The monograph focuses on the European freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera, which is an endangered bivalve species. Most of its populations in the Russian section of the Baltic Sea basin had never been studied, although they were known in the past to the pearl fishers. “Rediscovery” included search for the previously unknown populations, revealing the facts of population extinctions, analysis of negative impacts, elaboration of conservation measures, and revealing of regularities in distribution. Patterns of land use and river management were analyzed. The procedure of “rediscovery” was applied for other animal species of Northwest Russia, which are threatened on a global scale – thick-shelled mussel, Unio crassus; curlew Numenius arquata; black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa; Northern Lapwing, Vanellus vanellus; European mink, Mustela lutreola; pond bat, Myotis dasycneme; Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser sturio; and broad-clawed crayfish, Astacus astacus. The methods and principles of conservation studies were discussed. The obtained data were analyzed with respect to current global change of biosphere. The book will appeal to specialists dealing with conservation studies and activities such as red lists, river protection, and conservation of endangered species. Moreover, a part of the book represents an interest for biogerontology as it presents discredit of the popular concept on “negligible senescence.” The data on distribution of some animals in Russia will be interesting in terms of zoology and biogeography, as they are not yet sufficiently represented in the international editions. The book can be used as supplemental reading for courses in biological invasions, ecology and conservation, and biodiversity. The work also contains chapters on global processes (deforestation, desertification, river degradation) and can therefore also be used for general courses in environmental sciences.
This medieval work details a treaty forged between the Russian prince Igor and the Byzantine Emperor Constantine, aimed at renewing peace and fostering love between their peoples. It includes the appointment of ambassadors and merchants, stipulations for trade, and severe consequences for any breaches of the agreement. The treaty emphasizes the importance of maintaining good relations, with specific guidelines on the treatment of captives, trade regulations, and military conduct. The document concludes with an oath of fidelity to uphold the treaty, invoking divine retribution for violations.
In this book, the authors derive the theory of elastic depolarizing collisions and describe their importance in some nonlinear electromagnetic phenomena in gaseous media. The formation of photon echo and a description of its various types in gaseous media are then presented. The authors show that the characteristics of the corresponding signals depend essentially on elastic depolarizing collisions. They also consider the advantages of a new kind of photon echo spectroscopy: polarization photon echo-spectroscopy. A high-level, specialized treatment, Depolarizing Collisions in Nonlinear Electrodynamics will appeal to researchers and advanced graduates in nonlinear optics and quantum electronics.
This book studies Vasily Kandinsky's (1866-1944) pre-1908 figurative art that formed the basis for his later abstractions. It analyzes many published and unpublished facts of the artist's life and work and brings together numerous historical comparative data from painting, literature, the social sciences, ethnography, folklore, esthetics, and philosophy. This study penetrates deeply into Kandinsky's inner world and breaks new ground by interpreting the artist's enigmatic early imagery as his personal many-layered symbolism that expresses his complex personality, his internal responses to Russian and Western European life and culture, and his quest for spiritual truths.
In 1939, a ten-year-old Igor Golomstock accompanied his mother, a medical doctor, to the vast network of labour camps in the Russian Far East. While she tended patients, he was minded by assorted 'trusty' prisoners – hardened criminals – and returned to Moscow an almost feral adolescent, fluent in obscene prison jargon but intellectually ignorant. Despite this dubious start he became a leading art historian and co-author (with his close friend Andrey Sinyavsky) of the first, deeply controversial, monograph on Picasso published in the Soviet Union. His writings on his 43 years in the Soviet Union offer a rare insight into life as a quietly subversive art historian and the post-Stalin dissident community. In vivid prose Golomstock shows the difficulties of publishing, curating and talking about Western art in Soviet Russia and, with self-deprecating humour, the absurd tragicomedy of life for the Moscow intelligentsia during Khruschev's thaw and Brezhnev's stagnation. He also offers a unique personal perspective on the 1966 trial of Sinyavsky and Yuri Daniel, widely considered the end of Khruschev's liberalism and the spark that ignited the Soviet dissident movement. In 1972 he was given 'permission' to leave the Soviet Union, but only after paying a 'ransom' of more than 25 years' salary, nominally intended to reimburse the state for his education. A remarkable collection of artists, scholars and intellectuals in Russia and the West, including Roland Penrose, came together to help him pay this astronomical sum. His memoirs of life once in the UK offer an insider's view of the BBC Russian Service and a penetrating analysis of the notorious feud between Sinyavsky and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Nominated for the Russian Booker Prize on its publication in Russian in 2014, The Ransomed Dissident opens a window onto the life of a remarkable man: a dissident of uncompromising moral integrity and with an outstanding gift for friendship.
A thorough, self-contained and easily accessible treatment of the theory on the polynomial best approximation of functions with respect to maximum norms. The topics include Chebychev theory, Weierstraß theorems, smoothness of functions, and continuation of functions.
Gauge field theories underlie all models now used in elementary particle physics. These theories refer to the class of singular theories which are also theories with constraints. The quantization of singular theories remains one of the key problems of quantum field theory and is being intensively discussed in the literature. This book is an attempt to fill the need for a comprehensive analysis of this problem, which has not heretofore been met by the available monographs and reviews. The main topics are canonical quantization and the path integral method. In addition, the Lagrangian BRST quantization is completely described, for the first time in a monograph. The book also presents a number of original results obtained by the authors, in particular, a complete description of the physical sector of an arbitrary gauge theory, quantization of singular theories with higher theories with time-dependent constraints, and correct derivatives, quantization of canonical quantization of theories of a relativistic point-like particle. As a general illustration we present quantization of field theories such as electrodynamics, Yang-Mills theory, and gravity. It should be noted that this monograph is aimed not only at giving the reader the rules of quantization according to the principle "if you do it this way, it will be good", but also at presenting strong arguments based on the modem interpretation of the classical and quantum theories which show that these methods· are the natural, if not the only possible ones.
This volume reviews the historical roots and theoretical foundations of biological systematics in an approachable text. The author outlines the structure and main tasks of systematics. Conceptual history is characterized as a succession of scientific revolutions. The philosophical foundations of systematic research are briefly reviewed as well as the structure and content of taxonomic theories. Most important research programs in systematics are outlined. The book includes analysis of the principal problematic issues as "scientific puzzles" in systematics. This volume is intended for professional taxonomists, biologists of various specialties, students, as well as all those interested in the history and theory of biology and natural sciences. Key Features Considers the conceptual history of systematics as the framework of evolutionary epistemology Builds a hierarchically organized quasi-axiomatic system of taxonomic theory Contends that more reductionist taxonomic concepts are less objective Supports taxonomic pluralism by non-classic philosophy of science as a normal condition of systematics Documents that "taxonomic puzzles" result from conflict between monistic and pluralistic attitudes Related Titles de Queiroz, K. et al., eds. Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode (ISBN 978-1-1383-3293-5) Sigwart, J. D. What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity (ISBN 978-1-4987-9937-9) Rieppel, O. Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to Hennig (ISBN 978-1-4987-5488-0) Wilkins, J. S. Species: The Evolution of the Idea, 2nd ed. (ISBN 978-1-1380-5574-2)
This book presents the theory and results of experimental studies of the propagation of infrasound waves in a real atmosphere with its inherent fine-scale layered structure of wind speed and temperature. It is motivated by the fact that the statistical characteristics of anisotropic (or layered) fluctuations of meteorological fields, the horizontal scales of which significantly exceed their vertical scales, have been very poorly studied compared to those of locally isotropic turbulence in the inertial range of scales. This book addresses this lacuna by developing a theory of the formation of anisotropic inhomogeneities of the atmosphere in a random field of internal gravity waves and vortex structures. Using theory, it explains numerous experimental data depicting the influence of the fine structure of the atmosphere on the propagation of infrasound waves from pulsed sources. The text will appeal to specialists in the fields of acoustics and optics of the atmosphere, remote sensing of the atmosphere, the dynamics of internal waves, nonlinear acoustics, and infrasound monitoring of explosions and natural hazards.
The Korean War (1950-1953) was the first - and only - full-scale air war in the jet age. It was in the skies of North Korea where Soviet and American pilots came together in fierce aerial clashes. The best pilots of the opposing systems, the most powerful air forces, and the most up-to-date aircraft in the world in this period of history came together in pitched air battles. The analysis of the air war showed that the powerful United States Air Force and its allies were unable to achieve complete superiority in the air and were unable to fulfill all the tasks they'd been given. Soviet pilots and Soviet jet fighters, which were in no way inferior to their opponents and in certain respects were even superior to them, was the reason for this. The combat experience and new tactical aerial combat tactics, which were tested for the first time in the skies of Korea, have been eagerly studied and applied by modern air forces around the world today. This book fully discusses the Soviet participation in the Korean War and presents a view of this war from the opposite side, which is still not well known in the West from the multitude of publications by Western historians. The reason for this, of course, is the fact that Soviet records pertaining to the Korean War were for a long time highly classified, since Soviet air units were fighting in the skies of North Korea "incognito", so to speak or even more so to write about this was strictly forbidden in the Soviet Union right up to its ultimate collapse. The given work is in essence the first major work in the post-Soviet era. First published in a small edition in Russian in 1998, it was republished in Russia in 2007. For the first time, the Western reader can become acquainted with the most detailed and informative work existing on the course of the air war from the Soviet side, now in English language. The work rests primarily on the recollections of veterans of this war on the so-called 'Red' side - Soviet fighter pilots, who took direct part in this war on the side of North Korea. Their stories have been supplemented with an enormous amount of archival documents, as well as the work of Western historians. The author presents a literal day-by-day chronicle of the aerial combats and combat work of Soviet fighter regiments in the period between 1950 and 1953, and dedicates this work to all the men on both sides who fought and died in the Korean air war.
This book examines Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and its derivatives Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI), and Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for characterizing particle motion in turbid mediums like suspensions and solutions. It focuses on non-invasive blood flow imaging in biological tissues, detailing technological advancements, practical applications, and inherent challenges. Essential for professionals in biomedical optics and medical fields, as well as physics and engineering students, the book highlights its use in brain, skin, and micro-circulation studies, providing key insights and practical guidance. Key Features: • Presents a deep dive into DLS and its derivative techniques. • Emphasizes practical applications, including brain blood flow monitoring, skin perfusion measurements, and micro-circulation characterization. • Delivers insights into the challenges and limitations associated with DLS-based blood flow imaging.
This exhaustive work in several volumes and over 2500 pages provides a thorough treatment of ultra-high temperature materials (with melting points around or over 2500 °C). The first volume focuses on carbon (graphene/graphite) and refractory metals (W, Re, Os, Ta, Mo, Nb and Ir), whilst the second and third are dedicated to refractory transition metal 4-5 groups carbides. Topics included are physical (structural, thermal, electro-magnetic, optical, mechanical, nuclear) and chemical (more than 3000 binary, ternary and multi-component systems, including those used for materials design, data on solid-state diffusion, wettability, interaction with various elements and compounds in solid and liquid states, gases and chemicals in aqueous solutions) properties of these materials. It will be of interest to researchers, engineers, postgraduate, graduate and undergraduate students alike. The readers/users are provided with the full qualitative and quantitative assessment, which is based on the latest updates in the field of fundamental physics and chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science, design and engineering.
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