Once primarily used in medical clinical trials, random assignment experimentation is now accepted among social scientists across a broad range of disciplines. The technique has been used in social experiments to evaluate a variety of programs, from microfinance and welfare reform to housing vouchers and teaching methods. How did randomized experiments move beyond medicine and into the social sciences, and can they be used effectively to evaluate complex social problems? Fighting for Reliable Evidence provides an absorbing historical account of the characters and controversies that have propelled the wider use of random assignment in social policy research over the past forty years. Drawing from their extensive experience evaluating welfare reform programs, noted scholar practitioners Judith M. Gueron and Howard Rolston portray randomized experiments as a vital research tool to assess the impact of social policy. In a random assignment experiment, participants are sorted into either a treatment group that participates in a particular program, or a control group that does not. Because the groups are randomly selected, they do not differ from one another systematically. Therefore any subsequent differences between the groups can be attributed to the influence of the program or policy. The theory is elegant and persuasive, but many scholars worry that such an experiment is too difficult or expensive to implement in the real world. Can a control group be truly insulated from the treatment policy? Would staffers comply with the random allocation of participants? Would the findings matter? Fighting for Reliable Evidence recounts the experiments that helped answer these questions, starting with the income maintenance experiments and the Supported Work project in the 1960s and 1970s. Gueron and Rolston argue that a crucial turning point came during the 1980s, when Congress allowed states to experiment with welfare programs and foundations, states, and the federal government funded larger randomized trials to assess the impact of these reforms. As they trace these historical shifts, Gueron and Rolston discuss the ways that strategies for resolving theoretical and practical problems were developed, and they highlight the strict conditions required to execute a randomized experiment successfully. What emerges is a nuanced portrait of the potential and limitations of social experiments to advance empirical knowledge. Weaving history, data analysis and personal experience, Fighting for Reliable Evidence offers valuable lessons for researchers, policymakers, funders, and informed citizens interested in isolating the effect of policy initiatives. It is an essential primer on welfare policy, causal inference, and experimental designs.
Once primarily used in medical clinical trials, random assignment experimentation is now accepted among social scientists across a broad range of disciplines. The technique has been used in social experiments to evaluate a variety of programs, from microfinance and welfare reform to housing vouchers and teaching methods. How did randomized experiments move beyond medicine and into the social sciences, and can they be used effectively to evaluate complex social problems? Fighting for Reliable Evidence provides an absorbing historical account of the characters and controversies that have propelled the wider use of random assignment in social policy research over the past forty years. Drawing from their extensive experience evaluating welfare reform programs, noted scholar practitioners Judith M. Gueron and Howard Rolston portray randomized experiments as a vital research tool to assess the impact of social policy. In a random assignment experiment, participants are sorted into either a treatment group that participates in a particular program, or a control group that does not. Because the groups are randomly selected, they do not differ from one another systematically. Therefore any subsequent differences between the groups can be attributed to the influence of the program or policy. The theory is elegant and persuasive, but many scholars worry that such an experiment is too difficult or expensive to implement in the real world. Can a control group be truly insulated from the treatment policy? Would staffers comply with the random allocation of participants? Would the findings matter? Fighting for Reliable Evidence recounts the experiments that helped answer these questions, starting with the income maintenance experiments and the Supported Work project in the 1960s and 1970s. Gueron and Rolston argue that a crucial turning point came during the 1980s, when Congress allowed states to experiment with welfare programs and foundations, states, and the federal government funded larger randomized trials to assess the impact of these reforms. As they trace these historical shifts, Gueron and Rolston discuss the ways that strategies for resolving theoretical and practical problems were developed, and they highlight the strict conditions required to execute a randomized experiment successfully. What emerges is a nuanced portrait of the potential and limitations of social experiments to advance empirical knowledge. Weaving history, data analysis and personal experience, Fighting for Reliable Evidence offers valuable lessons for researchers, policymakers, funders, and informed citizens interested in isolating the effect of policy initiatives. It is an essential primer on welfare policy, causal inference, and experimental designs.
The prehistoric sky is pale blue, and it is cold enough to make frost form almost instantly around the nose and beak of the Pteranodon who has just awakened in a treeless land of ice beyond the reach of the sun. The climate at the North and South Poles is changing, leading to a puzzling consequence that mankind is unable to control or defeat. As the Pteranodon cranes its long neck and surveys the frigid, unending miles of white in search for food, others prepare to escape the ice prison that has held them in a frozen state for sixty-five million years. Now, in the seemingly endless night, they are alive againthe result of global warming. No one is more aware of the escalating environmental catastrophe than Professor Edgar Hauptman. As he wonders whether time is running out, Hauptman writes a controversial essay that reaches the desk of the President, causing immediate chaos as everyone wonders if mankind is doomed. In a desperate attempt to cool the earth, Hauptman leads an ambitious mission to the ocean floor. Success means new life, but failure means death of the world as they know it. Can he save the planet in time?
This unique take on quests, incorporating literary and digital theory, provides an excellent resource for game developers. Focused on both the theory and practice of the four main aspects of quests (spaces, objects, actors, and challenges) each theoretical section is followed by a practical section that contains exercises using the Neverwinter Nigh
Palms constitute one of the largest botanical families and include some of the world's most important economic plants. This book reviews the interrelationships between palms and insects. The host plants, distribution and bionomics of representative insects are discussed.
This manual helps medium and large law firms increase productivity by providing a model manual for law office policies and procedures. The book, an updated and expanded version of the previous (fourth) edition, is divided into seventeen sections, covering such topics as law office organization, management, and administration, support personnel, office polices, personnel policies and benefits, office security and emergency procedures, financial management, file systems, technology, and communications systems. The book contains numerous sample forms and documents, as well as extensive bibliographies. A CD containing the entire text of the manual is included, allowing customization of the manual for particular user needs.
Why do people invest so much emotional energy and resources in conflicts over images, symbols, rituals, and other cultural expressions? The answers explored in Culture and Belonging in Divided Societies view such expressions as barriers to or opportunities for inclusion in a divided society's symbolic landscape and political life.
Drawing from insights both inside and outside of academia, this book seeks to reincorporate transcendent concepts into the study of the family as a unit of society. The authors argue for a more collaborative, family-centered family science and offer recommendations for how family researchers might work to change the scientific monologue about families to a systemic dialogue with families.
Reprint, with additional material, of the 1950 ed. published in 7 v. by the Waynesburg Republican, Waynesburg, Pa., and in this format in Knightstown, Ind., by Bookmark in 1977.
Here is a trailblazing book on issues of vital interest to the future of humankind. Ecotherapy: Healing Ourselves, Healing the Earth sheds light on humankind’s most serious health challenge ever--how to save our precious planet as a clean, viable habitat. As a guide for therapists, health professionals, pastoral counselors, teachers, medical healers, and especially parents, Ecotherapy: Healing Ourselves, Healing the Earth highlights readers’strategic opportunities to help our endangered human species cope constructively with the unprecedented challenge of saving a healthful planet for future generations. Ecotherapy: Healing Ourselves, Healing the Earth introduces readers to an innovative approach to ecologically-grounded personality theory, spirituality, ecotherapy, and education. The book shares the author’s well-developed theories and methods of ecological diagnosis, treatment, and education so professionals and parents, our most influential teachers, can rise to the challenge of saving our planet. Readers will find that the book helps them accomplish this goal as it: explores an expanded, ecologically grounded theory of personality development, the missing dimension in understanding human identity formation outlines a model for doing ecologically oriented psychotherapy, counseling, medical healing, teaching, and parenting describes life-saving perspectives for making one’s lifestyle more earth-caring demonstrates the importance of hope, humor, and love suggests how these earthy approaches may be utilized in a variety of social contexts and cultures A systematic theory and practice guidebook, Ecotherapy: Healing Ourselves, Healing the Earth fills a wide gap in both the counseling and therapy literature and the ecology literature. It offers an innovative model for fulfilling the “ecological circle” between humans and nature with three action dimensions. These are self-care by being intentionally nurtured by nature; spiritual enrichment by enjoying the transcendent Spirit in nature; and responding by nurturing nature more responsibly and lovingly. The theories and practical applications presented in the book come together to explore long-overlooked issues at the boundary between human health and the health of the natural environment. Psychotherapists, health professionals, and teachers; pastoral counselors and other clergy who counsel and teach; laypersons who are parents and grandparents; and individuals and groups interested in environmental issues will find Ecotherapy: Healing Ourselves, Healing the Earth essential for approaching the long-neglected earthy roots of the total human mind-body-spirit organism.
Neuroimaging has become an integral part of clinical neurology practice in tandem with good history taking and physical examination. This is the firstall-in-one guide, presenting illustrative examples of signature neuroimaging findings in clinical context specifically for neurologists. With more than1,500 images, the authors have assembled an accessible resource and review that presents over 170 core topics using the imaging findings as a platform to discuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and disease management. Written with the practitioner or student of neurology in mind, Neurology Image-based Clinical Review profiles each condition in an easy-to-read format, alongside a wealth of images designed to help developproficiency in recognizing and treating both common and rare neurologic conditions. This unique book is organized into fifteen chapters covering all major areas of neurology including stroke, hemorrhage, neoplasms, epilepsy, trauma,neurodegenerative conditions, infectious diseases, pediatric syndromes, and much more. Each topic is introduced with a brief case scenario and image-baseddiagnosis, followed by bulleted introduction, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance and diagnostic hallmarks, differential diagnosis, andtreatment. Numerous examples throughout foster familiarity with key imaging findings and confidence interpreting MRI, CT, MRA, angiography, EEG, gross, andmicroscopic neuropathology images. Selected references for further study follow each topic. Neurology Image-Based Clinical Reviewis an essential reference for medical students, practicing neurologists, residents looking to hone their knowledge, or anyone sharpening clinical andinterpretive skills for board or MOC review. Key Features: Comes with free access to the fully-searchable downloadable e-book, including an image gallery Covers the full spectrum of neurologic disease with over 170 topics and more than 1500 images Includes chapters on commonly encountered problems and rare syndromes that may be missed in the clinic Presents the latest information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and differential diagnoses of various neurological disorders Consistent format for easy readability and targeted review
HOWARD HUGHES'S NEW FILMGOERS' GUIDE TO SCIENCE-FICTION FILMS DELVES DEEP INTO THE LANDMARK MOVIES OF THIS EVERPOPULAR GENRE, FROM METROPOLIS TO AVATAR AND BEYOND, AND COVERS OVER 250 MORE Outer Limits explores science-fiction cinema through 26 great films, from the silent classic Metropolis to today. It reviews the galaxy of stars and directors who have created some of the most popular films of all time, including George Lucas's 'Star Wars' films, Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Minority Report, James Cameron's 'Terminator' films and Ridley Scott's milestones Alien and Blade Runner. It also discusses everything from A-listers 2001: A Space Odyssey and Planet of the Apes, to Japanese monster movies, 1950s B-movies, creature features and cult favourites, depicting time travel, distant planets or alien invasions. Films featured include The War of the Worlds, Independence Day, Tarantula, Godzilla, The Thing, Forbidden Planet, Barbarella, Galaxy Quest, Mad Max 2, Back to the Future, The Man Who Fell to Earth, Star Trek, Apollo 13, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The Matrix, and many, many more. Illustrated with original posters, Outer Limits is an informative, entertaining tour of the sci-fi universe.
Human health depends on the health of the planet. Earth’s natural systems—the air, the water, the biodiversity, the climate—are our life support systems. Yet climate change, biodiversity loss, scarcity of land and freshwater, pollution and other threats are degrading these systems. The emerging field of planetary health aims to understand how these changes threaten our health and how to protect ourselves and the rest of the biosphere. Planetary Health: Protecting Nature to Protect Ourselves provides a readable introduction to this new paradigm. With an interdisciplinary approach, the book addresses a wide range of health impacts felt in the Anthropocene, including food and nutrition, infectious disease, non-communicable disease, dislocation and conflict, and mental health. It also presents strategies to combat environmental changes and its ill-effects, such as controlling toxic exposures, investing in clean energy, improving urban design, and more. Chapters are authored by widely recognized experts. The result is a comprehensive and optimistic overview of a growing field that is being adopted by researchers and universities around the world. Students of public health will gain a solid grounding in the new challenges their profession must confront, while those in the environmental sciences, agriculture, the design professions, and other fields will become familiar with the human consequences of planetary changes. Understanding how our changing environment affects our health is increasingly critical to a variety of disciplines and professions. Planetary Health is the definitive guide to this vital field.
International Association of Culinary Professionals (IACP) 2010 Award Finalists in the Culinary History category. Chocolate. We all love it, but how much do we really know about it? In addition to pleasing palates since ancient times, chocolate has played an integral role in culture, society, religion, medicine, and economic development across the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. In 1998, the Chocolate History Group was formed by the University of California, Davis, and Mars, Incorporated to document the fascinating story and history of chocolate. This book features fifty-seven essays representing research activities and contributions from more than 100 members of the group. These contributors draw from their backgrounds in such diverse fields as anthropology, archaeology, biochemistry, culinary arts, gender studies, engineering, history, linguistics, nutrition, and paleography. The result is an unparalleled, scholarly examination of chocolate, beginning with ancient pre-Columbian civilizations and ending with twenty-first-century reports. Here is a sampling of some of the fascinating topics explored inside the book: Ancient gods and Christian celebrations: chocolate and religion Chocolate and the Boston smallpox epidemic of 1764 Chocolate pots: reflections of cultures, values, and times Pirates, prizes, and profits: cocoa and early American east coast trade Blood, conflict, and faith: chocolate in the southeast and southwest borderlands of North America Chocolate in France: evolution of a luxury product Development of concept maps and the chocolate research portal Not only does this book offer careful documentation, it also features new and previously unpublished information and interpretations of chocolate history. Moreover, it offers a wealth of unusual and interesting facts and folklore about one of the world's favorite foods.
Curious Tales of Old East Yorkshire' is a guide to the history, folklore, traditions & social institutions of the old East Riding, arranged in 14 diverse chapters. Anecdotes are included on events, personalities, buildings, customs & domestic matters.
From creepy cult favorite to prime-time phenomenon, the award-winning TV series "The X-Files" has taken America by storm. Now, here's the ultimate reference guide for the millions of fans of this x-traordinary show. From Anasazi to Zirinka, readers can find every person, place, and thing in the "X-Files" universe--including complete information on every episode through the fourth season.
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