of course notes, and correspondence, is an open invitation to dialogue, conversation, and rapprochement between people, cultures, and religions. It is a theology of dialogue nourished by the riches of Eastern Christian spirituality, Hesychast tradition, and intellectual life, in conversation with Western philosophical and theological sources, as well as with the achievements and values of other religions and non-European schools of philosophy. At the heart of Scrima’s theology lies the idea that dialogue with the other is not a peripheral option or a low-priority task but an urgent and vital demand. Scrima is a voice that needs to be heard, especially today when the culture of dialogue is challenged on so many fronts. Dr. Viorel Coman is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Orthodox Theology “Justinian the Patriarch”, University of Bucharest, Romania, and Research Associate at the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Ioan Alexandru Tofan is Full Professor at the Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Ia?i, Romania, where he teaches philosophy of religion, hermeneutics, and Romanian philosophy.
Filling a gap in the literature, Delay Differential Evolutions Subjected to Nonlocal Initial Conditions reveals important results on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs). It presents very recent results relating to the existence, boundedness, regularity, and asymptotic behavior of global solutions for differential equations and inclusions, with or without delay, subjected to nonlocal implicit initial conditions. After preliminaries on nonlinear evolution equations governed by dissipative operators, the book gives a thorough study of the existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behavior of global bounded solutions for differential equations with delay and local initial conditions. It then focuses on two important nonlocal cases: autonomous and quasi-autonomous. The authors next discuss sufficient conditions for the existence of almost periodic solutions, describe evolution systems with delay and nonlocal initial conditions, examine delay evolution inclusions, and extend some results to the multivalued case of reaction-diffusion systems. The book concludes with results on viability for nonlocal evolution inclusions.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides ready access to how the legal dimension of prevention against harm and loss allocation is treated in the Romania. This traditional branch of law not only tackles questions which concern every lawyer, whatever his legal expertise, but also concerns each person’s most fundamental rights on a worldwide scale. Following a general introduction that probes the distinction between tort and crime and the relationship between tort and contract, the monograph describes how the concepts of fault and unlawfulness, and of duty of care and negligence, are dealt with in both the legislature and the courts. The book then proceeds to cover specific cases of liability, such as professional liability, liability of public bodies, abuse of rights, injury to reputation and privacy, vicarious liability, liability of parents and teachers, liability for handicapped persons, product liability, environmental liability, and liability connected with road and traffic accidents. Principles of causation, grounds of justification, limitations on recovery, assessment of damages and compensation, and the role of private insurance and social security are all closely considered. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for lawyers the Romania. Academics and researchers will also welcome this very useful guide, and will appreciate its value not only as a contribution to comparative law but also as a stimulus to harmonization of the rules on tort.
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