That neuropsychological performance is impaired in patients with affective disorders is now widely accepted, and there is growing evidence that attentional dysfunction (effortful attention in particular) is one of the major impairments normally observed. The present study aimed at defining the nature of attentional dysfunction in depression by means of tests designed to measure specific aspects of attention, such as sustained, selective, focused, divided attention, etc. We also tested the effect of increasing effortful attentional demands on subjects' performance. To that end, effort level was increased on the task variable that was considered to be the defining characteristic of each task. For example, the Stroop Color-Word is a test of perceptual interference, so that on the high effort condition we presented two types of interference - visual as well as auditory (recorded messages). Fourteen unipolar and thirteen bipolar patients were recruited from the inpatient psychiatry unit at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, based on DSM-III criteria and score on the Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD). An age and education matched control group (N=20) was recruited from hospital workers. Subjects were administered a battery of twenty neuropsychological tests, including: Computerized Stroop Test, Continuous Performance Test, Trail Making, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test, Finger Tapping & Controlled Word Generation, Visual Letter Search, Digit Span, and a Levels of Processing Memory task. For each of these tasks, a low and high effort levels were employed. Subjects filled out two self-report scales, Fatigue Assessment Inventory and Profile of Mood States, before and after testing. Both unipolar and bipolar patients exhibited severe depression as measured by the IDD. ANOVA procedures indicated that on most measures patients performed significantly poorly when compared to normal controls (p
The Causes and Consequences of Chromosomal Aberrations explores one of the most dramatic examples of genomic instability-chromosomal aberrations. It describes some of the more recent techniques used to map genes within the human genome, study chromosomal aberrations at the cellular level, and define the organization of the interphase nucleus. General overviews are provided to build a conceptual framework for understanding the generality and specificity of chromosomal aberrations. The Causes and Consequences of Chromosomal Aberrations also explores the role of recombinases and topoisomerases in the development of chromosomal aberrations. It contains studies of chromosomal aberrations, which offer separate instructive treatises on specific malignancies. The Causes and Consequences of Chromosomal Aberrations is useful to medical and graduate students, physicians, molecular biologists, and cytogeneticists. It will benefit anyone interested in the concepts, contributions, and development in the field of molecular cytogenetics.
The definitive guide to sonography in obstetrics and gynecology—thoroughly updated and enhanced by the addition of teaching cases Doody's Core Titles for 2021! This acclaimed guide is a clinically relevant reference text, an atlas, and a teaching/learning resource. Presented in full color and enriched by more than 2,000 illustrations, it expertly examines the full spectrum of disorders and conditions likely to be encountered in gynecologic and maternal-fetal care. You will find expert, all-inclusive coverage of everything from sonographic operating instruments and screening the fetal patient for syndromes and anomalies, to diagnosing the female patient for cysts, infertility, and incontinence. This edition has been updated to include coverage of the latest procedures and diagnostic guidelines for the use of sonography in ob/gyn, including 3D and 4D US and enhanced image processing, contrast enhanced sonography, ultrasound guided fetal therapy, sonographic evaluation of pelvic pain, and much more. The Eighth Edition also features an extensive series of teaching cases. Each case consists of the patient’s medical history, representative US images, cineloop videos, Q&A, and teaching points with references. Fleischer’s Sonography in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eighth Edition opens with general obstetric sonography, covering such pivotal topics as normal pelvic anatomy and fetal echocardiography, before moving into fetal anomalies and disorders. Risk assessment and therapy, including first trimester screening and amniocentesis, are explored in the next section, while the remaining parts of the book focus on maternal disorders, gynecologic sonography, and the newest complementary imaging modalities.
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