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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 57, No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 57, No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper introduces a new database of financial reforms covering 91 economies over 1973-2005. It describes the content of the database, the information sources utilized, and the coding rules used to create an index of financial reform. It also compares the database with other measures of financial liberalization, provides descriptive statistics, and discusses some possible applications. The database provides a multifaceted measure of reform, covering seven aspects of financial sector policy. Along each dimension the database provides a graded (rather than a binary) score, and allows for reversals.

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244

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1589069129

ISBN 13

9781589069121

IMF Staff papers, Volume 44 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 44 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper studies the case of Mexico to examine determinants of banking system fragility. The paper tests empirically the proposition that bank fragility is determined by bank-specific factors, macroeconomic conditions, and potential contagion effects. The methodology allows the variables that determine bank failure to differ from those that influence banks’ time to failure (or survival rate). Based on the indicators of fragility of individual banks, the paper constructs an index of fragility for the banking system. The framework is applied to the Mexican financial crisis that began in 1994.

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120

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451973462

ISBN 13

9781451973464

IMF Staff papers

Volume 43 No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers

Volume 43 No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on the flexibility of the labor market and the evidence regarding the wage and employment effects of trade reform are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation.

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208

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451947224

ISBN 13

9781451947229

IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper analyzes contagion and volatility with imperfect credit markets. The paper interprets contagion effects as an increase in the volatility of shocks impinging on the economy. The implications of this approach are analyzed in a model in which domestic banks borrow at a premium on world capital markets, and domestic producers borrow at a premium from domestic banks. Financial spreads depend on a markup that compensates lenders, in particular, for the expected cost of contract enforcement. Higher volatility increases financial spreads and the producers’ cost of capital.

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204

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451974167

ISBN 13

9781451974164

IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper analyzes some leading indicators of currency crises, and proposes a specific early warning system. This system involves monitoring the evolution of several indicators that tend to exhibit an unusual behavior in the periods preceding a crisis. When an indicator exceeds a certain threshold value, this is interpreted as a warning “signal” that a currency crisis may take place. The variables that have the best track record within this approach include exports, deviations of the real exchange rate from trend, and the ratio of broad money to gross international reserves, output, and equity prices.

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216

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451974515

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9781451974515

IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper presents international evidence on the determinants of trade dynamics. It provides some new empirical perspectives on the relationship between international trade and macroeconomic fluctuations in industrial economies. A comprehensive set of stylized facts concerning fluctuations in trade variables and their determinants is presented. A measure of the quantitative importance of international trade for the propagation of domestic business cycles is then constructed, focusing on the role of external trade as a catalyst for cyclical recoveries.

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168

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451973608

ISBN 13

9781451973600

IMF Staff papers, Volume 43 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 43 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper examines the volatility and predictability of emerging stock markets. A range of measures suggests that, despite perceptions to the contrary, the volatility of emerging markets may have fallen rather than risen on average. Also, although the autocorrelations in emerging market returns appear to turn negative at horizons of a year or more, the magnitude of these return reversals is not that much larger than reversals in some mature markets. One interpretation of the results would be that emerging markets have not consistently been subject to fads or bubbles, or at least no more so than in some industrial countries.

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188

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451973446

ISBN 13

9781451973440

IMF Staff papers, Volume 43 No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 43 No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper extends a standard growth model and obtains consistent panel data estimates of the growth retarding effects of military spending via its adverse impact on capital formation and resource allocation. Simulation experiments suggest that a substantial long-term “peace dividend”—in the form of higher capacity output—may result from markedly lower military expenditure levels achieved in most regions during the late 1980s, and the further military spending cuts that would be possible if global peace could be secured.

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268

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451957092

ISBN 13

9781451957099

IMF Staff papers, Volume 42 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 42 No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper analyzes long-term exchange rate modeling. The paper reviews the literature that tests for a unit root in real exchange rates and the closely related work on testing for a unit root in the residual from a regression of the nominal exchange rate on relative prices. It argues that the balance of evidence is supportive of the existence of some form of long-term exchange rate relationship. The paper highlights that the form of this relationship, however, does not accord exactly with a traditional representation of the long-term exchange rate.

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280

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

145197339X

ISBN 13

9781451973396

IMF Staff papers, Volume 39 No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 39 No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper focuses on exchange rate economics. Two main views of exchange rate determination have evolved since the early 1970s: the monetary approach to the exchange rate (in flexible-price, sticky-price, and real interest differential formulations); and the portfolio balance approach. In this paper, the literature on these views is surveyed, followed by a discussion of the empirical evidence and likely future developments in the area of exchange rate determination. The literature on foreign exchange market efficiency, exchange rates and “news,” and international parity conditions is also reviewed.

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220

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451956940

ISBN 13

9781451956948

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, Special Issue, IMF Conference in Honor of Michael Mussa

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, Special Issue, IMF Conference in Honor of Michael Mussa

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper focuses on expectations for the American economy focused on the likelihood of secular stagnation, which continued to be debated throughout the post-war period. Concerns rose during the late 1960s and early 1970s about rapid population growth smothering the potential for economic growth in developing countries were contradicted when, during the mid- and late-1970s, fertility rates began to decline rapidly. In policy-oriented institutions (and in most businesses and individual decision making), policymaking decisions are often guided by projections and forward-looking indicators. The case of Michael Mussa has been one of great anticipation, and of great accomplishment, and all the early optimistic forecasts about him have turned out to be correct. Within the sphere of economics, undoubtedly the most famous and widely used forecast—one, incidentally, that thus far has often been incorrect—is that based on the Malthusian doctrine of the relationship between resources and population.

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196

Publisher

International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

158906447X

ISBN 13

9781589064478

Proceedings of the Twenty Seventh General Assembly Rio de Janeiro 2009

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union XXVIIB

By: International Astronomical Union. General Assembly

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Proceedings of the Twenty Seventh General Assembly Rio de Janeiro 2009

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union XXVIIB

By: International Astronomical Union. General Assembly

A complete record of the formal organisational and administrative proceedings of the XXVII General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union.

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548

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0521768314

ISBN 13

9780521768313

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 53, No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 53, No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This is the final issue for 2006 (Volume 53), and contains another paper in the occasional Special Data Section that seeks to measure financial development in the Middle East and North Africa by utilizing a new database. The issue also contains a comment from Jacques J. Polak on parity reversion in real exchange rates.

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183

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589065816

ISBN 13

9781589065819

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 54, No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 54, No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This issue features a timely paper by Vladimir Klyuev and Paul Mills on the role of personal wealth and home equity withdrawal in the decline in the U.S. saving rate. Lusine Lusinyan and Leo Bonato explain how work absence in 18 European countries affects labor supply and demand. And a paper by Paolo Manasse (University of Bologna) entitled "Deficit Limits and Fiscal Rules for Dummies" examines fiscal frameworks.

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212

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589066510

ISBN 13

9781589066519

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This first issue of IMF Staff Papers for 2005 contains 7 papers that discuss: whether output recovered after the Asian crisis; the value of a country's trading partners to its own economic growth; whether interdependence is a factor in understanding the spread of currency crises; can remittance payments from expatriates be a reliable source of capital for economic development?; total factor productivity; designing a VAT for the energy trade in Russia and Ukraine; and lastly, a discussion of the reasons for central bank intervention in ERM-I since 1993

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156

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589064194

ISBN 13

9781589064195

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 56, No. 4

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 56, No. 4

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper empirically evaluates four types of costs that may result from an international sovereign default: reputational costs, international trade exclusion costs, costs to the domestic economy through the financial system, and political costs to the authorities. It finds that the economic costs are generally significant but short-lived, and sometimes do not operate through conventional channels. The political consequences of a debt crisis, by contrast, seem to be particularly dire for incumbent governments and finance ministers, broadly in line with what happens in currency crises.

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296

Publisher

International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589069102

ISBN 13

9781589069107

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper examines contractionary currency crashes in developing countries. It explores the causes of India’s productivity surge around 1980, more than a decade before serious economic reforms were initiated. The paper finds evidence that the trigger may have been an attitudinal shift by the government in the early 1980s that, unlike the reforms of the 1990s, was pro-business rather than pro-market in character, favoring the interests of existing businesses rather than new entrants or consumers. A relatively small shift elicited a large productivity response, because India was far away from its income possibility frontier.

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224

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International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589064488

ISBN 13

9781589064485

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 56, No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 56, No. 3

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Studies of the impact of trade openness on growth are based either on crosscountry analysis—which lacks transparency—or case studies—which lack statistical rigor. This paper applies a transparent econometric method drawn from the treatment evaluation literature (matching estimators) to make the comparison between treated (that is, open) and control (that is, closed) countries explicit while remaining within a statistical framework. Matching estimators highlight that common cross-country evidence is based on rather far-fetched country comparisons, which stem from the lack of common support of treated and control countries in the covariate space. The paper therefore advocates paying more attention to appropriate sample restriction in crosscountry macro research.

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248

Publisher

International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589068203

ISBN 13

9781589068209

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 55, No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 55, No. 1

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

In this issue, a team of economists look at approaches to modeling the use of IMF resources in order to gauge whether the recent decline in credit outstanding is a temporary or permanent phenomenon. Era Dabla-Norris and Gabriela Inchauste examine what drives the growth of firms, with a focus on informality and regulations. Evan Tanner and Issouf Samake use a vector autoregression approach to examine the probabilistic sustainability of public debt in Brazil. Mexico, and Turkey. And Rachel Glennerster and Yongseok Shin ask whether transparency pays?that is, does the frequency and accuracy of macroeconomic information released to the public lead to lower borrowing costs in sovereign debt markets?

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220

Publisher

International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589067223

ISBN 13

9781589067226

IMF Staff Papers, Volume 56, No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff Papers, Volume 56, No. 2

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

China’s growth performance since the start of economic reforms in 1978 has been impressive, but the gains have not been distributed equally across provinces. We use a nonparametric approach to analyze the variation in labor productivity growth across China’s provinces. This approach imposes less structure on the data than the standard growth accounting framework and allows for a breakdown of labor productivity into efficiency gains, technological progress, and capital deepening. We have the following results. First, we find that on average capital deepening accounts for about 75 percent of total labor productivity growth, while efficiency and technological improvements account for about 7 and 18 percent, respectively. Second, technical change is not neutral. Third, whereas improvement in efficiency contributes to convergence in labor productivity between provinces, technical change contributes to productivity disparity across provinces. Finally, we find that foreign direct investment has a positive and significant effect on efficiency growth and technical progress.

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216

Publisher

International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1589067959

ISBN 13

9781589067950

IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 4

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

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IMF Staff papers, Volume 45 No. 4

By: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

This paper describes the issue of corruption around the world. The paper surveys and discusses issues related to the causes, consequences, and scope of corruption, and possible corrective actions. It emphasizes the costs of corruption in terms of economic growth. It also emphasizes that the fight against corruption may not be cheap and cannot be independent from the reform of the state. If certain reforms are not made, corruption is likely to continue to be a problem regardless of actions directly aimed at curtailing it.

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180

Publisher

International Monetary Fund

Published Date

ISBN 10

1451972776

ISBN 13

9781451972771

Open Access and the Public Domain in Digital Data and Information for Science

Proceedings of an International Symposium

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on International Scientific Organizations,U.S. National Committee for CODATA

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Open Access and the Public Domain in Digital Data and Information for Science

Proceedings of an International Symposium

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on International Scientific Organizations,U.S. National Committee for CODATA

This symposium, which was held on March 10-11, 2003, at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, brought together policy experts and managers from the government and academic sectors in both developed and developing countries to (1) describe the role, value, and limits that the public domain and open access to digital data and information have in the context of international research; (2) identify and analyze the various legal, economic, and technological pressures on the public domain in digital data and information, and their potential effects on international research; and (3) review the existing and proposed approaches for preserving and promoting the public domain and open access to scientific and technical data and information on a global basis, with particular attention to the needs of developing countries.

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195

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091454

ISBN 13

9780309091459

Directory of Sport Science

A Journey Through Time : the Changing Face of ICSSPE

By: International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education

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Directory of Sport Science

A Journey Through Time : the Changing Face of ICSSPE

By: International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education

Sports Science.

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Page Count

520

Publisher

Human Kinetics

Published Date

ISBN 10

0736087362

ISBN 13

9780736087360

IJER Vol 1-N4

By: International Journal of Educational Reform

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IJER Vol 1-N4

By: International Journal of Educational Reform

The mission of the International Journal of Educational Reform (IJER) is to keep readers up-to-date with worldwide developments in education reform by providing scholarly information and practical analysis from recognized international authorities. As the only peer-reviewed scholarly publication that combines authors’ voices without regard for the political affiliations perspectives, or research methodologies, IJER provides readers with a balanced view of all sides of the political and educational mainstream. To this end, IJER includes, but is not limited to, inquiry based and opinion pieces on developments in such areas as policy, administration, curriculum, instruction, law, and research. IJER should thus be of interest to professional educators with decision-making roles and policymakers at all levels turn since it provides a broad-based conversation between and among policymakers, practitioners, and academicians about reform goals, objectives, and methods for success throughout the world. Readers can call on IJER to learn from an international group of reform implementers by discovering what they can do that has actually worked. IJER can also help readers to understand the pitfalls of current reforms in order to avoid making similar mistakes. Finally, it is the mission of IJER to help readers to learn about key issues in school reform from movers and shakers who help to study and shape the power base directing educational reform in the U.S. and the world.

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Page Count

133

Publisher

Rowman & Littlefield

Published Date

ISBN 10

1475815905

ISBN 13

9781475815900

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