Liutex and Its Applications in Turbulence Research reviews the history of vortex definition, provides an accurate mathematical definition of vortices, and explains their applications in flow transition, turbulent flow, flow control, and turbulent flow experiments. The book explains the term "Rortex" as a mathematically defined rigid rotation of fluids or vortex, which could help solve many longstanding problems in turbulence research. The accurate mathematical definition of the vortex is important in a range of industrial contexts, including aerospace, turbine machinery, combustion, and electronic cooling systems, so there are many areas of research that can benefit from the innovations described here. This book provides a thorough survey of the latest research in generalized and flow-thermal, unified, law-of-the-wall for wall-bounded turbulence. Important theory and methodologies used for developing these laws are described in detail, including: the classification of the conventional turbulent boundary layer concept based on proper velocity scaling; the methodology for identification of the scales of velocity, temperature, and length needed to establish the law; and the discovery, proof, and strict validations of the laws, with both Reynolds and Prandtl number independency properties using DNS data. The establishment of these statistical laws is important to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer research, and greatly expands our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence. - Provides an accurate mathematical definition of vortices - Provides a thorough survey of the latest research in generalized and flow-thermal, unified, law-of-the-wall for wall-bounded turbulence - Explains the term "Rortex as a mathematically defined rigid rotation of fluids or vortex - Covers the statistical laws important to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer research, and greatly expands our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence
Many studies of government in China either simply describe the political institutions or else focus, critically, on the weaknesses of the system, such as corruption or the absence of Western-style democracy. Authors of these studies fail to appreciate the surprising ability of China’s government to rapidly transform a once impoverished economy and to recover from numerous crises from 1978 to the present. This book, on the other hand, takes a more balanced, more positive view. This view is based on a study of changes in China’s institutions for coping with critical crises in governance since 1978. These changes include better management of leadership succession, better crisis management, improved social welfare, the management of society through treating different social groups differently depending on their potential to rival the Party state, and a variety of limited, intra-party and grassroots democracy. This book applies to the Chinese model the term “pragmatic authoritarianism.” It explains changes to and the likely future direction of China’s governance model. It compares current risks in China’s governance with threats that terminated dynasties and the republic in China over the past four thousand years and concludes that the regime can be expected to survive a considerable period despite its existing flaws. "Few topics in Chinese politics are as significant as the nature, state and prospects of the political regime. While the topic had been unduly understudied for a long period of time, a young generation of scholars has emerged on this subject. Among others, the book by Hongyi Lai stands out and provides a comprehensive and penetrating analysis on this topic....I am confident that his book will make a significant contribution to the study of Chinese politics and may well define the debate on China’s political development, governance and model for years to come." - Yongnian Zheng, Director, East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore
This volume is an updated survey and assessment of the recent policy initiatives of Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, which have come to be known as the Hu-Wen's New Deal. Individual chapters are written by scholars from different academic disciplines and backgrounds. These scholars hail from Singapore, the United States, Australia, Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China. Topics cover the patterns and process of leadership succession, emerging political factions, social unrest, sources of economic growth, income disparities, social security reform, land use policy, banking reform, corporate governance, labor and population policies, rule of law, and changes in the Party and ideology. On the external aspects, discussion includes China's changing relations with the U.S., Japan and ASEAN. In many ways, the Hu-Wen leadership today is still coming to grips with the same issues and problems as discussed in this book. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: The Hu-Wen New Deal (1,271 KB). Contents: Introduction: The Hu-Wen New Deal (J Wong & H Lai); Strengthening Governance and Rule of Law: Hu Jintao's Consolidation of Power and His Command of the Gun (J You); Deciphering Hu's Leadership and Defining New Elite Politics (C Li); Hu Jintao's Approach to Governance (J Fewsmith); Re-Making the Party's Image: Challenges for the Propaganda Department (Y Zheng & L F Lye); Reforming the Party and the State Under Hu Jintao (S-C Hsu); Rule of Law and Governance (K Zou); Sustaining Economic Growth and Reform: New Patterns of Economic Growth (Y Wu); Changes and Reform in Financial Markets (H Davies); Strengthening Corporate Governance: Completing the Unfinished Business of SOE Reform (S Y Tong); The Effects and Implications of Foreign Direct Investment in China for Other Developing Economies: Hollowing Out or Filling in? (B Chantasasawat et al.); Changing Land Policies: Ideology and Realities (J Wong & R Liang); Coping with Social Issues and Tensions: Income Inequalities, Limited Social Mobility and Remedial Policies (H Lai); Labor Market Reforms Under Hu-Wen Administration (L Zhao); Managing Social Unrest (Y Cai); From Social Insurance to Social Assistance: Welfare Policy Change (E X Gu); Governments, Markets, and the Health Care Sector (a Blomqvist); Population Development Strategies: The New Thinking (X Peng); Managing China's External Relations: Bush's Asia Policy and US-China Relations (Q Zhao); China and Northeast Asian Cooperation: Building an Unbuildable? (J H Chung); China and Southeast Asia Cooperation: New Developments and Challenges (H Zhang). Readership: University and academic libraries, experts in politics, diplomacy, economics, law and sociology analysts, officials, journalists and segments of public interested in China.
As China’s political and economic influence in the world is rapidly increasing, it is essential to understand how China’s domestic politics affects its foreign political and economic policy. This book offers an accessible, informative and up-to-date systemic analysis of the foreign policy of China. Where mainstream literature on international relations usually suggests that China’s foreign policy is primarily determined by external factors, such as the international system and external settings, this book demonstrates instead that domestic factors profoundly shape China’s foreign policy from the late Mao’s era to the reform era. It demonstrates how China’s foreign policy is driven by the preservation of political and economic regimes; the political survival of the top leader; the top leader’s vision for, and skills in, managing external affairs; the leader’s policy priorities; dramatic events and the process of policymaking. It presents its argument in-depth analysis of major cases of Chinese foreign policy – for example, China’s difficult relations with Southeast Asia; China’s 15-year accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO); China’s oil diplomacy in the recent decade, and the diversified process of foreign policy making in the twenty-first century.
This book develops a set of reference methods capable of modeling uncertainties existing in membership functions, and analyzing and synthesizing the interval type-2 fuzzy systems with desired performances. It also provides numerous simulation results for various examples, which fill certain gaps in this area of research and may serve as benchmark solutions for the readers. Interval type-2 T-S fuzzy models provide a convenient and flexible method for analysis and synthesis of complex nonlinear systems with uncertainties.
This title was first published in 2000: This work provides a new insight into china's township and village enterprises (TVEs). It views the governance structure of TVEs as effectively combining the comparative advantage of local government officials in external management and of dual firm managers in internal management to overcome imperfections in both market and government during the transitional period. Through extensive field investigation analysis and case studies, this work shows that the governance structure of TVEs has been evolving during the past fifteen years. To adapt to the changing environment, TVEs have continuously innovated firm contractual form from a government official dominant fixed-wage form to a partnership style profit-sharing form, then to a privatization oriented fixed-rent form. This work develops a complete model to explain how the central government’s partial reform efforts in market liberalization have become the driving force to induce the contractual form innovation, and to explicate how heterogeneity in firms’ technical structures and in local economic settings may affect local government’s decisions regarding contractual form innovation. Using the author’s unique data set, the model simulations predict that the development in the whole market system will result in the diffusion of contractual form innovation and lead to an 'induced privatization’ in this sector. The following empirical studies show this to be a powerful prediction and the progress toward such ’induced privatization' can be expected in China in near future. This research work provides a rich empirical study on China’s institutional transition towards a market system. It explains how a bottom-up endogenous, instead of top-down exogenous, property rights reform can be realized in transitional economies. This work will serve as a valuable reference for researchers and students in economics, economic development and institutional economics - and especially for those interested in research.
Wireless technologies and applications are becoming one of the fastest growing and most promising areas in recent years. To accommodate data transmission by multiple stations sharing the scarce wireless bandwidth, a medium access control (MAC) protocol plays a crucial role in scheduling packet transmission fairly and efficiently. The emerging wireless networks, such as ad-hoc networks, sensor networks or mesh networks, are mostly multi-hop based and in distributed manner, which brings a lot of problems and challenges in designing fine-tuned MAC protocols tailored for modern wireless network. In this book, the authors give complete and in-depth overviews to the classic medium access control algorithms and the related protocols, as well as their applications in various wireless data networks especially the most successful Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). The book consists of three major parts. Part I of this book, including Chapters 1-7, is emphasising on the fundamentals of medium access control algorithms and protocols. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the wireless networks, such as overview of wireless networks, problems and challenges of the wireless networks, and the classifications of MAC protocols as well as the performance metrics. Chapter 2 introduces important collision resolution algorithms applied in medium access controls, for example, the splitting algorithm and the backoff algorithm. Chapter 3 reviews the hybrid access control algorithms that combine both contention and allocation schemes. A series of important collision avoidance schemes are introduced in Chapters 4-7 respectively, with a specific design goal covered in each chapter. Chapter 4 focuses on the multi-channel MAC protocols for collision avoidance; Chapter 5 introduces the concepts of power control and power management in medium access control and how they can be applied in MAC protocol design; Chapter 6 presents how to provide Quality-of- Service (QoS) to multimedia wireless networks, in either centralised or distributed manner; and Chapter 7 explains how the smart antennas can be applied in the medium access control to provide high channel throughput and low packet collision.
The decision to initiate a High Tide of agricultural co-operativisation in 1955 in China, is documented in this text. The social impact, policy conflict and leadership style of Mao is detailed, drawing upon documentary sources, interviews with Party historians, and a chronology of events.
Liutex and Its Applications in Turbulence Research reviews the history of vortex definition, provides an accurate mathematical definition of vortices, and explains their applications in flow transition, turbulent flow, flow control, and turbulent flow experiments. The book explains the term "Rortex" as a mathematically defined rigid rotation of fluids or vortex, which could help solve many longstanding problems in turbulence research. The accurate mathematical definition of the vortex is important in a range of industrial contexts, including aerospace, turbine machinery, combustion, and electronic cooling systems, so there are many areas of research that can benefit from the innovations described here. This book provides a thorough survey of the latest research in generalized and flow-thermal, unified, law-of-the-wall for wall-bounded turbulence. Important theory and methodologies used for developing these laws are described in detail, including: the classification of the conventional turbulent boundary layer concept based on proper velocity scaling; the methodology for identification of the scales of velocity, temperature, and length needed to establish the law; and the discovery, proof, and strict validations of the laws, with both Reynolds and Prandtl number independency properties using DNS data. The establishment of these statistical laws is important to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer research, and greatly expands our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence. - Provides an accurate mathematical definition of vortices - Provides a thorough survey of the latest research in generalized and flow-thermal, unified, law-of-the-wall for wall-bounded turbulence - Explains the term "Rortex as a mathematically defined rigid rotation of fluids or vortex - Covers the statistical laws important to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer research, and greatly expands our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.