This user-friendly textbook offers students an overview of each aspect of the marketing process, explored uniquely from the value perspective. Delivering value to customers is an integral part of contemporary marketing. For a firm to deliver value, it must consider its total market offering – including the reputation of the organization, staff representation, product benefits, and technological characteristics – and benchmark this against competitors' market offerings and prices. Principles of Marketing takes this thoroughly into account and ensures that students develop a strong understanding of these essential values. The book also looks in detail at the impact of social media upon marketing practices and customer relationships, and the dramatic impact that new technologies have had on the marketing environment. Written by a team of experienced instructors, Principles of Marketing is an ideal companion for all undergraduate students taking an introductory course in marketing.
This book covers the current trends and challenges faced by regulators, policymakers, and researchers in the field of retail electricity market design and regulation. It addresses the role that “smart” technologies are playing in reshaping how utilities and consumers interact with each other and with their generating technologies. The book covers topics including smart meter adoption, dynamic pricing, demand response, distributed and utility-scale solar, technology costs trends, and the microeconomic theory that governs our understanding of retailer and consumer incentives. Existing inefficiencies of transmission and distribution network pricing as well as the potential regulatory approaches that can be used to remedy them are discussed along with the advantages of retail competition and draw attention to the barriers that currently are preventing all of the benefits of retail competition from materializing. The book uses very recent data to provide the most up-to-date overview of retailing trends and policies in the USA, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. The book will be useful for researchers and regulators and policymakers.
Exam Board: AQA Level: AS/A-level Subject: Business First Teaching: September 2015 First Exam: June 2016 Develop understanding of business arguments and reasoning, with a clear progression pathway and case studies that illustrate core points. Ian Marcouse has been trusted by Business students for over 15 years and his updated textbook has been fully revised to reflect the 2015 AQA Business specification, giving you up-to-date material that supports your teaching and student's learning. - Guides students through the content in an easy to understand way, with the new 'logic chain' feature at the start of every chapter showing them the progression clearly - Helps students apply their knowledge and analyse business data with real business examples throughout - Consolidates students' learning and prepares them for assessment with the workbook feature at the end of every chapter containing knowledge check and practice questions
This volume provides an in-depth review of major economic developments in those economies which are in some stage of transition, following the collapse of communism in the Eastern block. The book is divided into four parts: * theoretical issues in the transition from command to market economies * the events in the fifteeen independent countries of the former Soviet Union * Eastern Europe * non-European states In all, the author chronicles events from 1993 to 1995 in thirty-five countries. Economic developments are set in their political context and presented chronologically as far as possible. A Guide to the Economies in Transition carries on where Ian Jeffries' previous book left off. The work is entirely new and, as such, can be seen as a companion to the earlier title. These books are becoming known as invaluable guides, providing unique levels of reference in work of this type.
Exam Board: AQA Level: AS/A-level Subject: Business First Teaching: September 2015 First Exam: June 2016 Ian Marcousé has been trusted by Business students for over 15 years and his updated textbook has been fully revised to reflect the 2015 AQA Business specification, giving you up-to-date material that supports your teaching and student's learning. - Guides students through the content in an easy to understand way, with the new 'logic chain' feature at the start of every chapter showing them the progression clearly - Helps students apply their knowledge and analyse business data with real business examples throughout - Consolidates students' learning and prepares them for assessment with the workbook feature at the end of every chapter containing knowledge check and practice questions
The fifth edition of Introduction to Corporate Finance is a student friendly and engaging course that provides the most thorough, accessible, accurate, and current coverage of the theory and application of corporate finance within a uniquely Canadian context. Introduction to Corporate Finance will provide students with the skills they need to succeed not only in the course, but in their future careers.
Urgent and aggressive action to cut greenhouse gas emissions this decade is needed. As countries take stock of the Paris Agreement, this Note provides IMF staff’s annual assessment of global climate mitigation policy. Global ambition needs to be more than quadrupled: emissions cuts of 50 percent below 2019 levels by 2030 are needed for 1.5 degrees Celsius, but current targets would only achieve 11 percent. We provide options for ratcheting-up ambition equitably. Implementation could be accelerated via agreements on minimum carbon prices. Drastic increases in mitigation investment are needed, requiring policies to shift private sector incentives. Climate finance should be scaled-up, with a new goal aligned with needs in developing countries. The development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies should be accelerated collaboratively. Overall, the Paris Agreement is making progress, but a response to the Global Stocktake that prioritizes decisive action this decade is critical.
Drawing extensively on empirical studies from the US, UK, Australia, and New Zealand, John Braithwaite and Ian Ayres offer an well-argued addition to the comparative literature on government regulation. In an effort to transcend the ongoing debate between those who favour strong state regulation and those who call for deregulation, they argue that regulation does not have to proceed with an adversarial tone, nor does it have to be 'soft' or 'hard' to be effective.
The need to decarbonize international aviation and maritime has long been overlooked. The two sectors account for a small but rapidly growing share of global CO2 emissions, and could rise to as much as 15 to 40 percent by 2040. Pricing these emissions could help global climate policy in two ways. First, it could accelerate technological development while incentivizing efficiency, kick-starting the sectors’ transition to net zero while addressing the sectors’ hitherto favorable tax treatment. Second, pricing could raise up to $200 billion a year in revenues by 2035, which could be allocated to climate finance or other uses. There are significant political obstacles, however, notably reaching consensus on revenue allocation and managing price impacts, which are substantive for flight tickets but less so for shipped goods. Pricing variants, like ‘fee and rebate’ schemes (feebates), have lower price impacts but raise fewer revenues. This paper discusses these policies, using a new model to quantify impacts on fuel use, emissions, revenues, production and economic costs, and on vulnerable states..
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect supply and environmental costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by charging below efficient fuel prices. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $7 trillion in 2022 or 7.1 percent of GDP. Explicit subsidies (undercharging for supply costs) have more than doubled since 2020 but are still only 18 percent of the total subsidy, while nearly 60 percent is due to undercharging for global warming and local air pollution. Differences between efficient prices and retail fuel prices are large and pervasive, for example, 80 percent of global coal consumption was priced at below half of its efficient level in 2022. Full fossil fuel price reform would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions to an estimated 43 percent below baseline levels in 2030 (in line with keeping global warming to 1.5-2oC), while raising revenues worth 3.6 percent of global GDP and preventing 1.6 million local air pollution deaths per year. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 170 countries.
This paper discusses the mechanics and implications of municipal concessions in the Philippines which govern the use of municipal waters for fish corrals, oyster culture beds and gathering of milkfish fry. These concessions or territorial use rights are awarded annually by the resource owner (the municipality) to the highest bidder. In the case of milkfish fry gathering, the concessionaire assumes monopsonist rights of first purchase from fry gatherers. The implications of this system for economic efficiency and equity are discussed theoretically with supporting data from milkfish fry concessions in Antique Province. It is concluded that the system increases economic efficiency in resource use and generates significant income for municipalities which they can then redistribute as they see fit, and therefore not necessarily for the special benefit of the fishermen.
A totally revised new edition of the bestselling guide to business school basics The bestselling book that invented the "MBA in a book" category, The Portable MBA Fifth Edition is a reliable and information-packed guide to the business school curriculum and experience. For years, professionals who need MBA-level information and insight-but don't need the hassle of business school-have turned to the Portable MBA series for the very best, most up-to-date coverage of the business basics. This new revised and expanded edition continues that long tradition with practical, real-world business insight from faculty members from the prestigious Darden School at the University of Virginia. With 50 percent new material, including new chapters on such topics as emerging economies, enterprise risk management, consumer behavior, managing teams, and up-to-date career advice, this is the best Portable MBA ever. Covers all the core topics you'd learn in business school, including finance, accounting, marketing, economics, ethics, operations management, management and leadership, and strategy. Every chapter is totally updated and seven new chapters have been added on vital business topics Includes case studies and interactive web-based examples Whether you own your own small business or work in a major corporate office, The Portable MBA gives you the comprehensive information and rich understanding of the business world that you need.
The purpose of this book is to provide a framework for understanding the complex and multifaceted nature of the factors that affect destination competitiveness. It provides guidance on how to create successful destinations by developing and presenting a conceptual model of destination competitiveness that recognizes the importance of sustainability for long-term success. The book is both theoretically sound and managerially useful. It is intended to appeal to both academic researchers and industry professionals and practitioners. Anyone with an interest in the enhancement of a destination's competitiveness from nations to small towns or regions will find this book invaluable.
Ian Marcousé's accessible and engaging textbooks brought together in one updated volume covering everything your students need to know for the Pearson Edexcel A level Business specification. - Breaks content down into short, clear chapters - covering all topics in the depth students need - Updated business examples throughout the text and in end of unit case studies bring the subject to life - A range of questions and activities provide students with the opportunity to apply what they know and practise questions - Builds students' confidence with key terms used in context and compiled in an accessible glossary - Supported by an Answer Guide to assist teaching and save time This Student Book has been endorsed for use with the Pearson Edexcel A Level Business qualification.
New Generation Whole-Life Costing presents an innovative approach to decision-making and risk management for construction and real estate. It applies the options-based approach that has revolutionized the management of uncertainty in the business world. Based on government-sponsored research at Cambridge Architectural Research Ltd., the book introduces the idea of 'lifecycle options'. The desirability of whole-life costing is widely accepted, but take-up levels have been low. One problem is that traditional techniques fail to take account of future uncertainty. In contrast, the new options-based approach considers a diversity of possible futures, and favours flexible strategies that incorporate lifecycle options. This approach leads to more cost-effective and sustainable decisions, minimizing the risk of under- or over-investment. This book is structured around realistic case studies that demonstrate the prevalence of lifecycle options. These case studies are backed up by clear presentation of basic principles and mathematical techniques allowing the book to be read either as a stimulating introduction to new concepts, or as a guide to mathematical methods.
Current approaches to marketing strategy are divided between the classic strategic marketing traditions and newer approaches such as relationship marketing. New Marketing Strategies offers students a clear overview of the different theories and approaches whilst at the same time providing them with a flexible approach to developing marketing strategy. Different concepts such as transactional relationships and entrepreneurial marketing are shown to be useful in different settings. The author explores these fully, whilst showing how they may be effectively combined to create useful, mixed strategic models. This is an essential text for advanced students of strategic marketing. On-line support materials can
The Economics of Land Use brings together the most significant journal essays in key areas of contemporary agricultural, food and resource economics and land use policy. The editors provide a state-of-the-art overview of the topic and access to the economic literature that has shaped contemporary perspectives on land use analysis and policy.
The book challenges the orthodox argument that rural populations which abandoned self-sufficiency to become single commodity producers, and were supposedly very vulnerable to the commodity price collapse of the 1930s Depression, did not suffer as much as has been supposed. It shows how the effects of the depression were complicated, varying between regions, between different kinds of economic actors, and over time, and shows how the 'victims' of the depression were not passive, working imaginatively to mitigate their circumstances.
Exam Board: Edexcel Level: AS/A-level Subject: Business First Teaching: September 2015 First Exam: June 2016 Topics are broken down to short, clear chapters, that are all structured in the same way, so students can build their understanding with ease - Covers each syllabus area in the detail you need, with exercises that have enough depth and variety to give full class and homework coverage - Brings the business world into the classroom with real examples used extensively throughout the text, in extra cases and in end-of-chapter exercises - Features to help reinforce student understanding - in every chapter there's Real Business, an Evaluation and Logic Chain, but also the brand new '5 Whys and a How' which will help students tackle exam questions
Great programmers aren't born--they're made. The industry is moving from object-oriented languages to functional languages, and you need to commit to radical improvement. New programming languages arm you with the tools and idioms you need to refine your craft. While other language primers take you through basic installation and "Hello, World," we aim higher. Each language in Seven More Languages in Seven Weeks will take you on a step-by-step journey through the most important paradigms of our time. You'll learn seven exciting languages: Lua, Factor, Elixir, Elm, Julia, MiniKanren, and Idris. Learn from the award-winning programming series that inspired the Elixir language. Hear how other programmers across broadly different communities solve problems important enough to compel language development. Expand your perspective, and learn to solve multicore and distribution problems. In each language, you'll solve a non-trivial problem, using the techniques that make that language special. Write a fully functional game in Elm, without a single callback, that compiles to JavaScript so you can deploy it in any browser. Write a logic program in Clojure using a programming model, MiniKanren, that is as powerful as Prolog but much better at interacting with the outside world. Build a distributed program in Elixir with Lisp-style macros, rich Ruby-like syntax, and the richness of the Erlang virtual machine. Build your own object layer in Lua, a statistical program in Julia, a proof in code with Idris, and a quiz game in Factor. When you're done, you'll have written programs in five different programming paradigms that were written on three different continents. You'll have explored four languages on the leading edge, invented in the past five years, and three more radically different languages, each with something significant to teach you.
Numerous examples and diagrams illustrate the key arguments, and the main chapters are followed by guides to the relevant literature and exercises for students.
Issues of the Day provides an easy way for students, academics, journalists, policymakers, and the public to learn about a diverse range of policy issues affecting the environment, energy, transportation, and public health. Each commentary gives a short assessment of a topic, summarizing in a non-technical way the current state of analysis or evidence on the issue, along with selected recommendations for further reading. The essays are written by world renowned scholars, mostly economists, and provide useful insights on policy problems that are often complex and poorly understood. Some of the topics covered include air pollution, hazardous waste, voluntary environmental programs, domestic (U.S.) and global climate policy design, fishery management, water quality, endangered species, forest fires, oil security, solar power, road and airport, fuel taxes and fuel economy standards, alternative fuel vehicles, health and longevity, smoking, malaria, tuberculosis, and the environment and development. The objective is to disseminate the findings of sound, objective research on the costs, benefits, and appropriate reform of public policies. The book provides a useful supplement for undergraduate- and graduate-level course reading, a reference guide for professionals, and a way for the general reader to quickly develop an informed perspective on the most important policy problems of the day. Issues of the Day is available to download as a PDF from the Resources for the Future website: www.rff.org/weeklycommentary
The rapid changes in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union are often bewildering, with many frequent, highly significant changes in the different sectors of the economy and the political system. There have been frequent changes of personnel in government and economic management and many changes have been reversed - and sometimes forgotten, or at other times reinstated. What happened when? Who was responsible for what? Did such a change in one sector precede or follow a particular change elsewhere? These are points not easily remembered. This book provides full details of the many changes, and enables sense to be made of what would otherwise be a confusing situation. Developments are arranged chronologically by sector, and the book is unusual in extensively chronicling both economic and political developments and the crucial connections between them. There is a generous introduction and overview to help the reader find his or her way around. The material covers the period up to late autumn 2000, and thus offers a valuable guide to policies in the Putin era.
Mastering Marketing provides a clearly written explanation of the core skills and concepts needed to market a business profitably. Offering more than just short-term selling tricks, it provides techniques for building and maintaining a long-term profitable market position. It is ideal for those working in marketing for the first time, managers in other functions--i.e. finance, HR, production--who need to understand this crucial role in the organization, in-company training courses, and business degree and MBA courses.
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.
Printed on Demand. Limited stock is held for this title. If you would like to order 30 copies or more please contact books@worldbank.org Contact books@worldbank.org, if currently unavailable. In developing and transition economies, 60 to 80 percent of all passenger and freight transport moves by road-the main form of access for most rural communities. Yet most of the 11 million kilometers of roads in these economies are badly maintained and poorly managed. This paper discusses one of the most effective ways to promote sound policies for managing and financing road networks--commercialization. It discusses the emerging central concept of bringing roads into the marketplace, putting them on a fee-for-service basis, and managing them like a business.
If you're a woman and you shop for a new car, will you really get the best deal? If you're a man, will you fare better? If you're a black man waiting to receive an organ transplant, will you have to wait longer than a white man? In Pervasive Prejudice? Ian Ayres confronts these questions and more. In a series of important studies he finds overwhelming evidence that in a variety of markets—retail car sales, bail bonding, kidney transplantation, and FCC licensing—blacks and females are consistently at a disadvantage. For example, when Ayres sent out agents of different races and genders posing as potential buyers to more than 200 car dealerships in Chicago, he found that dealers regularly charged blacks and women more than they charged white men. Other tests revealed that it is commonly more difficult for blacks than whites to receive a kidney transplant because of federal regulations. Moreover, Ayres found that minority male defendants are frequently required to post higher bail bonds than their Caucasian counterparts. Traditional economic theory predicts that free markets should drive out discrimination, but Ayres's startling findings challenge that position. Along with empirical research, Ayres offers game—theoretic and other economic methodologies to show how prejudice can enter the bargaining process even when participants are supposedly acting as rational economic agents. He also responds to critics of his previously published studies included here. These studies suggest that race and gender discrimination is neither a thing of the past nor merely limited to the handful of markets that have been the traditional focus of civil rights laws.
Energy taxes can produce substantial environmental and revenue benefits and are an important component of countries’ fiscal systems. Although the principle that these taxes should reflect global warming, air pollution, road congestion, and other adverse environmental impacts of energy use is well established, there has been little previous work providing guidance on how countries can put this principle into practice. This book develops a practical methodology, and associated tools, to show how the major environmental damages from energy can be quantified for different countries and used to design the efficient set of energy taxes.
This handbook provides the reader with the basics and fundamentals of small business. It contains practical advice and information on topics such as managing staff and training and education.
* Timely information on the environmental impact of polymer recycling. * Ample sample questions and answers in chapters. * Provides material on the economics and legislation of recycling, and on LCA. * Examines the advantages and disadvantages of polymer recycling.
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