Human and the Lights's Books

The Future of Air Traffic Control

Human Operators and Automation

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation

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The Future of Air Traffic Control

Human Operators and Automation

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation

Automation in air traffic control may increase efficiency, but it also raises questions about adequate human control over automated systems. Following on the panel's first volume on air traffic control automation, Flight to the Future (NRC, 1997), this book focuses on the interaction of pilots and air traffic controllers, with a growing network of automated functions in the airspace system. The panel offers recommendations for development of human-centered automation, addressing key areas such as providing levels of automation that are appropriate to levels of risk, examining procedures for recovery from emergencies, free flight versus ground-based authority, and more. The book explores ways in which technology can build on human strengths and compensate for human vulnerabilities, minimizing both mistrust of automation and complacency about its abilities. The panel presents an overview of emerging technologies and trends toward automation within the national airspace systemâ€"in areas such as global positioning and other aspects of surveillance, flight information provided to pilots an controllers, collision avoidance, strategic long-term planning, and systems for training and maintenance. The book examines how to achieve better integration of research and development, including the importance of user involvement in air traffic control. It also discusses how to harmonize the wide range of functions in the national airspace system, with a detailed review of the free flight initiative.

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Page Count

343

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309064120

ISBN 13

9780309064125

TIP 29: Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People With Physical and Cognitive Disabilities

By: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

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TIP 29: Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People With Physical and Cognitive Disabilities

By: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

The Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) series fulfills the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA's) mission to improve prevention and treatment of substance use and mental disorders by providing best practices guidance to clinicians, program administrators, and payers. TIPs are the result of careful consideration of all relevant clinical and health services research findings, demonstration experience, and implementation requirements. A panel of non-Federal clinical researchers, clinicians, program administrators, and patient advocates debates and discusses their particular area of expertise until they reach a consensus on best practices. This panel's work is then reviewed and critiqued by field reviewers.

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Page Count

182

Publisher

Lulu.com

Published Date

ISBN 10

1794760067

ISBN 13

9781794760066

New Tools for Environmental Protection

Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change

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New Tools for Environmental Protection

Education, Information, and Voluntary Measures

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change

Many people believe that environmental regulation has passed a point of diminishing returns: the quick fixes have been achieved and the main sources of pollution are shifting from large "point sources" to more diffuse sources that are more difficult and expensive to regulate. The political climate has also changed in the United States since the 1970s in ways that provide impetus to seek alternatives to regulation. This book examines the potential of some of these "new tools" that emphasize education, information, and voluntary measures. Contributors summarize what we know about the effectiveness of these tools, both individually and in combination with regulatory and economic policy instruments. They also extract practical lessons from this knowledge and consider what is needed to make these tools more effective. The book will be of interest to environmental policy practitioners and to researchers and students concerned with applying social and behavioral sciences knowledge to improve environmental quality.

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Page Count

368

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309169429

ISBN 13

9780309169424

Assessment of Staffing Needs of Systems Specialists in Aviation

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Committee on Staffing Needs of Systems Specialists in Aviation

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Assessment of Staffing Needs of Systems Specialists in Aviation

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Committee on Staffing Needs of Systems Specialists in Aviation

Within the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Airway Transportation System Specialists ATSS) maintain and certify the equipment in the National Airspace System (NAS).In fiscal year 2012, Technical Operations had a budget of $1.7B. Thus, Technical Operations includes approximately 19 percent of the total FAA employees and less than 12 percent of the $15.9 billion total FAA budget. Technical Operations comprises ATSS workers at five different types of Air Traffic Control (ATC) facilities: (1) Air Route Traffic Control Centers, also known as En Route Centers, track aircraft once they travel beyond the terminal airspace and reach cruising altitude; they include Service Operations Centers that coordinate work and monitor equipment. (2) Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) facilities control air traffic as aircraft ascend from and descend to airports, generally covering a radius of about 40 miles around the primary airport; a TRACON facility also includes a Service Operations Center. (3) Core Airports, also called Operational Evolution Partnership airports, are the nation's busiest airports. (4) The General National Airspace System (GNAS) includes the facilities located outside the larger airport locations, including rural airports and equipment not based at any airport. (5) Operations Control Centers are the facilities that coordinate maintenance work and monitor equipment for a Service Area in the United States. At each facility, the ATSS execute both tasks that are scheduled and predictable and tasks that are stochastic and unpredictable in. These tasks are common across the five ATSS disciplines: (1) Communications, maintaining the systems that allow air traffic controllers and pilots to be in contact throughout the flight; (2) Surveillance and Radar, maintaining the systems that allow air traffic controllers to see the specific locations of all the aircraft in the airspace they are monitoring; (3) Automation, maintaining the systems that allow air traffic controllers to track each aircraft's current and future position, speed, and altitude; (4) Navigation, maintaining the systems that allow pilots to take off, maintain their course, approach, and land their aircraft; and (5) Environmental, maintaining the power, lighting, and heating/air conditioning systems at the ATC facilities. Because the NAS needs to be available and reliable all the time, each of the different equipment systems includes redundancy so an outage can be fixed without disrupting the NAS. Assessment of Staffing Needs of Systems Specialists in Aviation reviews the available information on: (A) the duties of employees in job series 2101 (Airways Transportation Systems Specialist) in the Technical Operations service unit; (B) the Professional Aviation Safety Specialists (PASS) union of the AFL-CIO; (C) the present-day staffing models employed by the FAA; (D) any materials already produced by the FAA including a recent gap analysis on staffing requirements; (E) current research on best staffing models for safety; and (F) non-US staffing standards for employees in similar roles.

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Page Count

115

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309286530

ISBN 13

9780309286534

Book's by Human and the Lights

The Future of Air Traffic Control

The Future of Air Traffic Control

TIP 29: Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People With Physical and Cognitive Disabilities

TIP 29: Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People With Physical and Cognitive Disabilities

New Tools for Environmental Protection

New Tools for Environmental Protection

Assessment of Staffing Needs of Systems Specialists in Aviation

Assessment of Staffing Needs of Systems Specialists in Aviation

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