This book is a full reference grammar of Qiang, one of the minority languages of southwest China, spoken by about 70,000 Qiang and Tibetan people in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in northern Sichuan Province. It belongs to the Qiangic branch of Tibeto-Burman (one of the two major branches of Sino-Tibetan). The dialect presented in the book is the Northern Qiang variety spoken in Ronghong Village, Yadu Township, Chibusu District, Mao County. This book, the first book-length description of the Qiang language in English, is the result of many years of work on the language, and is as typologically comprehensive as possible. It includes not only the reference grammar, but also an ethnological overview, several fully analyzed texts (mostly traditional stories), and an annotated glossary. The language is verb final, agglutinative (prefixing and suffixing), and has both head-marking and dependent marking morphology. The phonology of Qiang is quite complex, with 39 consonants at seven points of articulation, plus complex consonant clusters, both in initial and final position, as well as vowel harmony, vowel length distinctions, and a set of retroflexed vowels. The grammar also is complex, with a paradigm of eight direction marking verbal prefixes, and two paradigms for person marking, one for actor, one for non-actor, and a variety of other verbal prefixes and suffixes, as well as definite and number marking on nouns. Noun phrases take classifiers and relational pospositions as well.
The leading Party cadre of Lin Village in Southeast China describes in this book forty years of turbulent events that affected individuals and families in the village: the downfall of the landlords during the Land Reform, the rise of poor peasants to political power, the political fanaticism of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, and recent efforts to restore rational, pragmatic policies in China's countryside.The magnitude of change in Lin Village since 1949 has been considerable. Most villagers have benefited from tangible improvements in agriculture, education, and medicine, and they have developed a sense of political participation and integration into the national political arena. Significantly, while these dynamic changes have been taking place, the observance of cultural tradition has persisted. Attempts made by the government to change "feudalistic" beliefs and practices have yet to make any lasting impression on village life.More than an account of one village, this book documents for readers the cataclysmic changes of China's entire post-liberation era, detailing their effects in a personalized style. An American anthropologist of Chinese descent, Huang Shu-min employs participant-observation and personal interviews to shape this unique view of rural China today and to delineate some of the misconceptions held by Western academics.
This book introduces the basics of light scattering and then presents theoretical methods and applications of elastic light scattering spectrometry in the field of analytical chemistry. Different elastic light scattering probes and how to use elastic light scattering probes for the analysis of inorganic ions, organic molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, biological microparticles, water and the atmospheric environment are discussed in detail.
Traditional Chinese Medicine has played an important role in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. As the first batch of national Chinese medicine team in China, the authors shared their experience of treating severe COVID-19 cases with TCM at Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak in China. Twenty severe cases have been selected and reported in this book. The medical history, inspection results and treatment rationales have been described in detail, adequately illustrated with color pictures of the tongues.The book is organized as follows: The etiology and pathogenesis from TCM perspectives are comprehensively discussed in the introduction. Part I includes various theories of different experts. Part II presents reports of the clinical cases one by one.
China is not only a great power but often an opaque one. What does its regional diplomacy tell us about the country’s geopolitical position and ambitions, and what patterns does it reveal? Building from international relations theories focused on how external threats, domestic politics, and ideology influence foreign policy, Yuxing Huang puts forward a nuanced argument. He suggests that in an environment of numerous regional competitors and alignments, China has developed a form of asymmetric statecraft toward its many weaker neighbours. In the South China Sea, it maintains a uniform strategy toward Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia. Whereas in South Asia, it practises selective strategies to maintain the status quo with India and to enhance Pakistan’s position. Drawing on extensive archival sources, this perceptive interpretation of the different narratives and paradigms that constitute China’s foreign policy alerts us to the potential future of its diplomatic endeavours in a dramatically changing international environment.
The lack of significant improvement in people’s health status and other mounting health challenges in China raise a puzzling question about the country’s internal transition: why did the reform-induced dynamics produce an economic miracle, but fail to reproduce the success Mao had achieved in the health sector? This book examines the political and policy dynamics of health governance in post-Mao China. It explores the political-institutional roots of the public health and health care challenges and the evolution of the leaders’ policy response in contemporary China. It argues that reform-induced institutional dynamics, when interacting with Maoist health policy structure in an authoritarian setting, have not only contributed to the rising health challenges in contemporary China, but also shaped the patterns and outcomes of China’s health system transition. The study of China’s health governance will further our understanding of the evolving political system in China and the complexities of China’s rise. As the world economy and international security are increasingly vulnerable to major disease outbreaks in China, it also sheds critical light on China’s role in global health governance.
This book focuses on the transformation of Chinese newspaper companies in aspects of managerial strategies, newsroom practices and interactions with national policies. The comparative case study of two publishers comprises empirical evidence from editors, editor-in-chiefs, commercial staff, managers, technicians and scholarly experts. Locating in the intersection of media management, journalism and media policy, its analytical devices include differing but related theories. With the primary data and integrated theoretical frameworks, the primary argue is that the transformation is oriented to the Internet market, which is a consensus of newspaper practitioners and government administrators.
This is a Ph.D. dissertation. Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Restenosis, Local Drug Delivery Using Drug Eluting Stents, In Vitro Stent Implantation, Optimization of Local Methylprednisolone Delivery to Inhibit Inflammatory Reaction and Neointimal Hyperplasia of Coated Coronary Stents, Cytochalasin Polymer Coated Stents Reduce Neointimal Formation in a Porcine Coronary Model, Long-Term Biocompatibility Evaluation of a Biodegradable Polymer Coated Stent in a Porcine Coronary Stent Model, Methotrexate Loaded SAE-Coated Coronary Stents Reduce Neointimal Hyperplasia in a Porcine Coronary Model, Local Methylprednisolone Delivery Using a Biodivysio Phosphorycholone Coated Drug Delivery Stents Reduces Inflammation and Neointimal Hyperplasia in a Porcine Coronary Stent Model, Stent Based Dexamethasone Delivery: From Pre-Clinical Data to the Stride Trial, General Discussions and Conclusions.
The downfall of Bo Xilai in China was more than a darkly thrilling mystery. It revealed a cataclysmic internal power struggle between Communist Party factions, one that reached all the way to China's new president Xi Jinping. The scandalous story of the corruption of the Bo Xilai family -- the murder of British businessman Neil Heywood; Bo's secret lovers; the secret maneuverings of Bo's supporters; the hasty trial and sentencing of Gu Kailai, Bo's wife -- was just the first rumble of a seismic power struggle that continues to rock the very foundation of China's all-powerful Communist Party. By the time it is over, the machinations in Beijing and throughout the country that began with Bo's fall could affect China's economic development and disrupt the world's political and economic order. Pin Ho and Wenguang Huang have pieced together the details of this fascinating political drama from firsthand reporting and an unrivaled array of sources, some very high in the Chinese government. This was the first scandal in China to play out in the international media -- details were leaked, sometimes invented, to non-Chinese news outlets as part of the power plays that rippled through the government. The attempt to manipulate the Western media, especially, was a fundamental dimension to the story, and one that affected some of the early reporting. A Death in the Lucky Holiday Hotel returns to the scene of the crime and shows not only what happened in Room 1605 but how the threat of the story was every bit as important in the life and death struggle for power that followed. It touched celebrities and billionaires and redrew the cast of the new leadership of the Communist Party. The ghost of Neil Heywood haunts China to this day.
For over a decade, Andrew "bunnie" Huang, one of the world's most esteemed hackers, has shaped the fields of hacking and hardware, from his cult-classic book Hacking the Xbox to the open-source laptop Novena and his mentorship of various hardware startups and developers. In The Hardware Hacker, Huang shares his experiences in manufacturing and open hardware, creating an illuminating and compelling career retrospective. Huang’s journey starts with his first visit to the staggering electronics markets in Shenzhen, with booths overflowing with capacitors, memory chips, voltmeters, and possibility. He shares how he navigated the overwhelming world of Chinese factories to bring chumby, Novena, and Chibitronics to life, covering everything from creating a Bill of Materials to choosing the factory to best fit his needs. Through this collection of personal essays and interviews on topics ranging from the legality of reverse engineering to a comparison of intellectual property practices between China and the United States, bunnie weaves engineering, law, and society into the tapestry of open hardware. With highly detailed passages on the ins and outs of manufacturing and a comprehensive take on the issues associated with open source hardware, The Hardware Hacker is an invaluable resource for aspiring hackers and makers.
This indispensable volume contains articles that represent the best of Huang's work on the syntax-semantics interface over the last two decades. It includes three general topics: (a) questions, indefinites and quantification, (b) anaphora, (c) lexical structure and the syntax of events.
This book is about how one of the leading intellectual architects of Chinese modernization, Yan Fu (1854 - 1921), introduced the Chinese intellectual world to the liberalism of John Stuart Mill partly by grasping Mill's ideas, but also by misunderstanding and projecting them onto indigenous Chinese values, which in turn led to criticism and resistance. Rather than bending Western liberalism to the purposes of Chinese nationalism, Yan initiated a distinctively Chinese liberal tradition that became a major component of China's modern political culture.
This book attempts to explore style—a traditional topic—in literary translation with a corpus-based approach. A parallel corpus consisting of the English translations of modern and contemporary Chinese novels is introduced and used as the major context for the research. The style in translation is approached from perspectives of the author/the source text, the translated texts and the translator. Both the parallel model and the comparable model are employed and a multiple-complex model of comparison is proposed. The research model, both quantitative and qualitative, is duplicable within other language pairs. Apart from the basics of corpus building, readers may notice that literary texts offer an ideal context for stylistic research and a parallel corpus of literary texts may provide various observations to the style in translation. In this book, readers may find a close interaction between translation theory and practice. Tables and figures are used to help the argumentation. The book will be of interest to postgraduate students, teachers and professionals who are interested in corpus-based translation studies and stylistics.
The Guodian manuscripts are a cache of literary and philosophical texts from the fourth century BCE, discovered in a Warring States–period tomb in China’s Hubei Province. Through detailed decipherment and textual analysis, Kuan-yun Huang investigates the historical and philosophical contexts of these texts and convincingly proposes their association with Zisi, the grandson of Confucius. Huang not only offers an in-depth portrait of this famous scion from excavated texts and transmitted literary records, but also reveals the connection of the Guodian texts with early intellectual tradition in China, including the teachings of Xunzi, Mencius, Confucius, and the legendary Laozi, as well as the effort of rewriting that transformed Zisi’s original teachings into a conformist line of thinking, which defined and constituted the Confucian tradition of a later time. ------------- In Kuan-yun Huang’s The Lost Texts of Confucius’ Grandson, the shadowy figure of Zisi comes to life as an antinomian thinker whose works fill the lacuna between Confucius and Mencius. What is most compelling about this book is its insistence that in scholarship we must respect the interpretive context. The new putative Zisi materials have to be read in such a way that they are correlated with and situated clearly within what Huang calls “the literary record.” Huang’s synoptic understanding of the literature allows for much “abduction” in his presentation, a kind of academic sleuthing in his best efforts to connect the dots. While an exciting read for those scholars who know the texts and specialize in ancient philosophical literature, at the same time, the story it tells will be of interest to all scholars who work in the field of Chinese studies. —Roger T. Ames Humanities Chair Professor, Peking University Huang carefully explicates what the newly discovered manuscripts teach us about fate, moral cultivation, familial love and obligation, and service in government, as well as other concepts that were originally meant to provide social order in the Warring States kingdoms during the time of Zisi and the generations of thinkers subsequent to him. Through close textual analysis and with each explanation of these ideas, Huang shows that we must shake ourselves loose from earlier assumptions about their significance and embrace what the recently recovered sources tell us. —Jeffrey Riegel Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley The Guodian corpus has transformed our understanding of early Chinese thought. Huang does a masterful job of situating these texts in their historical and philosophical context, relying on the most current scholarly literature as well as insights gained from more recent discoveries, all in a very accessible style. Highly recommended. —Edward Slingerland Professor of Philosophy, University of British Columbia
At the heart of "All Things Flow into Form" (Fan wu liu xing), an ancient Chinese manuscript recently salvaged from the black market, is a concern with the process of self-cultivation, particularly the advancement through the incremental stages and the outcome that awaits one in the end: enlightenment, transparency, and self-possession. Critical to this discussion is a conception of a mind within a mind, the unity of which is obtained through the isolation of an innermost core free from extraneous distractions. Such a state is presented as an ideal for kingship, and the text, despite its possibly very ancient roots, is focused on the ruler's ethical training rather than his political maneuvers, his obligation to Heaven and the spirits rather than his dominance over his subjects. Probing deep into this text, we may observe heretofore unappreciated aspects of many of the transmitted literary sources, and in turn, come to more definite conclusions about the manuscript itself. To the extent that this analysis is successful, it illustrates an approach that can be tested against future efforts to read ancient Chinese texts in the light of newly unearthed documents.
Authored by researchers and practitioners who build cutting-edge federated learning applications to solve real-world problems, this book covers the spectrum of federated learning technology from concepts and application scenarios to advanced algorithms and finally system implementation in three parts. It provides a comprehensive review and summary of federated learning technology, as well as presenting numerous novel federated learning algorithms which no other books have summarized. The work also references the most recent papers, articles and reviews from the past several years to keep pace with the academic and industrial state of the art of federated learning.The first part lays a foundational understanding of federated learning by going through its definition and characteristics, and also possible application scenarios and related privacy protection technologies. The second part elaborates on some of the federated learning algorithms innovated by JD Technology which encompass both vertical and horizontal scenarios, including vertical federated tree models, linear regression, kernel learning, asynchronous methods, deep learning, homomorphic encryption, and reinforcement learning. The third and final part shifts in scope to federated learning systems — namely JD Technology's own FedLearn system — by discussing its design and implementation using gRPC, in addition to specific performance optimization techniques plus integration with blockchain technology.This book will serve as a great reference for readers who are experienced in federated learning algorithms, building privacy-preserving machine learning applications or solving real-world problems with privacy-restricted scenarios.
How could Jin'ling be an object within a pond? He would transform into a dragon upon meeting the wind and clouds! Qin Hao, a supreme cultivator genius, accidentally reborn and obtained unparalleled medical skills from ancient and modern times. He had good luck and powerful cultivation techniques, allowing him to embrace a beauty, take advantage of the flowers, and even unfettered flowers ...
This book explores and evaluates the evolution of regional (uneven) development in Jiangsu province in China, during the economic reform that began in the late 1970s and continues to the present day. Using detailed case studies, it clarifies and deciphers a number of fundamental ideological and institutional logics that have decisively shaped or guided China’s 30-year economic reform. The book provides an example of how the traditional struggles with the modern, how the domestic interacts with the global, and how the local/regional scale coordinates and conflicts with the central in the context of China’s economic reform. Taken together, it reveals how institutions, forces and actors interconnect and co-evolve in a dynamic and relational fashion within specific spatiotemporal horizons. Of particular interest in the research presented here is the way that the empirical material enables the four dimensions of territory, place, scale and network to be explored within the context of contemporary China. It is shown how the economic and social development of different territories and places within Jiangsu province is ‘relationally intertwined’ with sets of political and economic forces operating at different scales and within wider networks. As such, this book provides a detailed understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of uneven regional development in China, and sets out a number of salient policy implications drawn from the research findings.
This book aims to provide readers with adequate knowledge for clinical application of Chinese medicine, which is in line with the fundamental principle of “correspondence of Chinese medicinals and patterns.” It contains a brief introduction to relative theories, divides these medicinals by actions into categories such as exterior-releasing, heat-clearing, purgative, dampness-dispelling, fluid retention-disinhibiting, interior-warming, qi-regulating, blood-invigorating, blood-stanching, food accumulation-relieving, phlegm, cough- and wheezing-arresting, mind-tranquilizing, liver-calming, orifices-opening, tonifying, astringing, and worm-dispelling, and elaborates each herb in terms of its actions, quality, indications, usage, and dosage. Furthermore, mnemonics and simple and effective formulas are included to help readers effectively grasp the concepts behind practical applications, and precautions and daily practices are specifically designed to support readers in easily understanding and retaining the information.
This book provides a detailed description of typical imaging features of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions in the shoulder and elbow. Each chapter deals with one major bone tumor or tumor-like lesion, for example, giant cell tumor, bone cyst, osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, bone metastases, lymphoma, etc. Typical cases are carefully selected from thousands of clinical cases accompanying with comprehensive imaging information of X-ray, CT and MRI. In-depth analysis and differential diagnostic tips from experienced bone tumor specialist are presented at the end of each case. This book will be useful and worthy to musculoskeletal radiologists, orthopaedic surgeons, general radiologists, and oncologists.
The ancient cultivators of great powers, once they thought of becoming demons, and once they thought of becoming buddhas, there were also experts of the martial way that broke through the void. They were the only ones who had the right to do so. In chaotic times, geniuses would rise to prominence. The imperial government, sects, aristocratic families, and foreign races would battle with each other for karmic luck. Who could emerge from the masses and become a true dragon, reaching the peak of perfection? Like this book...
This book provides critical in-depth reviews on key themes and issues in tourism research in China. These themes include: Chinese scholars’ epistemological views of tourism, rural tourism development, community participation in tourism, tourist market and behaviour, tourist attraction management and tour guiding and interpretation in China. While Chinese scholars are often able to access key research in both English and Chinese, the majority of researchers from outside China without knowledge of the Chinese language are unable to read original research from China. This book seeks to redress this knowledge imbalance and bring key Chinese tourism research to the international tourism academic community. This book will be a valuable reference for tourism researchers, postgraduate students and industry professionals.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2006, held in Kunming, China, August 2006. The book collects 161 carefully chosen and revised full papers. Topical sections include neural networks, evolutionary computing and genetic algorithms, kernel methods, combinatorial and numerical optimization, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, neural optimization and dynamic programming, as well as case-based reasoning and probabilistic reasoning.
Through application of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, this monograph mainly focuses on large deformations and flow failure simulations of geomaterials and movement behavior, which are always involved in geo-disasters. The work covers the theoretical background, numerical techniques, code implementation issues, and many novel and interesting applications. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional SPH models in the framework of both hydrodynamics and solid mechanics are established, with detailed descriptions. The monograph also contains many appealing and practical examples of geo-disaster modeling and analysis, including the fluidized movement of flow-like landslides, lateral spread of liquefied soils, and flow slides in landfills. In the documented SPH simulations, the propagation of geo-disasters is effectively reproduced. Dynamic behaviors of geomaterials during propagation are ascertained, including sliding path, flow velocity, maximum distance reached, and distribution of deposits. In this way, the monograph presents a means for mapping hazardous areas, estimating hazard intensity, and identifying and designing appropriate protective measures.
This book analyses credit crisis issues in China from the aspect of individuals, enterprises, and government through investigations of six Chinese urban and rural areas. After China’s reform and opening up in the 1970s, a slew of new problems involving integrity, trust, and credit appeared with the establishment of a market economy and the creation of new business opportunities. To track these phenomena down to their very origins and to explore the theoretical principles underlying them through a truly holistic sociology, this book highlights a native Chinese perspective when dissecting and analysing the characteristics of their origins, mechanisms, and manifestations. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of economic sociology, Chinese studies, and those who are interested in the sociology of credibility in general.
This book addresses the historical and contemporary involvement of Chinese Americans from diverse walks of life in U.S.-China relations. The contributors present new evidence and fresh perspectives on familiar and unfamiliar national and transnational networks - including families, businesspersons, community newspapers, students, lobbyists, philanthropists, and scientists - and consider the likely future impact of such contacts on the most important bilateral relationship at the start of the new millennium. The volume makes a multidisciplinary contribution to understanding the extensive and vital roles and promise of Chinese Americans at this critical juncture in U.S.-China relations, and to revealing the importance of migrants as actors in contemporary global politics. The assessments shared by the contributors suggest that the nature and scope of the Chinese American involvement, particularly in global civil society networks, increasingly will determine the outcome of state-to-state relations between the United States and the PRC.
Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Law - Public Law / Constitutional Law / Basic Rights, grade: Pass (Original version), Queen Mary University of London, course: LL.M (Public Law), language: English, abstract: ‘Chinese characteristics’ has become a term commonly used to explain why China is different from the rest of the world. However, it has raised the question of whether China really is so different. In the field of constitutionalism, Sun Yat-Sen was the first Chinese politician who embraced Chinese characteristics and constructed the world’s first theory of democracy with ‘Chinese characteristics’ in the early twentieth century. His theory thus enlightens us on the question of whether China really is so different. Sun Yat-Sen’s theory of democracy consists of three notable ‘Chinese characteristics’ – the pentapartite separation of powers system, direct democracy with an institutional arrangement of representation, and the constitutional single party system. However, all of these ‘Chinese characteristics’ are rooted in Sun Yat-Sen’s misunderstanding of ‘Western’ democracy. It is even more troubling that the incompetent amendments made by Sun Yat-Sen, who was a physician, not only failed to democratise China, but also produced a permanent dictatorship in China. In addition, his allegation that China is different from the rest of the world is not substantiated by logic – any amendment which is based upon a misunderstanding of the original concept is logically false, regardless of who is the originator of the amendment.
This book provides an in-depth coverage of basic theories, progress and applications of sodium-ion batteries, and introduces the various technologies and mechanisms for anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes. In addition, this book gives insight into industrial applications of sodium-ion batteries.
Learn how to create historically accurate costumes for Elizabethan period productions with Elizabethan Costume Design and Construction! Extensive coverage of a variety of costumes for both men and women of all social classes will allow you to be prepared for any costuming need, and step-by-step instructions will ensure you have the know-how to design and construct your garments. Get inspired by stunning, hand-drawn renderings of costumes used in real life productions like Mary Stuart as you’re led through the design process. Detailed instructions will allow you to bring your designs to life and create a meticulously constructed costume.
The two-volume set LNCS 3644 and LNCS 3645 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2005, held in Hefei, China, in August 2005. The program committee selected 215 carefully revised full papers for presentation in two volumes from over 2000 submissions, based on rigorous peer reviews. The first volume includes all the contributions related with perceptual and pattern recognition, informatics theories and applications computational neuroscience and bioscience, models and methods, and learning systems. The second volume collects the papers related with genomics and proteomics, adaptation and decision making, applications and hardware, and other applications.
This monograph is a translation of two seminal works on corpus-based studies of Mandarin Chinese words and parts of speech. The original books were published as two pioneering technical reports by Chinese Knowledge and Information Processing group (CKIP) at Academia Sinica in 1993 and 1996, respectively. Since then, the standard and PoS tagset proposed in the CKIP report have become the de facto standard in Chinese corpora and computational linguistics, in particular in the context of traditional Chinese texts. This new translation represents and develops the principles and theories originating from these pioneering works. The results can be applied to numerous fields; Chinese syntax and semantics, lexicography, machine translation and other language engineering bound applications. Suitable for graduate and scholars in the fields of linguistics and Chinese, Mandarin Chinese Words and Parts of Speech provides a comprehensive survey of the issues around wordhood and PoS. Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and the appendixes V-VII of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com
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