A team of energy experts from 15 agencies worked under the leadership of the World Bank and the International Energy Agency to produce this comprehensive snapshot of the status of more than 170 countries with respect to energy access, action on energy efficiency and renewable energy, and energy consumption. The report’s framework for data collection and analysis will enable us to monitor progress on the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) objectives from now to 2030. The report also shows how different countries can boost progress toward sustainable energy. Reaching universal energy access depends decisively on actions in some 20 "high-impact" countries in Africa and Asia. Attaining the global objectives for energy efficiency and renewable energy hinges on efforts in some 20 developed and emerging economies that account for 80 percent of global energy consumption. Finally, the report identifies a number of "fast-moving" countries whose exceptionally rapid progress on the triple energy agenda since 1990 provides not just inspiration, but know-how that can help us replicate their success elsewhere.
The International Energy Agency's comprehensive annual review of market trends in the OECD electricity sector. This 2008 edition includes preliminary data for 2007.
The Inernational Energy Agencys periodic review of Luxembourgs energy policies and programmes. It analyses the energy challenges facing Luxembourg and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. Since the last review in 2004, Luxembourg has reformed its energy policies across all sectors, has fully liberalised its electricity and natural gas markets, and is actively participating in the development of the evolving Central West European regional electricity system. Luxembourg has also prepared a broad action plan on energy efficiency, improved the support system for renewable energy sources and revised taxes to mitigate climate change. The country s energy policy in the coming decade will be shaped by the EU 2020 targets that call for substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and strong increases in renewable energy and energy efficiency. These targets will be hard to meet, given that roughly half of energy-related CO 2 emissions come from transport fuel use by foreign truckers and motorists, and that Luxembourg s potential for producing much more renewable energy is limited. Luxembourg is heavily dependent on oil. Although oil sources are well diversified by country of origin, more than 85% of oil stocks are held in neighbouring countries and often based on short-term leasing contracts. This leaves the country vulnerable to potential oil supply disruptions. Luxembourg should swiftly implement a plan to improve the security of oil supply.
The energy policies of the Netherlands play an important role in ensuring energy security not only on a national level but in all of north-west Europe. The country's strategic location makes it an important transit and trade hub for natural gas, oil and electricity. Furthermore, it has important natural gas production and a large oil refining industry. To enhance continental energy security, the government takes a leadership role in natural gas and electricity market development, pushing forward important policies to better integrate and harmonise the existing national and regional markets. One of the world's leaders in energy research and development (R&D) management, the Netherlands is further increasing its R&D on energy technologies. With sound policies already in place, the Netherlands has recently announced its intention to create an even more sustainable energy future. As part of this pledge, the government has set ambitious targets: to increase the share of renewables in the energy mix to 20% by 2020; to make a 2% annual efficiency improvement; and to lower greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2020 from the 1990 level. These objectives will not be easy to achieve. To ensure their attainment, the Netherlands will need not only well-designed policies but also their timely and effective implementation. This review analyses the energy challenges facing the Netherlands and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. For example, it urges the government to provide policy continuity-such as in promotion regimes for renewable energy - to underpin a sustainable investment climate. It also highlights the need for closer co-ordination among national, regional and local authorities.
This publication provides a detailed analysis of global and regional trends in energy production, trade and investment, as well as assessing energy-related carbon dioxide emissions and policies designed to reduce them. For the first time, this year's edition extends its projections to the year 2030 for supply and demand of oil, gas, coal, renewable energy sources, nuclear power and electricity. In the light of increased concerns about energy security, it highlights the increasing importance of China as a strategic buyer on world oil and gas markets. The subject of energy poverty and the fact that a quarter of the world's population still lacks modern energy services is also discussed. Findings include: that world energy demand will grow by two-thirds in the next 30 years, mostly in developing countries; carbon dioxide emissions from energy use will continue to grow steeply; fossil fuels, notably natural gas demand, will continue to dominate the energy mix, although the greatest demand growth will be in renewable energies.
Electricity Information "provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the OECD electricity sector, including 2010 preliminary data. An Introduction, notes, definitions and auxiliary information are provided in Part I. Part II of the publication provides an overview of the world electricity developments in 2009, covering world electricity and heat production, input fuel mix, supply and consumption, and electricity imports and exports. A greater focus is given to the 34 OECD countries with more detailed information covering production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, consumption, electricity trades, input fuel prices and end-user electricity prices. Part III of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD electricity and heat market, as well as monthly OECD production and trade electricity data for 2009. Part IV provides, in tabular form, detailed and comprehensive statistical coverage of the power and heat industry developments for each of the OECD member countries and for OECD and IEA regional aggregates. It provides comprehensive statistical details on overall energy consumption, economic indicators, electricity and heat production by energy form and plant type, electricity imports and exports, sectoral energy and electricity consumption as well as prices for electricity and electricity input fuels for each country and regional aggregate. "Electricity Information "is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are "Coal Information, " "Natural Gas Information, Oil Information and Renewables Information.
This volume contains data for 2009 and 2010 on the supply and consumption of coal, oil, natural gas, electricity, heat, renewables and waste presented as comprehensive energy balances. Data are expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent for over 100 non-OECD countries. Historical tables summarise production, trade and final consumption data as well as key energy and economic indicators. These tables also include preliminary estimates of 2011 production (and trade when available) for natural gas, primary coal and oil. This book includes definitions of products and flows, explanatory notes on the individual country data and conversion factors from original units to energy units. More detailed data in original units are published in the 2012 edition of Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, the sister volume of this publication
The International Energy Agency's annual detailed reference work on gas supply and demand covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world, this publication contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. This edition also includes a special report on the development of competitive gas trading in continental Europe.The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed supply and demand balance for each country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination.
This report reviews the US Government's energy policy and analyses its implications for the energy trade worldwide and global environmental issues. Topics considered are: general energy policy; energy and the environment; energy efficiency; electricity production, nuclear power; oil, coal and gas; renewable energy; research and development. The report finds that US energy policy is in transition, with the National Energy Policy placing increased emphasis on domestic energy production and economic growth. The US has withdrawn from the Kyoto Protocol and plans to pursue its own approach to the climate change issue. Energy efficiency is an important complement to expanding energy supply, but insufficient to match rising demand. The power crisis in California has slowed progress on market reform. The challenge for the electricity market is to create a small number of regional markets operating under consistent regulatory regimes. The National Energy Policy promotes nuclear energy, but no specific policies are proposed to encourage the construction of new plants. The decision on the Yucca Mountain repository will be important for the future of nuclear power worldwide.
The International Energy Agency's 2011 comprehensive review of Norways energy policies and programmes. The review finds that Norway has a unique twin role as a major oil and gas producer and a strong global advocate of climate change mitigation. As the third-largest exporter of energy in the world, it contributes to global energy security by providing reliable supplies to consuming countries. At the same time, the Norwegians highly value environmental sustainability and the country is taking climate policy very seriously. Norway also manages its petroleum resources and revenue in a commendable way, setting a model for other countries. The challenge now for the government is to stimulate further increases in natural gas and petroleum production from safe and environmentally sustainable operations. Norway's large potential for hydropower generation is an asset, as European electricity markets are integrating and variable renewable energy generation is set to increase. More cross-border interconnections are needed to realise the full potential of hydropower for balancing variations in demand and supply in the regional market. Increased interconnections would also improve electricity security in Norway in times of low hydropower availability. Gas-fired power plants should also be considered for use for the same purpose. In order to meet its ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Norway needs to step up efforts at home. Although the dominance of low-carbon electricity in the energy mix limits the scope for domestic measures, large potential for emission reductions remains in oil and gas production, manufacturing and transport. However, measures to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy should be carefully designed, because they often focus on electricity and would thus not reduce emissions. Recent large increases in spending on energy RD & D and ongoing efforts to develop carbon capture and storage are very welcome.
This annual review analyses energy policy and market trends of the member countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA). It provides an overview of developments in energy security; energy market reform; climate change policies; renewables sector; technology, research and development. The publication presents summaries of the in-depth country reviews of Denmark, Germany, Greece, Korea, Norway, the UK and the United States carried out during 2001-02. Shorter standard reviews of Canada, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden are also included, as well as an overview of developments in non-member countries including China, India, Russia, Argentina and Brazil. Energy balances and key energy statistics for all IEA countries are given.
Energy efficiency presents a unique opportunity to address three energy-related challenges in IEA member countries: energy security, climate change, and economic development. Yet an energy-efficiency gap exists between actual and optimal energy use. That is, significant cost-effective energy efficiency potential is wasted because market barriers prevent countries from achieving optimal levels. Market barriers take many forms, from inadequate access to capital, isolation from price signals, information asymmetry, and split-incentives. Though many studies have reported the existence of such market barriers, none so far have attempted to quantify the magnitude of their effect on energy use and efficiency.
This volume contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, gas, electricity, heat, renewables and waste. Complete data are available for 2009 and 2010 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2011). Historical tables summarise data on production, trade and final consumption. The book also includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data.
This volume contains data on the supply and consumption of coal, oil, gas, electricity, heat, renewables and waste presented as comprehensive energy balances expressed in million tonnes of oil equivalent. Complete data are available for 2006 and 2007 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e.2008). Historical tables summarise production, trade and final consumption data as well as key energy and economic indicators. The book also includes definitions of products and flows, explanatory notes on the individual country data and conversion factors from original units to energy units.
Energy Policies of IEA Countries offers a comprehensive analysis of the country's energy sector, evaluating its strengths and weaknesses across the fuel mix, as well as looking at broader issues such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, and technology research and development. It also includes policy critiques and recommendations, drawing on experience across IEA member countries. For policy makers charged with solving the country's emerging energy challenges, this book is essential.
The International Energy Agency's annual detailed reference work on gas supply and demand covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world, this publication contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. This edition also includes a special report on the development of competitive gas trading in continental Europe.The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed supply and demand balance for each country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination.
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