One of the great medical controversies of the Enlightenment was the European debate on motion, sensation, and animal experimentation provoked by Albrecht von Haller’s treatise on irritability and sensibility (1752). Irritating Experiments is the first full-length study to explore the theoretical background and the experimental process that led to Haller's description and separation of two fundamental bodily qualities: irritability, or the capacity of muscles to contract upon stimulation, and sensibility, or the capacity of the nervous system to transmit impressions that are felt as touch or pain in humans, or produce signs of pain in animals. This new concept presented a serious challenge to the reigning medical systems. Haller’s animal experiments were repeated all over Europe, on a scale never seen before. The results, however, were contradictory. Haller's concept was largely rejected, and animal experimentation could not be established as a major research method in physiology. Focussing on procedural aspects of experimentation, the interaction between experiment and theory, the status of surgery, the use of medical and pathological models, and the culture of criticism, Irritating Experiments tries to explain why.
This defining work on Hitler's elite fanatical boy soldiers details the creation and training of these teenage warriors and their baptism of fire in the Normandy campaign in World War II. Written by the division's former chief of staff, Volume 1 details all aspects of the division's history with a balanced mix of tactical and strategic accounts.
This book examines the key role of the digital image in architecture over four decades – in the process of digitizing knowledge in theory and practice – as well as its influence on architectural design and visualization: The transition from the analogue to the digital age is analyzed on the basis of 51 design visualizations, from hand drawings to hybrid methods to computer renderings, in order to illustrate how architecture has been impacted by digital methods and media. Architecture Transformed is the result of a collaboration between the Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum für Kunstgeschichte – Bildarchiv Foto Marburg and the Chair of Architecture and Visualization at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg as part of the German Research Foundation program entitled “The Digital Image.” On the practice of the digital image in architecture With essays and 51 design visualizations by David Chipperfield, Odile Decq & Benoît Cornette, Gramazio & Kohler, Herzog & de Meuron, Greg Lynn, Jean Nouvel, Oswald Mathias Ungers, among others With in-depth explanatory texts
This book proposes a process-oriented model for business networking and the concept of networkability to develop realistic strategies for managing enterprises relationships in the Internet economy. It formulates key success factors and management guidelines which were developed in close co-operation between research and practice.
This book analyses the ability of individuals to create meaning through communicative interaction and of what seems to constrain and enable actors in taking collectively binding political decisions. The book examines why, in some contexts, individuals consider something as evident and relevant for their action while others perceive them as nonsense or simply as ‘fake news’. As such, the book follows a research perspective based on a concept emphasizing that the core function of knowledge is related to the selection and integration of data and other information which give them substance. Taking an interpretive political science perspective to knowledge, the book overcomes particular deficiencies of policy learning concepts where the development of an understanding of ‘reality’ is thematized in a way that supposedly decrypts everyday processes through which individuals understand ‘reality’ and (re)orient their actions to intersubjective processes. To better understand these intersubjective processes, communicative mechanisms are worked through where knowledge claims are selected and integrated. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political science and policy analysis and more broadly, to sociology and social theory, geography, planning, philosophy, communication studies, and governance studies.
This practical, tool-independent guide to designing digital circuits takes a unique, top-down approach, reflecting the nature of the design process in industry. Starting with architecture design, the book comprehensively explains the why and how of digital circuit design, using the physics designers need to know, and no more.
The industrial society is fast becoming an information society. As a result, many companies are experiencing serious difficulties in developing the new internal structures required. The increasing use of information technology has a profound effect on markets, products, and processes, as well as the management of and co-operation between companies. Recognising the possibilities and grasping the emerging potential is an important challenge for todays management, if the organisations and systems are to develop over the next twenty years. Business in the Information Age offers models and techniques for transforming company structures to help face this challenge. Viewing the business process as a new model to describe the organisation forms the link between company strategy and information systems. The book points out advantages accessible through IT, together with ways of integrating this knowledge in effective and efficient processes.
Top-Down VLSI Design: From Architectures to Gate-Level Circuits and FPGAs represents a unique approach to learning digital design. Developed from more than 20 years teaching circuit design, Doctor Kaeslin's approach follows the natural VLSI design flow and makes circuit design accessible for professionals with a background in systems engineering or digital signal processing. It begins with hardware architecture and promotes a system-level view, first considering the type of intended application and letting that guide your design choices. Doctor Kaeslin presents modern considerations for handling circuit complexity, throughput, and energy efficiency while preserving functionality. The book focuses on application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which along with FPGAs are increasingly used to develop products with applications in telecommunications, IT security, biomedical, automotive, and computer vision industries. Topics include field-programmable logic, algorithms, verification, modeling hardware, synchronous clocking, and more. - Demonstrates a top-down approach to digital VLSI design. - Provides a systematic overview of architecture optimization techniques. - Features a chapter on field-programmable logic devices, their technologies and architectures. - Includes checklists, hints, and warnings for various design situations. - Emphasizes design flows that do not overlook important action items and which include alternative options when planning the development of microelectronic circuits.
In their contribution to the first edition of this Handbook, entitled "The Teeth," LEHNER and PLENK (1936) discussed the tissues constituting the "perio dontium" rather briefly. In contrast to the detailed paragraphs dealing with, for example, enamel and dentine, the section (about 40 pages and 20 illustra tions, mostly drawings) devoted to periodontal tissues failed to provide a factual review and summary of the contemporary knowledge and latest developments in research on the various components of the periodontium. Instead, much of the text was an attempt to arrive at conclusions from often purely semantic speculations, playing the various schools of thought against each other, provid ing arguments in favor of the authors' views and arguments for the feasibility and probability of accepting or rejecting the often diverse opinions, while the reader was referred to the already existing literature for factual details. Since 1936, however, factual details ofthe structural biology of the periodon tal tissues, i. e. their development, structure, function, and physiology, have been greatly extended and have been internationally accepted. With much less opin ionated belief to cope with, this knowledge has formed the solid foundation upon which diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in the fields of clinical perio dontology, modem orthodontics, and re- and transplantation procedures of teeth have been built.
Is the ‘golden age’ of democracy really over due to the pressures of globalisation and the erosion of the nation state? Within this book, Heinelt seeks to address the democratic deficit in political systems linked to limited Citizen Participation reflecting on the notion of democracy and participatory governance and how they relate to each other. Exploring democracy beyond the governmental structures and focusing on participatory governance in particular this book demonstrates that common notions of democracy have to be re-conceptualised without neglecting its key ideas. By arguing that it is a political task to turn the inevitability of governance into a participatory form, Heinelt develops a model of different ‘worlds of democratic actions’ which shows that democratic political systems have to be considered as a complex and broad web of various forms of interest articulation and intermediation as well as decision-making. Making an important contribution to the ‘third transformation of democracy’, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of governance, democracy, policymaking & European studies.
As a research field, social movement and political project, degrowth is a multi-faceted phenomenon. It brings together a range of practices including alternative forms of living and initiatives of various kinds in civil society, business and the state. Yet no comprehensive theory of degrowth transformations has so far been developed. Deep transformations fills this gap. It develops a theory of degrowth transformations drawing on insights from multiple fields of knowledge, such as political economy, sociology and philosophy. The book offers a holistic perspective that brings into focus transformation processes on various scales and points to various mechanisms that can facilitate degrowth. These for instance include ecosocial policies, transformative initiatives in business and civil society, and alternative modes of being in and relating to the world.
Although many studies have addressed important aspects of medieval southern Italy, this was the first work for nearly ninety years to be devoted specifically to the life and reign of King Roger II, the founder of the kingdom of Sicily. The book provides a comprehensive introductory narrative of the reign and a clear, scholarly analysis of its culture and of the development of royal government. The kingdom created by the Norman Roger of Hautville in the first half of the twelfth century was a monarchy with highly developed absolutist ideas, an elaborate bureaucracy, a reasonably well-filled treasury, and a mixed cultural heritage reflected by the presence of Arabs and Greeks at court. Based on many years of research in archives and libraries across Europe, the book offers a valuable overview of one of the most striking periods in south Italian and European history.
The main topic of the book are the superconducting dipole and quadrupole magnets needed in high-energy accelerators and storage rings for protons, antiprotons or heavy ions. The basic principles of low-temperature superconductivity are outlined with special emphasis on the effects which are relevant for accelerator magnets. Properties and fabrication methods of practical superconductors are described. Analytical methods for field calculation and multipole expansion are presented for coils without and with iron yoke. The effect of yoke saturation and geometric distortions on field quality is studied. Persistent magnetization currents in the superconductor and eddy currents the copper part of the cable are analyzed in detail and their influence on field quality and magnet performance is investigated. Superconductor stability, quench origins and propagation and magnet protection are addressed. Some important concepts of accelerator physics are introduced which are needed to appreciate the demanding requirements on field quality in large storage rings. The operational experience with the superconducting HERA collider serves as an illustration. Finally superconducting correction coils and practical construction and fabrication methods of accelerator magnets are discussed. The physical and technical principles described in the book are substantiated with a wealth of experimental data on multipoles, persistent- and eddy-current effects, quench performance and much more.
Plant-animal interactions have become a focus of ecological research, with the processes of herbivory being of special interest. This volume examines the interactions of leaf-cutting ants with the rainforest vegetation on Barro Colorado Islands in Central America. It is the synthesis of field research on multiple scales extending over a period of several years. This work can serve as a model study summarizing and extending knowledge about herbivorous insect-plant relationships, and the resulting consequences on structural and functional features of tropical ecosystems. The text is an invaluable reference for researchers and land managers working in the fields of plant-animal interactions, herbivory, community ecology and biodiversity.
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