In collaboration with The California Endowment's Books

Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

Focus on Industry - Brief Summary: Institute of Medicine Regional Symposium

By: National Academies,Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity,In collaboration with The California Endowment

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Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

Focus on Industry - Brief Summary: Institute of Medicine Regional Symposium

By: National Academies,Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity,In collaboration with The California Endowment

In 2002, Congress charged the Institute of Medicine (IOM) with developing a prevention-focused action plan to reduce the number of obese children and youth in the United States. In 2005, with support from The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), the IOM is building on its previous work by conducting a study to assess progress toward the obesity prevention recommendations in the original report. The IOM organized three regional meetings in the midwest, southeastern, and western United States to galvanize obesity prevention efforts of local, state, and national decision-makers, community and school leaders, grassroots organizations, and industry representatives including the food, beverage, restaurant, leisure, recreation, and entertainment industries. These three meetings will involve disseminating the findings and recommendations of the original IOM report and catalyzing dialogues that highlight best practices and identify assets and barriers to moving forward with obesity prevention efforts in each selected region. In collaboration with The California Endowment, the committee held its third regional symposium on December 1, 2005 in Irvine, California. The symposium included three plenary panels that focused on food and physical activity products, portfolio shifts, and packaging innovations; retailing healthy lifestyles with regard to food and physical activity; and the business response to childhood obesity. Participants also engaged in two break-out sessions. The first session focused on marketing communication strategies that promote both healthful products and physical activity opportunities. The second session focused on public and private education campaigns and industry self-regulation of advertising to children. A program agenda is at the end of this summary. The symposium provided a useful forum for stakeholders to explore viable strategies and exchange information about promising practices for addressing barriers to obesity prevention initiatives, and to identify how public health interests can coincide with the business interests of companies to have a positive impact on reversing the childhood obesity trend. This summary highlights the recurring themes for accelerating change and how industry collectively can move forward with obesity prevention efforts that emerged from the symposium. The themes include reverse the obesity trend; market health and nutrition; make a business commitment to health; change the food and physical activity environment; forge strategic partnerships; garner political support to ally public health and industry; educate stakeholders; collect, disseminate, and share local data; and evaluate programs and interventions. This summary, along with those of two other symposia summaries and a more detailed discussion of insights and regional examples, will be incorporated in the IOM committee's final report on progress in preventing childhood obesity that will be released in the fall of 2006.

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ISBN 10

0309181135

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9780309181136

Measuring Progress in Obesity Prevention

Workshop Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

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Measuring Progress in Obesity Prevention

Workshop Report

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

Nearly 69 percent of U.S. adults and 32 percent of children are either overweight or obese, creating an annual medical cost burden that may reach $147 billion. Researchers and policy makers are eager to identify improved measures of environmental and policy factors that contribute to obesity prevention. The IOM formed the Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention to review the IOM's past obesity-related recommendations, identify a set of recommendations for future action, and recommend indicators of progress in implementing these actions. The committee held a workshop in March 2011 about how to improve measurement of progress in obesity prevention.

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158

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309222397

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9780309222396

Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise

Lessons from Lower-Income Countries: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety,Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

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Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise

Lessons from Lower-Income Countries: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety,Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

In September 2014, the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education and the Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety of the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop on empowering women and strengthening health systems and services through investing in nursing and midwifery enterprise. Experts in women's empowerment, development, health systems' capacity building, social enterprise and finance, and nursing and midwifery explored the intersections between and among these domains. Innovative and promising models for more sustainable health care delivery that embed women's empowerment in their missions were examined. Participants also discussed uptake and scale; adaptation, translation, and replication; financing; and collaboration and partnership. Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. This report highlights examples and explores broad frameworks for existing and potential intersections of different sectors that could lead to better health and well-being of women around the world, and how lessons learned from these examples might be applied in the United States.

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126

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309316758

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9780309316750

Unequal Treatment

Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (with CD)

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care

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Unequal Treatment

Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (with CD)

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

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781

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030908265X

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9780309082655

Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

How Do We Measure Up?

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

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Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

How Do We Measure Up?

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

The remarkable increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and youth in the United States over a relatively short timespan represents one of the defining public health challenges of the 21st century. The country is beginning to recognize childhood obesity as a major public health epidemic that will incur substantial costs to the nation. However, the current level of investment by the public and private sectors still does not match the extent of the problem. There is a substantial underinvestment of resources to adequately address the scope of this obesity crisis. At this early phase in addressing the epidemic, actions have begun on a number of levels to improve the dietary patterns and to increase the physical activity levels of young people. Schools, corporations, youth-related organizations, families, communities, foundations, and government agencies are working to implement a variety of policy changes, new programs, and other interventions. These efforts, however, generally remain fragmented and small in scale. Moreover, the lack of systematic monitoring and evaluation of interventions have hindered the development of an evidence base to identify, apply, and disseminate lessons learned and to support promising efforts to prevent childhood obesity. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up? examines the progress made by obesity prevention initiatives in the United States from 2004 to 2006. This book emphasizes a call to action for key stakeholders and sectors to commit to and demonstrate leadership in childhood obesity prevention, evaluates all policies and programs, monitors their progress, and encourages stakeholders to widely disseminate promising practices. This book will be of interest to federal, state, and local government agencies; educators and schools; public health and health care professionals; private-sector companies and industry trade groups; media; parents; and those involved in implementing community-based programs and consumer advocacy.

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494

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030913384X

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9780309133845

Educating the Student Body

Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment

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Educating the Student Body

Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment

Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

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503

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309283132

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9780309283137

Communities in Action

Pathways to Health Equity

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States

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Communities in Action

Pathways to Health Equity

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

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583

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309452996

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9780309452991

Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

Solving the Weight of the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

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Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

Solving the Weight of the Nation

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

One-third of adults are now obese, and children's obesity rates have climbed from 5 to 17 percent in the past 30 years. The causes of the nation's obesity epidemic are multi-factorial, having much more to do with the absence of sidewalks and the limited availability of healthy and affordable foods than a lack of personal responsibility. The broad societal changes that are needed to prevent obesity will inevitably affect activity and eating environments and settings for all ages. Many aspects of the obesity problem have been identified and discussed; however, there has not been complete agreement on what needs to be done to accelerate progress. Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention reviews previous studies and their recommendations and presents five key recommendations to accelerate meaningful change on a societal level during the next decade. The report suggests recommendations and strategies that, independently, can accelerate progress, but urges a systems approach of many strategies working in concert to maximize progress in accelerating obesity prevention. The recommendations in Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention include major reforms in access to and opportunities for physical activity; widespread reductions in the availability of unhealthy foods and beverages and increases in access to healthier options at affordable, competitive prices; an overhaul of the messages that surround Americans through marketing and education with respect to physical activity and food consumption; expansion of the obesity prevention support structure provided by health care providers, insurers, and employers; and schools as a major national focal point for obesity prevention. The report calls on all individuals, organizations, agencies, and sectors that do or can influence physical activity and nutrition environments to assess and begin to act on their potential roles as leaders in obesity prevention.

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478

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309221544

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9780309221542

No Time to Lose

Getting More from HIV Prevention

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on HIV Prevention Strategies in the United States

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No Time to Lose

Getting More from HIV Prevention

By: Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on HIV Prevention Strategies in the United States

The United States has spent two productive decades implementing a variety of prevention programs. While these efforts have slowed the rate of infection, challenges remain. The United States must refocus its efforts to contain the spread of HIV and AIDS in a way that would prevent as many new HIV infections as possible. No Time to Lose presents the Institute of Medicine's framework for a national prevention strategy.

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254

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309071372

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9780309071376

Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Women in Science and Engineering,Committee on Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

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Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

Based on a 2003 workshop, this study describes current public and private programs and recommends ways to recruit and retain more women and underrepresented minorities into clinical research, especially physician-scientists and nurses. Federal sponsors should improve data collection, evaluate existing training programs, and increase the diversity of study section review panels. Public and private sponsors should create funding mechanisms with flexible career paths, and universities and professional societies should both play enhanced roles in fostering diversity. A significant push is needed to recruit minorities into nursing and provide more clinical research training for nurse-scientists, nursing students, and nursing faculty.

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146

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309092485

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9780309092487

Beyond Bias and Barriers

Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering

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Beyond Bias and Barriers

Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering

The United States economy relies on the productivity, entrepreneurship, and creativity of its people. To maintain its scientific and engineering leadership amid increasing economic and educational globalization, the United States must aggressively pursue the innovative capacity of all its people—women and men. However, women face barriers to success in every field of science and engineering; obstacles that deprive the country of an important source of talent. Without a transformation of academic institutions to tackle such barriers, the future vitality of the U.S. research base and economy are in jeopardy. Beyond Bias and Barriers explains that eliminating gender bias in academia requires immediate overarching reform, including decisive action by university administrators, professional societies, federal funding agencies and foundations, government agencies, and Congress. If implemented and coordinated across public, private, and government sectors, the recommended actions will help to improve workplace environments for all employees while strengthening the foundations of America's competitiveness.

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347

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309100429

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9780309100427

Quality in Student Financial Aid Programs

A New Approach

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Quality Improvement in Student Financial Aid Programs

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Quality in Student Financial Aid Programs

A New Approach

Federal financial aid for postsecondary education students involves both large expenditures and a complex distribution system. The accuracy of the needs-based award process and the system of accountability required of the 8,000 institutional participants are the focus of this book. It assesses the current measures of system quality and possible alternatives, such as a total quality management approach. The analysis covers steps to eliminate sources of errorâ€"by reducing the complexity of the application form, for example. The volume discusses the potential for a risk-based approach for verification of applicant-supplied information and for audit and program reviews of institutions. This examination of the interrelationships among the aid award and quality control activities will be of interest to anyone searching for a more efficient aid system. The book can also serve as a case study for other government agencies seeking to examine operations using modern quality management principles.

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262

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030904877X

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9780309048774

Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies

Proceedings of a Russian-American Workshop

By: Russian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies

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Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies

Proceedings of a Russian-American Workshop

This report is the proceedings of a December 2001 international symposium in Washington, DC organized by the National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences. The symposium addressed (1) characteristics of peaceful management of tensions in multiethnic societies, particularly in Russia; (2) policies that have contributed to violence in such societies; (3) steps toward reconciliation; and (4) post-conflict reconstruction.

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236

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309089395

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9780309089395

Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

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Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

Problems stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol and other drugs are by no means a new phenomenon, although the face of the issues has changed in recent years. National trends indicate substantial increases in the abuse of prescription medications. These increases are particularly prominent within the military, a population that also continues to experience long-standing issues with alcohol abuse. The problem of substance abuse within the military has come under new scrutiny in the context of the two concurrent wars in which the United States has been engaged during the past decade-in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn). Increasing rates of alcohol and other drug misuse adversely affect military readiness, family readiness, and safety, thereby posing a significant public health problem for the Department of Defense (DoD). To better understand this problem, DoD requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) assess the adequacy of current protocols in place across DoD and the different branches of the military pertaining to the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces reviews the IOM's task of assessing access to SUD care for service members, members of the National Guard and Reserves, and military dependents, as well as the education and credentialing of SUD care providers, and offers specific recommendations to DoD on where and how improvements in these areas could be made.

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350

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309260558

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9780309260558

Subjective Well-Being

Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Measuring Subjective Well-Being in a Policy-Relevant Framework

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Subjective Well-Being

Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Measuring Subjective Well-Being in a Policy-Relevant Framework

Subjective well-being refers to how people experience and evaluate their lives and specific domains and activities in their lives. This information has already proven valuable to researchers, who have produced insights about the emotional states and experiences of people belonging to different groups, engaged in different activities, at different points in the life course, and involved in different family and community structures. Research has also revealed relationships between people's self-reported, subjectively assessed states and their behavior and decisions. Research on subjective well-being has been ongoing for decades, providing new information about the human condition. During the past decade, interest in the topic among policy makers, national statistical offices, academic researchers, the media, and the public has increased markedly because of its potential for shedding light on the economic, social, and health conditions of populations and for informing policy decisions across these domains. Subjective Well-Being: Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience explores the use of this measure in population surveys. This report reviews the current state of research and evaluates methods for the measurement. In this report, a range of potential experienced well-being data applications are cited, from cost-benefit studies of health care delivery to commuting and transportation planning, environmental valuation, and outdoor recreation resource monitoring, and even to assessment of end-of-life treatment options. Subjective Well-Being finds that, whether used to assess the consequence of people's situations and policies that might affect them or to explore determinants of outcomes, contextual and covariate data are needed alongside the subjective well-being measures. This report offers guidance about adopting subjective well-being measures in official government surveys to inform social and economic policies and considers whether research has advanced to a point which warrants the federal government collecting data that allow aspects of the population's subjective well-being to be tracked and associated with changing conditions.

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148

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309294495

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9780309294492

English Learners in STEM Subjects

Transforming Classrooms, Schools, and Lives

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on Science Education,Committee on Supporting English Learners in STEM Subjects

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English Learners in STEM Subjects

Transforming Classrooms, Schools, and Lives

The imperative that all students, including English learners (ELs), achieve high academic standards and have opportunities to participate in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning has become even more urgent and complex given shifts in science and mathematics standards. As a group, these students are underrepresented in STEM fields in college and in the workforce at a time when the demand for workers and professionals in STEM fields is unmet and increasing. However, English learners bring a wealth of resources to STEM learning, including knowledge and interest in STEM-related content that is born out of their experiences in their homes and communities, home languages, variation in discourse practices, and, in some cases, experiences with schooling in other countries. English Learners in STEM Subjects: Transforming Classrooms, Schools, and Lives examines the research on ELs' learning, teaching, and assessment in STEM subjects and provides guidance on how to improve learning outcomes in STEM for these students. This report considers the complex social and academic use of language delineated in the new mathematics and science standards, the diversity of the population of ELs, and the integration of English as a second language instruction with core instructional programs in STEM.

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345

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0309479088

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9780309479080

Book's by In collaboration with The California Endowment

Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

Measuring Progress in Obesity Prevention

Measuring Progress in Obesity Prevention

Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise

Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise

Unequal Treatment

Unequal Treatment

Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity

Educating the Student Body

Educating the Student Body

Communities in Action

Communities in Action

Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention

No Time to Lose

No Time to Lose

Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

Opportunities to Address Clinical Research Workforce Diversity Needs for 2010

Beyond Bias and Barriers

Beyond Bias and Barriers

Quality in Student Financial Aid Programs

Quality in Student Financial Aid Programs

Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies

Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies

Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

Subjective Well-Being

Subjective Well-Being

English Learners in STEM Subjects

English Learners in STEM Subjects

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