International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.'s Books

Regional Economic Outlook, April 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

Seizing the Momentum

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

Seizing the Momentum

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

The world economy and global trade are experiencing a broad-based cyclical upswing. Since October 2017, global growth outcomes and the outlook for 2018–19 have improved across all regions, reinforced by the expected positive near-term spillovers from tax policy changes in the United States. Accommodative global financial conditions, despite some tightening and market volatility in early February 2018, have been providing support to economic recovery. Higher commodity prices are contributing to an improved outlook for commodity exporters. The US and Canadian economies posted solid gains in 2017 and are expected to grow above potential in the near term. Despite the improved near-term outlook, however, medium-term prospects are tilted downwards. Growth prospects for advanced economies are subdued and many emerging market and developing economies are projected to grow in per capita terms more slowly than advanced economies, raising concerns about income convergence. While risks appear broadly balanced in the near term, they skew to the downside over the medium term, including a possible sharp tightening of financial conditions, waning popular support for global economic integration, growing trade tensions and risks of a shift toward protectionist policies, and geopolitical strains.

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1484339878

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9781484339879

Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Western Hemisphere Department

Tale of Two Adjustments

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Western Hemisphere Department

Tale of Two Adjustments

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

With the global economy gaining some momentum, economies of Latin America and the Caribbean are recovering from a recession at the regional level in 2016. This gradual improvement can be understood as tale of two adjustments, external and fiscal, that are ongoing in response to earlier shocks. But headwinds from commodity terms-of-trade shocks and country-specific domestic factors are fading, paving the way for real GDP to grow by about 1 percent in 2017. Regional activity is expected to pick up further momentum in 2018, but at a slower pace than previously anticipated, while medium-term growth is projected to remain modest at about 2.6 percent. The outlook is shaped by key shifts in the global economic and policy landscape—where slow growth, low productivity, and high income inequality are creating pressure for a shift toward inward- looking policies in some advanced economies. Domestic fundamentals and developments, however, will continue to play a significant role in determining growth for the region. At the same time, risks to the outlook have widened in a setting of higher global uncertainty. In this challenging external context, countries should aim for completing fiscal and external adjustments to preserve or rebuild policy buffers. Charting a course toward higher, sustainable, and more equitable growth will also require strengthening structural reforms. Specifically, closing infrastructure gaps, improving the business environment, governance, and education outcomes, and encouraging female labor participation are necessary to boost medium-term growth and foster income convergence. Chapters in this report examine the ongoing external adjustment to terms-of-trade shifts, drivers of capital flows to the region, the role of the investor base, and macroeconomic impact of migration and remittances.

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1475575394

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9781475575392

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2015: Western Hemisphere Department

Adjusting Under Pressure

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2015: Western Hemisphere Department

Adjusting Under Pressure

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Economies in the Western Hemisphere are generally seeing a slowdown in growth. The U.S. economy regained momentum after a slow start at the beginning of the year, while in Latin America and the Caribbean economic activity continues to decelerate. Stronger U.S. growth should benefit countries in the region, especially those with tighter links through trade, remittances, and tourism (Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean). Weaker commodity prices for the foreseeable future, however, will continue to hurt South America's net commodity exporters, lowering national incomes, reducing investment, and worsening fiscal balances. These developments could, in turn, impede progress made in recent years in poverty reduction. These developments could, in turn, impede progress made in recent years in poverty reduction. Key risks, including an abrupt tightening of U.S. interest rates or a further slowdown in China, may disproportionately affect Latin America. Chapters in this report examine monetary policy in Latin America, including the region’s exposure to global financial shocks; the role of value chains and regional trade agreements in fostering trade integration; and financial market development in the region.

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International Monetary Fund

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1513599712

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9781513599717

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

The global economy has slowed, with important consequences for growth prospects in Latin America and the Caribbean. The slowdown in economic activity has been broad-based among advanced economies and more pronounced in emerging markets and developing economies, partly reflecting trade and geopolitical tensions. Global growth is projected to decline to the lowest level since the global financial crises, before recovering in 2020. More importantly, growth is projected to decline in 2019–20 in the United States and China, which are LAC’s two main trading partners. The ongoing sluggishness of global growth and trade is affecting export growth in LAC, posing significant headwinds to the outlook. External demand for the region remains subdued, with trading partner growth (including China, Europe, other LAC countries, and the United States) projected to decline in 2019, before recovering modestly over the medium term. Moreover, commodity prices (notably energy and metals), key drivers of growth in LAC in the past, are projected to decline with a likely modest negative impact on regional growth going forward.

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1513513958

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9781513513959

Regional Economic Outlook, April 2015: Western Hemisphere Department

Northern Spring, Southern Chills

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2015: Western Hemisphere Department

Northern Spring, Southern Chills

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

The economic outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean remains very challenging. Regional growth is projected to decline for a fifth consecutive year in 2015, dipping below 1 percent. Weakness is concentrated among South America's commodity exporters, where falling global commodity prices have compounded country-specific challenges. Meanwhile, growth is projected to be steady or stronger for most of the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico, supported by lower oil bills for importers and robust economic recovery in the United States. The analysis in this report examines core challenges facing the region: the impact of lower commodity prices on fiscal and external positions, the drivers of the slowdown in investment, and the role of economic diversification for longer-term growth prospects.

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1475521804

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9781475521801

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

An Uneven Recovery

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

An Uneven Recovery

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Amid escalating trade tensions, tighter financial conditions, and volatile commodity markets, economic recovery in Latin America and the Caribbean has both moderated and become more uneven.

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148437536X

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9781484375365

Regional Economic Outlook, May 2013, Western Hemisphere

Time to Rebuild Policy Space

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, May 2013, Western Hemisphere

Time to Rebuild Policy Space

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Despite some global risks, external conditions for Latin America should remain stimulative. With monetary policy in advanced economies expected to stay accommodative, external financing conditions will remain favorable. Strong demand from emerging Asian economies and the gradual recovery of advanced economies will continue to support commodity prices, benefiting exporters. The main policy challenge for most of the region is to take advantage of current conditions to continue buttressing a foundation for sustained growth. Other issues important to the region include: (i) strengthening balance sheets; (ii) understanding how changes in external conditions could impact public and external debt dynamics; and (iii) making the best use of the windfall from the recent terms-of-trade boom.

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1484347927

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9781484347928

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2011, Western Hemisphere

Shifting Winds, New Policy Challenges

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2011, Western Hemisphere

Shifting Winds, New Policy Challenges

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Despite the recent deterioration in the global economic environment, projections for the region involve only a modest worsening of the outlook. The October 2011 Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere cautions, however, that there are severe downside risks. A sharp slowdown in Asia, for example in response to a recession in advanced economies, could impact commodity prices, with negative effects on Latin American commodity exporters. With global monetary policy likely to remain accommodative, capital flows could exacerbate overheating and amplify vulnerabilities in emerging markets. Countries with strong real linkages to the United States face a somewhat weaker outlook and should give priority to reducing public debt. Although much of the Caribbean is recovering from a prolonged recession, the outlook remains constrained by high public debt and weak tourism flows. This issue finds that policies can play an important role in mitigating the economic impact of terms-of-trade shocks, and underscores the need to rebuild policy buffers.

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1616351306

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9781616351304

Regional Economic Outlook, May 2010, Western Hemisphere

Taking Advantage of Tailwinds

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, May 2010, Western Hemisphere

Taking Advantage of Tailwinds

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

A multispeed global recovery is under way, with some emerging markets in the lead and the major advanced economies growing more slowly. This macroeconomic setting has brought a return to easy global financial conditions and high commodity prices-a situation likely to be sustained for some time but unlikely to be permanent. Against that external backdrop, the recovery in the Latin America and Caribbean region overall is advancing faster than anticipated, but moving at different speeds across countries. The report discusses the varying policy challenges that different countries face as the global recovery proceeds. Chapter 1 analyzes the global setting and the outlook for the United States and Canada in particular, while Chapter 2 focuses on the outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean. Chapter 3 looks in depth at the challenges arising from the return of easy external financial conditions. Together with high commodity prices, such conditions represent favorable "tailwinds" for many countries of the region, but also carry risks for policymakers to address.

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INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

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1589069218

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9781589069213

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department

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1513515500

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9781513515502

Regional Economic Outlook, April 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

Seizing the Momentum

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

Seizing the Momentum

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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1484354672

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9781484354674

Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Western Hemisphere Department

Tale of Two Adjustments

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Western Hemisphere Department

Tale of Two Adjustments

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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1475575394

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9781475575392

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

An Uneven Recovery

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Western Hemisphere Department

An Uneven Recovery

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Amid escalating trade tensions, tighter financial conditions, and volatile commodity markets, economic recovery in Latin America and the Caribbean has both moderated and become more uneven.

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148437536X

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Western Hemisphere Department

Tale of Two Adjustments

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Western Hemisphere Department

Tale of Two Adjustments

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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147557522X

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9781475575224

Financial Integration in Latin America

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department,International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.

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Financial Integration in Latin America

Many Latin American economies have experienced significant reductions in growth recently, as a result of the end of the commodity super-cycle and the rebalancing of China’s growth, and a number of global banks have been leaving the region. AlthoughLatin American countries were generally less affected by the global financial crisis (GFC) than other regions, the region continues also to suffer from the protracted sluggish growth in advanced economies. In addition, there has since 2008 been a withdrawal of global banks from the region, thus potentially worsening access to credit or reducing competition in the financial sector. More broadly, the GFC demonstrated that extreme economic volatility can originate from outside the region, rather than internally, as was the experience of the 1980s and 1990s...

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1498345891

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9781498345897

Regional Economic Outlook, November 2006, Western Hemisphere

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, November 2006, Western Hemisphere

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

This Western Hemisphere Regional Economic Outlook covers the United States, Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The report reviews recent economic developments, discusses the economic outlook, and outlines risks and challenges ahead.

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1589065948

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9781589065949

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2011, Western Hemisphere

Shifting Winds, New Policy Challenges

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2011, Western Hemisphere

Shifting Winds, New Policy Challenges

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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1616351306

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9781616351304

Regional Economic Outlook, April 2012, Western Hemisphere

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2012, Western Hemisphere

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Growth in much of Latin America remains solid, although it slowed during the second half of 2011 as result of the combined effects of policy tightening and global uncertainties. Under our baseline, we expect growth in Latin America and the Caribbean to moderate to about 33⁄4 percent in 2012, from about 41⁄2 last year. For many countries, high commodity prices and easy external financing conditions will provide tailwinds. For others, weak growth in the United States and other advanced-country partners, or homegrown fiscal problems, will hold back activity. This edition of the Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere elaborates on three key themes. First, the global economic environment is somewhat better than in late 2011, but remains risky as renewed tensions from Europe and the likelihood of an oil price shock cannot be discarded. Second, external conditions will remain stimulative for much of Latin America: The double tailwinds of easy external finance and high commodity prices are likely to persist for a while, though not forever. And third, this environment creates opportunities for Latin America-opportunities to build on the resilience and flexibility that has served it so well during the global crisis of 2008-09. This edition also expands on these themes through analytical features on regional spillovers, the growth effects of global financial shocks, and housing and mortgage markets in the region.

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1475578539

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9781475578539

Collaboration Between Regional Financing Arrangements and the IMF--Background Paper

By: International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department

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Collaboration Between Regional Financing Arrangements and the IMF--Background Paper

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1498346545

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9781498346542

Haiti

Selected Issues

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Haiti

Selected Issues

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

This Selected Issues paper examines opportunities and challenges for growth in Haiti. Achieving a sustained increase in living standards in Haiti will require deep-seated reforms across a range of areas. Diversifying the export base is needed to cushion the impact of severe shocks that have reduced per capita income and prevented a sustained increase in the capital stock. Integration into global-value chains would also allow Haiti to take advantage of its proximity to the U.S. market and favorable trade preferences to generate employment, spur the creation of human capital, and allow Haiti to begin climbing the value added chain.

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1513541587

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9781513541587

Panama

Request for Purchase under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Panama

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Panama

Request for Purchase under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Panama

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

This paper focuses on Panama’s Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted Panama’s economy and created urgent balance of payments (BOP) and fiscal financing needs. The government has resolutely implemented measures to contain and mitigate the spread of the pandemic. However, significant uncertainties remain, and the economic fallout could intensify further if containment measures must be extended. The authorities stand ready to continue cooperating with the IMF in finding solutions to the balance of payments and fiscal imbalances. Measures have also been taken to maintain financial sector stability, including by allowing banks to use the accumulated dynamic provisioning to improve their liquidity position and absorb the impact of potential credit losses. The IMF emergency support under the Rapid Financing Instrument will help provide much needed resources to address BOP needs and support essential pandemic-related health expenditure. The support of other international financial institutions and development partners is crucial to close the remaining BOP and budgetary gaps, ease the adjustment burden, and preserve economic growth.

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1513542761

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9781513542768

Cluster Report

Trade Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Cluster Report

Trade Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

This cluster report takes stock of and explores opportunities for trade integration in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Drawing on a set of 12 analytical studies that will be issued as working papers, the report examines the determinants of trade, explores the potential to enhance LAC’s trade integration, and assesses the associated economic and social effects. To deepen understanding of the region’s policy options and trade strategies, the report also incorporates the views of LAC country authorities based on responses to a survey. This provides an opportunity to examine the alignment of recommendations based on the analytical findings with the region’s current trade policy priorities, with the caveat that the survey was conducted between late 2015 and mid-2016, prior to the most recent developments in the global trade landscape.

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1475586019

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9781475586015

United States

Selected Issues

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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United States

Selected Issues

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

This Selected Issues paper on United States 2012 Article IV Consultation discusses rebound of manufacturing production. The U.S. share in global manufacturing production declined through most of the past three decades, but it has stabilized since the Great Recession. It currently represents about 20 percent of global manufacturing value added. Interestingly, after a sharp increase during most of the previous decade, China’s share in global manufacturing has also stabilized since the Great Recession, at a level similar to that of the United States. The notion of a manufacturing renaissance has been fuelled partly by the rebound in production since the end of the Great Recession.

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1484376552

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9781484376553

Mexico

Review Under the Flexible Credit Line Arrangement-Press Release; and Staff Report

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

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Mexico

Review Under the Flexible Credit Line Arrangement-Press Release; and Staff Report

By: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Mexico has recovered more gradually from the pandemic than its peers and economic activity is expected to slow in the second half of this year and into 2023. Inflation increased as the economy emerged from the COVID-19 shock but is expected to plateau in the second half of 2022 and then gradually decline.

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