This book explores the relationship between cultural strategies and their biological outcomes, combining for the first time an ecosystems approach with cultural anthropological, archaeological and evolutionary behavioural concepts. Beginning with resource use and food procurement behaviour, the text examines major subsistence modes, the circumstances and dynamics of large-scale subsistence change, the effect of social differentiation on resource use and the effects of subsistence behaviour on population development and regulation.
For the first time in a generation, here is a bold new account of the Battle of the Marne, a cataclysmic encounter that prevented a quick German victory in World War I and changed the course of two wars and the world. With exclusive information based on newly unearthed documents, Holger H. Herwig re-creates the dramatic battle and reinterprets Germany’s aggressive “Schlieffen Plan” as a carefully crafted design to avoid a protracted war against superior coalitions. He paints a fresh portrait of the run-up to the Marne and puts in dazzling relief the Battle of the Marne itself: the French resolve to win, and the crucial lack of coordination between Germany’s First and Second Armies. Herwig also provides stunning cameos of all the important players, from Germany’s Chief of General Staff Helmuth von Moltke to his rival, France’s Joseph Joffre. Revelatory and riveting, this is the source on this seminal event.
Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms are among the most prominent and successful techniques for solving computationally difficult problems. Offering a systematic treatment of SLS algorithms, this book examines the general concepts and specific instances of SLS algorithms and considers their development, analysis and application.
This book is based on a PhD dissertation which was accepted by the faculty of Law and Economics at the University of Bern, Switzerland. The ideas presented were partially developed in a research project founded by the Swiss National Sci ence Foundation in 1993 and 1994. This research project was concerned with evaluating the application of database triggers and active databases for the im plementation of business rules. We recognized among other things the lack of a methodology for modeling such business rules on the conceptual level. Therefore, this became the focus of the follow-up research which resulted in this book. All this work would not have been possible without the help of several people. First of all, I would like to give special thanks to my thesis supervisor Prof. Dr. Gerhard Knolmayer. He not only initiated the research project and found an in dustry partner, but also provided very valuable ideas, and critically reviewed and discussed the resulting publications. Furthermore, I would like to express my thanks to the second thesis supervisor Prof. Dr. Sham Navathe from Georgia In stitute of Technology who influenced my work with results from a former re search project and who agreed to evaluate the resulting PhD Dissertation.
The Great War toppled four empires, cost the world 24 million dead, and sowed the seeds of another worldwide conflict 20 years later. This is the only book in the English language to offer comprehensive coverage of how Germany and Austria-Hungary, two of the key belligerents, conducted the war and what defeat meant to them. This new edition has been thoroughly updated throughout, including new developments in the historiography and, in particular, addressing new work on the cultural history of the war. This edition also includes: - New material on the domestic front, covering Austria-Hungary's internal political frictions and ethnic fissures - More on Austria-Hungary and Germany's position within the wider geopolitical framework - Increased coverage of the Eastern front The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918 offers an authoritative and well-researched survey of the role of the Central powers that will be an invaluable text for all those studying the First World War and the development of modern warfare.
This book provides interesting and critical insights into a common university practice, the academic office hour. Office hours are a discursive site for a variety of different issues, ranging from administrative matters to course-related and study-related concerns. The study offers both an ethnographic account of this speech event within the socio-cultural context of a German university as well as a more detailed analysis of the interactional organization of academic consultations. It draws on natural recordings of entire office hour interactions in order to show how participants’ actions at different stages of the talk organize and accomplish the consultation. The analytical focus is set on the sequential activities teachers and students engage in as they conduct a consultation. This includes, for instance, how participants open an office hour talk, how they establish an agenda, how they manage advice-giving, and how they close the consultation. As such, this book will be of practical use to students and faculty members as well as scholars from different disciplines who work in the areas of institutional talk and talk-in-interaction.
H4 R is the newest member of the histamine receptor family, which was discovered about twelve years ago. It is considered a very promising drug target. The effort to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the currently available H4 R ligands is reflected in a steadily growing number of scientific publications and patent applications. Preclinical data strongly confirms the need for novel potent H4 R ligands to explore their therapeutic value in allergy, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and possibly, cancer. Readers will be provided with extensive knowledge on histamine metabolism, as well as cellular histamine transport, storage and release, effects of histamine and histamine receptor ligands, with particular attention to the H4 R, on inflammatory cells including mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. The present knowledge on the regulatory role of histamine and the therapeutic exploitation of histamine receptor ligands in atopic diseases, with emphasis on human and animal models of asthma, allergic dermatitis and pruritus are discussed.
Policy instruments are techniques used to implement policy goals. Subject to political conflict, they address the relationship between those who govern and those who are governed. Why do political actors choose certain policy instruments to implement policy goals? Systematically comparing policy instruments employed in the European Union's environmental and social policy, Holger Bähr develops a general theoretical framework to illustrate how policy-makers prefer different types of policy instruments depending on the respective effect they wish to have on member state governments, citizens, consumers, and producers. He argues that institutions, the politicisation of policy problems and external events constrain political actors and provide them with the opportunity to transfer their preferred policy instruments into policy outputs at the end of decision-making.
This handbook describes the categorisation and preparation of different types of particles as samples for static image analysis. It is structured as guideline for the practical work in the lab. Thus, the structure offers a pragmatical path to guide the user independend from type and source of the sample as quick as possible to a reasonable method of sample preparation. Different ways of preparation, which have been elaborated systematically for different types of samples are documented and summarised as uniform guideline. Adequate parameters for the subsequent scanning and evaluation are listed as additional recommendation. General aim is the harmonisation of sample preparation for various materials (not exhibiting free-flowing properties) by the optimised preparation methods documented in this handbook in order to assist the competent user. Translated from the German 'Handbuch zur Vorbereitung von Proben für die statische Bildanalyse - Leitfaden für Praktiker im Labor -' (Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt DE 2023 | ISBN: 9783743172838).
The renowned authors of this ECFR special volume systematically develop legal standards and regulatory frameworks for closed corporations in Europe (including of course the Societas Privata Europaea), putting a strong focus on the economic practice and efficiency. The profound, in-depth analysis of the objectives and strategies comes to groundbreaking insights and also offers specific solutions for a multitude of practical aspects.
Policy instruments are techniques used to implement policy goals. Subject to political conflict, they address the relationship between those who govern and those who are governed. Why do political actors choose certain policy instruments to implement policy goals? Systematically comparing policy instruments employed in the European Union's environmental and social policy, Holger Bähr develops a general theoretical framework to illustrate how policy-makers prefer different types of policy instruments depending on the respective effect they wish to have on member state governments, citizens, consumers, and producers. He argues that institutions, the politicisation of policy problems and external events constrain political actors and provide them with the opportunity to transfer their preferred policy instruments into policy outputs at the end of decision-making.
Diente der Krieg als Katalysator religiösen Wandels? Dieser Frage geht Holger Berg am Beispiel Erfurts in der Zeit des Dreißigjährigen Krieges nach. Zuwiderlaufende Thesen über die Stärkung bzw. den Abbruch bestehender Lehren infolge des Krieges werden anhand des reichhaltigen Quellenmaterials erstmals empirisch überprüft. Während u.a. Predigten und Erbauungsbücher die Lehren vierer Pfarrer dokumentieren, geben historiographische Handschriften Auskunft über die Überzeugungen der Laien. Der breit angelegte Blickwinkel auf Pfarrer und Gemeindeglieder bietet nuancierte Ergebnisse sowohl für die Kirchengeschichte als auch für die historisch-anthropologische Forschung. Wer sich für den Zusammenhang von Leid, gelebtem Glauben und Kriegserfahrungen interessiert, gewinnt hier ungewöhnliche Einblicke.
This book presents a new system of solar cells. Colloidal nanocrystals possess many physical and chemical properties which can be manipulated by advanced control over structural features like the particle size. One application field is photovoltaics where colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are explored as components of photo-active layers which can be produced from liquid media, often in combination with conductive polymers. The further development of this interdisciplinary field of research requires a deep understanding of the physics and chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals, conducting polymers and photovoltaic devices. This book aims at bridging gaps between the involved scientific disciplines and presents important fundamentals and the current state of research of relevant materials and different types of nanoparticle-based solar cells. The book will be of interest to researchers and PhD students. Moreover, it may also serve to accompany specialized lectures in related areas.
Providing a catalogue of suggested solutions for different categories of issues, this book offers a balanced overview and methodological examples for the practical implementation of the CRA. It considers CRA in the USA, Europe and Germany, using case studies to analyze and exemplify the decision-making processes and challenges involved. The authors then go on to look at the practical lessons learned from these case studies, together with an in-depth discussion of the underlying scientific hypotheses. Sound scientific knowledge for everyone who makes decisions, whether government ministers, regulators, or company directors.
The study tackles the subject in a new and unique way: Due to the fact that the borders between classical academic disciplines disappear at the nanoscale, a truly interdisciplinary approach is chosen. A functional definition of nanotechnology is developed by the authors as basis for the further sections of the study. The most important results enable recommendations with respect to scientific progress, industrial relevance, economic potential, educational needs, potential adverse health effects and philosophical aspects of nanotechnology. The book addresses the relevant decision levels, media, and academia.
This present book provides an alternative approach to study the pre-kernel solution of transferable utility games based on a generalized conjugation theory from convex analysis. Although the pre-kernel solution possesses an appealing axiomatic foundation that lets one consider this solution concept as a standard of fairness, the pre-kernel and its related solutions are regarded as obscure and too technically complex to be treated as a real alternative to the Shapley value. Comprehensible and efficient computability is widely regarded as a desirable feature to qualify a solution concept apart from its axiomatic foundation as a standard of fairness. We review and then improve an approach to compute the pre-kernel of a cooperative game by the indirect function. The indirect function is known as the Fenchel-Moreau conjugation of the characteristic function. Extending the approach with the indirect function, we are able to characterize the pre-kernel of the grand coalition simply by the solution sets of a family of quadratic objective functions.
This volume presents a translation into English of Holger Pedersen’s Et Blik på Sprogvidenskabens Historie (Copenhagen 1916). In addition, it provides an introductory article by E.F.K. Koerner on Pedersen’s life and work, and a bibliography of his writings.
A deductive kinematic model of creep-feed and speed-stroke grinding processes is developed to identify possibilities to reduce the energy introduced into the workpiece. By computer tomography analysis and tactile measurements of the grinding wheel the pore volume and the static cutting edge number are determined and included in the model. Based on the kinematic model and the grinding wheel characteristics an analytical evaluation of the specific grinding energy for speed-stroke and creep-feed grinding is carried out. The deducted process design is evaluated in experimental investigations. The generated model is evaluated by determining specific process values for the grinding forces and the grinding energy.
This open access book investigates the inter-relationship between the mind and a potential opportunity to explore the psychology of entrepreneurship. Building on recent research, this book offers a broad scope investigation of the different aspects of what goes on in the mind of the (potential) entrepreneur as he or she considers the pursuit of a potential opportunity, the creation of a new organization, and/or the selection of an entrepreneurial career. This book focuses on individuals as the level of analysis and explores the impact of the organization and the environment only inasmuch as they impact the individual’s cognitions. Readers will learn why some individuals and managers are able to able to identify and successfully act upon opportunities in uncertain environments while others are not. This book applies a cognitive lens to understand individuals’ knowledge, motivation, attention, identity, and emotions in the entrepreneurial process.
This fully updated compendium of research, history, scientific theory, and practice amalgamates various evidence-based research findings and their practical implications for professionals who use yoga or refer patients to yoga practice. Chapters cover the implementation of yoga for various illnesses and conditions from paediatrics to geriatrics. The expanded second edition includes updated contributions from leading biomedical researchers and therapists, brand new research on telemedicine, chronic pain, and mental health conditions, and a new chapter specifically on the implementation of yoga therapy in medical systems and healthcare with a focus on international perspectives and public perceptions. This second edition now includes a more narrative tone, a 'How to Read the Book' section, and a significantly expanded index to increase accessibility.
Well-researched and welcome work on the German efforts to train the Chilean army during the Parliamentary Regime (1891-1924). Argues convincingly that what appeared outwardly to be a Prussian-style military was in reality an ill-fed, poorly equipped mili
This book surveys semiconductor superlattices, in particular their growth and electronic properties in an applied electric field perpendicular to the layers. The main developments in this field, which were achieved in the last five to seven years, are summarized. The electronic properties include transport through minibands at low electric field strengths, the Wannier-Stark localization and Bloch oscillations at intermediate electric field strengths, resonant tunneling of electrons and holes between different subbands, and the formation of electric field domains for large carrier densities at high electric field strengths.
The experience of architectural spaces is formed by the way they are staged. The Drama of Space examines the composition and articulation of architectural spaces in terms of spatial dramaturgy, as a repertoire of means and strategies for shaping spatial experience. This fundamental approach to architectural design is presented in four parts: Archetypal principles of spatial composition are traced from the study of three assembly buildings of the early modern period in Venice. Theatre, film, music, and theory provide background knowledge on dramaturgy. Detailed analyses of 18 international case studies offer new perspectives on contemporary architecture. The book ends with a systematic presentation of the dramaturgy of space, its parameters and tools, in architectural design.
A MULTI-FACETED, HIERARCHIC ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL MICRO PROCESS TECHNOLOGY Micro Reactor Differentiation and Process Intensification Consequences of Chemical Micro Processing Physical and Chemical Implications Impact on Chemical Engineering Impact on Process Engineering Impact on Process Results Impact on Society and Ecology Impact on Economy Application Fields and Markets of Micro Reactors MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF MICRO REACTORS Flow Phenomena on the Microscale Methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics Flow Distributions Heat Transfer Mass Transfer and Mixing Reaction Kinetics and Modelling Free Surface Flow Flow in Porous Media GAS-PHASE REACTIONS Catalyst Coatings in Micro Channels Micro Reactors for Gas-Phase Reactions Oxidations Hydrogenations Dehydrogenations Substitutions Eliminations Additions and Coupling Reactions LIQUID- AND LIQUID/LIQUID-PHASE REACTIONS Micro Reactors for Liquid-Phase and Liquid/Liquid-Phase Recations Aliphatic Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Substitution such as Esterification, Acylation of Amines, Thiocyanation, and much more Aromatic Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Substitution such as Nitrations, Amino-de-halogenations, Diazo Chemistry, and much more Metal-catalysed Aromatic Substitution such as Suzuki and Sonogashira Couplings, and more Free Radical Substitution such as Alkane Nitration Addition to Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-hetero Multiple Bonds such as the Michael Addition, the Diels-Alder-Reaction, the Aldol Reaction, and much more Oxidations and Reductions Eliminations and Rearrangements Inorganic Reactions such as the Belousov-Zhabotinskii-Reaction, Complex Formations, and much more GAS/LIQUID CONTACTING Micro Reactors for Gas/Liquid Contacting Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution such as Direct Fluorinations Free Radical Substitution such as Alkane Fluorinations and Chlorinations Addition to Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-hetero Multiple Bonds such as Nitro-group Hydrogenation, Cycloalkane Hydrogenation, and more Oxidations and Reductions such as Alcohol Oxidation, Photo Diels-Alder Reactions, and more Inorganic Reactions such as Sulfite Oxidation.
This book presents a comprehensive study of how children acquire complex sentences. Drawing on observational data from English-speaking children aged 2 to 5, Holger Diessel investigates the acquisition of infinitival and participial complement clauses, finite complement clauses, finite and nonfinite relative clauses, adverbial clauses, and coordinate clauses. His investigation shows that the development of complex sentences originates from simple non-embedded sentences and that two different developmental pathways can be distinguished: complex sentences including complement and relative clauses evolve from simple sentences that are gradually expanded to multiple-clause constructions, and complex sentences including adverbial and coordinate clauses develop from simple sentences that are integrated in a specific biclausal unit. He argues that the acquisition process is determined by a variety of factors: the frequency of the various complex sentences in the ambient language, the semantic and syntactic complexity of the emerging constructions, the communicative functions of complex sentences, and the social-cognitive development of the child.
Focuses on a number of peace movements in Britain and West Germany from the end of Second World War in 1945 to the early 1970s to understand how European societies experienced and reacted to the Cold War.
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