This publication analyses energy policy and market trends in the member countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA), including: energy demand and supply changes over the last decade; fuel price trends for the past two years; progress in regulatory reform with an analysis of the electricity crisis in California; and actions taken by the IEA countries to meet their Kyoto targets. The publication presents summaries of the in-depth country reviews of Australia, Belgium, Czech Republic, New Zealand, Spain and Turkey carried out during 2000-01. Shorter reviews of policy developments in Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan and Switzerland are also included, as well as an overview of developments in non-member countries including Russia, Saudi Arabia, India and China. Key energy balances and energy statistics for all IEA countries are given.
This report reviews the US Government's energy policy and analyses its implications for the energy trade worldwide and global environmental issues. Topics considered are: general energy policy; energy and the environment; energy efficiency; electricity production, nuclear power; oil, coal and gas; renewable energy; research and development. The report finds that US energy policy is in transition, with the National Energy Policy placing increased emphasis on domestic energy production and economic growth. The US has withdrawn from the Kyoto Protocol and plans to pursue its own approach to the climate change issue. Energy efficiency is an important complement to expanding energy supply, but insufficient to match rising demand. The power crisis in California has slowed progress on market reform. The challenge for the electricity market is to create a small number of regional markets operating under consistent regulatory regimes. The National Energy Policy promotes nuclear energy, but no specific policies are proposed to encourage the construction of new plants. The decision on the Yucca Mountain repository will be important for the future of nuclear power worldwide.
Are you developing strategies for a future sustainable energy supply? Are you designing policies to deploy renewable energy technologies in your country? Are you looking for new tools and measures to make your policies more effective? Are you planning to make decisions on renewable energy investments in certain countries and are you checking their policy robustness? Let the IEA guide you into successful, efficient and effective policies and decisions for accelerating deployment of renewable energy. Learn about the six policy actions that are essential ingredients for your policy portfolio: Alliance Building Communicating Target Setting Integration in economic policies Optimizing existing instruments and Neutralizing disadvantages on the playing field This book shows why and how successful renewable energy strategies work. Many recent and actual examples of best cases and experiences in policies--based on literature and interviews--show how policies can best mobilize national and international renewable energy business and the financial institutions, while creating broad support. The book is an initiative of the IEA-RETD, an international agreement between nine countries to investigate and accelerate the deployment of renewable energy deployment. Presents you with a variety of policy options that have been proven to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy technologies Based on experiences around the world at the local, regional and national levels Includes the IEA’s ACTION star, a decision-making tool for developing a consolidated renewables policy framework Find inspiration in this guide’s depiction of the significant renewable energy developments to date and the many examples of successful policies featured
The International Energy Agency's 2001 review of the energy policies and programmes of Norway. It finds that oil and gas contribute about 40% of Norway's exports, and up to 16% of GDP, depending on world oil prices. The government used production controls as a means of influencing prices in 1986, in 1998 and again in 2002. Important changes are occurring in the oil and gas sector. Statoil has been partially privatised, the State Direct Financial Interest in oil and gas developments has been restructured, and the Gas Negotiations Committee is to be abolished. Private marketing of gas should be a guiding principle in future marketing policy, and depletion policy generally should balance the goals of optimising recovery with ensuring competition. Growth in energy consumption has been limited by government policies, but consumption is rising with strong economic growth. A new agency has been established to promote energy efficiency and new renewables. Norway has the highest per capita electricity consumption in the world. New large-scale hydro is unlikely, and the future of gas-fired power is uncertain. New generating and transmission capacity may be necessary to avoid price instability or even failure of supply in a dry year. There are limited opportunities for reducing greenhouse gases in the energy sector in Norway because of the extensive use of hydro in electricity generation. The Kyoto flexible mechanisms are therefore particularly important. Decisions on developing new generating capacity will also be influenced by environmental policies.
This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries. Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and hard coal and brown coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by source and origin. Moreover, oil and hard coal production are reported on a worldwide basis.
Japan has ratified the Kyoto protocol and is implementing its 2002 climate change plan. The country has developed an impressive range of policies to address rising CO2 emissions from the energy sector. Some of the measures could be strengthened however, and made more cost-effective.
Heating and cooling represent significant energy loads around the world, with the associated high level of carbon emissions. Many countries have commitments in place to derive an increasing proportion of the energy they use for heating and cooling from renewable sources; some are seeing greater success than others in moving towards these targets. This best practices handbook from the International Energy Agency's Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (RETD) Implementing Agreement provides energy policymakers and professionals in the renewable energy industry with a practical, easy to use guide and toolkit to the most effective policy options for deploying renewable energy for heating and cooling in the residential sector. The book opens with a comparative review of renewable energy for heating and cooling policies in a broad range of IEA member countries in Europe, Asia and North America and then goes on to present the policy approaches of the individual countries and more detailed studies of specific programmes. The second part of the book presents readers with flowcharts which allow them to navigate directly to the best practices which are most relevant to their situation. Planning, design and implementation are all covered, each with examination of the possible barriers that may be faced and the most appropriate policy response used to date. pUlished with IEA-RETD.
The International Energy Agency's periodic review of Canada's energy policies and programmes. This 2010 edition finds that Canada, with its diverse and balanced portfolio of energy resources, is one of the largest producers and exporters of energy among IEA member countries. The energy sector plays an increasingly important role for the Canadian economy and for global energy security, as its abundant resource base has the potential to deliver even greater volumes of energy. . The federal, provincial and territorial governments of Canada are all strongly committed to the sustainable developme.
Focuses on electricity deregulation and on policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But gas supply depletion and the 1998 Auckland power failure are reminders of the fundamental importance of energy security. New Zealand is working towards ratifying the Kyoto Protocol by mid-2002, the only OECD country to make such a commitment outside the European Union.
A team of energy experts from 15 agencies worked under the leadership of the World Bank and the International Energy Agency to produce this comprehensive snapshot of the status of more than 170 countries with respect to energy access, action on energy efficiency and renewable energy, and energy consumption. The report’s framework for data collection and analysis will enable us to monitor progress on the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) objectives from now to 2030. The report also shows how different countries can boost progress toward sustainable energy. Reaching universal energy access depends decisively on actions in some 20 "high-impact" countries in Africa and Asia. Attaining the global objectives for energy efficiency and renewable energy hinges on efforts in some 20 developed and emerging economies that account for 80 percent of global energy consumption. Finally, the report identifies a number of "fast-moving" countries whose exceptionally rapid progress on the triple energy agenda since 1990 provides not just inspiration, but know-how that can help us replicate their success elsewhere.
This IEA report provides a comprehensive, in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Italy, including recommendations on future policy developments. The Italian government is undertaking major reforms in the energy sector. It has started to decentralise energy policy, giving more responsibilities to regions and local authorities. Thus, co-ordination across regions and with the national government is becoming an important issue. In February 1999, competition was introduced in the electricity sector. The Government is also preparing a Legislative Decree to implement the EU Directive on natural gas. In enforcing competition, attention needs to be given to the dominant position of national companies in the electricity, natural gas and oil sectors. Italy has high taxes on energy in comparison with other IEA countries. This has encouraged the country's low energy intensity. In addition, in December 1998, the Government introduced a CO2 tax. Tax policy needs a long-term strategy which would better reflect the external cost of using energy and make the tax structure consistent across the different sectors and fuels. The report also recommends that the Government take further measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to meet the Kyoto target.
Business Models for Renewable Energy in the Built Environment provides insight to policy makers and market actors as to the ways that new and innovative business models (and/or policy measures) can stimulate the deployment of renewable energy technologies (RET) and energy efficiency (EE) measures in this field. This project was initiated and funded by the IEA Implementing Agreement for Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA-RETD). It analyses ten business models in three categories, covering different types of energy service companies (ESCO’s). Included developing properties certified with a ‘green’ building label building owners profiting from rent increases after EE measures property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing on-bill financing leasing of RET equipment. Coverage extends to the organisational and financial structure of the models and the existing market and policy context, plus analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). The book concludes with recommendations for policy makers and other market actors on how to encourage and accelerate built environment renewable energy technologies.
Wave, tidal and offshore wind technologies have long held the promise of seemingly limitless energy supplies. In practice, while offshore wind is growing relatively rapidly, all three sectors have lagged behind expectations. This book, from the International Energy Authority Renewable Energy Technology Deployment implementing agreement (IEA-RETD), examines the reasons for this and suggests how barriers to deployment might be overcome. Beginning with an assessment of the marine energy resource, it provides a detailed introduction to the main technologies currently being employed to harness wind, tidal and offshore wind power. It then examines the types of policies which are used to encourage deployment around the world, and progress towards meeting targets. The economics of offshore energy projects are discussed, along with risks that projects face and the types of finance which are available. A final section turns to barriers - both technical and non-technical (including environmental, health and safety, skill related, supply chain and more) - and in all cases suggests how to mitigate and remove these barriers. Highly illustrated in full colour, this is an indispensable resource for anyone - whether in industry, policy or academia - looking to learn more about how deployment of offshore renewable energy technologies can be encouraged.
This preliminary report presents initial findings from the second International Study of Science Achievement that was conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in the period 1983 to 1986. Achievement results for three school population levels are presented together with some special analysis on growth in achievement between population levels and on sex differences in science achievement.
This is the 4th edition of this publication which analyses trends and developments in the renewable and waste energy markets in OECD member states, as well as selected data on non-OECD countries. Data covers production, trade, transformation to electricity and heat, final consumption and installed generating capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. By IEA definition, renewable energy sources include combustible renewables and waste (solid biomass, charcoal, renewable municipal solid waste, gas from biomass and liquid biomass), hydro, solar, wind and tidal energy. Findings include that, during 2003, 13.3 per cent of world total primary energy supply was produced from renewable energy sources.
This comprehensive reference book contains information on current trends in the world coal market covering prices, demand, trade, supply and production capacity, as well as detailed country specific data on OECD and key non-OECD coal producing and consuming countries. It also contains data for coal-fired power stations in coal consuming countries and coal ports in exporting and importing countries, as well as a summary of environmental policies as they affect coal consumption, including particulate, sulphur dioxide, and nitrous oxide emission limits for new and existing boilers in OECD countries.
This reference book includes data on current developments in oil supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions.Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination.
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