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Molecular Mechanisms of Body Water Homeostasis

By: Carolyn M. Ecelbarger,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Hwal Lee,Swasti Tiwari

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Molecular Mechanisms of Body Water Homeostasis

By: Carolyn M. Ecelbarger,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Hwal Lee,Swasti Tiwari

This book discusses our intimate relationship with and dependence on water, how the body regulates its water levels, and various pathophysiological states associated with impairments in body water homeostasis. The human body consists of 70–80% water. Therefore, concise control of water homeostasis is essential to survival and involves coordination of several systems, but primarily the brain and kidney systems. Water requirements of the average healthy human range between 2–4 L/d, and a major portion of this can come from food sources. The major hormonal regulator of water balance is the anti-diuretic hormone, vasopressin. Vasopressin, a 9–amino acid peptide, is produced in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary, and secreted when plasma osmolality rises. Vasopressin acts on the kidney to conserve water. The kidneys filter ∼180 L of blood per day, consisting of about 50–65% water, and reabsorb around 99% of this in the proximal tubule, distal tubule, and collecting duct, producing only 1–2 L of urine. The vasopressin-sensitive distal tubule and collecting duct are responsible for fine-tuning water reabsorption. Conditions exist, however, where urine cannot be concentrated effectively. This is known as diabetes insipidus and can lead to dehydration and failure to thrive. At the other extreme, hyponatremia (low serum sodium) is the inability to adequately dilute urine or get rid of free body water in excess of body needs, a serious and sometimes fatal condition.

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Page Count

112

Publisher

Biota Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1615047336

ISBN 13

9781615047338

Molecular Mechanisms of Body Water Homeostasis

By: Carolyn M. Ecelbarger,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Hwal Lee,Swasti Tiwari

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Molecular Mechanisms of Body Water Homeostasis

By: Carolyn M. Ecelbarger,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Hwal Lee,Swasti Tiwari

This book discusses our intimate relationship with and dependence on water, how the body regulates its water levels, and various pathophysiological states associated with impairments in body water homeostasis. The human body consists of 70–80% water. Therefore, concise control of water homeostasis is essential to survival and involves coordination of several systems, but primarily the brain and kidney systems. Water requirements of the average healthy human range between 2–4 L/d, and a major portion of this can come from food sources. The major hormonal regulator of water balance is the anti-diuretic hormone, vasopressin. Vasopressin, a 9–amino acid peptide, is produced in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary, and secreted when plasma osmolality rises. Vasopressin acts on the kidney to conserve water. The kidneys filter ∼180 L of blood per day, consisting of about 50–65% water, and reabsorb around 99% of this in the proximal tubule, distal tubule, and collecting duct, producing only 1–2 L of urine. The vasopressin-sensitive distal tubule and collecting duct are responsible for fine-tuning water reabsorption. Conditions exist, however, where urine cannot be concentrated effectively. This is known as diabetes insipidus and can lead to dehydration and failure to thrive. At the other extreme, hyponatremia (low serum sodium) is the inability to adequately dilute urine or get rid of free body water in excess of body needs, a serious and sometimes fatal condition.

Average ratings

N/A

5

0%

4

0%

3

0%

2

0%

1

0%

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

112

Publisher

Biota Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1615047336

ISBN 13

9781615047338