This book is based on a PhD dissertation which was accepted by the faculty of Law and Economics at the University of Bern, Switzerland. The ideas presented were partially developed in a research project founded by the Swiss National Sci ence Foundation in 1993 and 1994. This research project was concerned with evaluating the application of database triggers and active databases for the im plementation of business rules. We recognized among other things the lack of a methodology for modeling such business rules on the conceptual level. Therefore, this became the focus of the follow-up research which resulted in this book. All this work would not have been possible without the help of several people. First of all, I would like to give special thanks to my thesis supervisor Prof. Dr. Gerhard Knolmayer. He not only initiated the research project and found an in dustry partner, but also provided very valuable ideas, and critically reviewed and discussed the resulting publications. Furthermore, I would like to express my thanks to the second thesis supervisor Prof. Dr. Sham Navathe from Georgia In stitute of Technology who influenced my work with results from a former re search project and who agreed to evaluate the resulting PhD Dissertation.
It is one of the central claims of construction grammar that constructions are organized in some kind of network, commonly referred to as the constructicon. In the classical model of construction grammar, developed by Berkeley linguists in the 1990s, the constructicon is an inheritance network of taxonomically related grammatical patterns. However, recent research in usage-based linguistics has expanded the classical inheritance model into a multidimensional network approach in which constructions are interrelated by multiple types of associations. The multidimensional network approach challenges longstanding assumptions of linguistic research and calls for a reorganization of the constructivist approach. This Element describes how the conception of the constructicon has changed in recent years and elaborates on some central claims of the multidimensional network approach.
The Great War toppled four empires, cost the world 24 million dead, and sowed the seeds of another worldwide conflict 20 years later. This is the only book in the English language to offer comprehensive coverage of how Germany and Austria-Hungary, two of the key belligerents, conducted the war and what defeat meant to them. This new edition has been thoroughly updated throughout, including new developments in the historiography and, in particular, addressing new work on the cultural history of the war. This edition also includes: - New material on the domestic front, covering Austria-Hungary's internal political frictions and ethnic fissures - More on Austria-Hungary and Germany's position within the wider geopolitical framework - Increased coverage of the Eastern front The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918 offers an authoritative and well-researched survey of the role of the Central powers that will be an invaluable text for all those studying the First World War and the development of modern warfare.
This book provides interesting and critical insights into a common university practice, the academic office hour. Office hours are a discursive site for a variety of different issues, ranging from administrative matters to course-related and study-related concerns. The study offers both an ethnographic account of this speech event within the socio-cultural context of a German university as well as a more detailed analysis of the interactional organization of academic consultations. It draws on natural recordings of entire office hour interactions in order to show how participants actions at different stages of the talk organize and accomplish the consultation. The analytical focus is set on the sequential activities teachers and students engage in as they conduct a consultation. This includes, for instance, how participants open an office hour talk, how they establish an agenda, how they manage advice-giving, and how they close the consultation. As such, this book will be of practical use to students and faculty members as well as scholars from different disciplines who work in the areas of institutional talk and talk-in-interaction.
His Unknown Life Before And After The Crucifixion. Why Has Christianity Chosen To Ignore Its Connections With The Religions Of The East, And To Dismiss Repeatedly The Numerous Claims That Jesus Spent A Large Part Of His Life In India? This Compelling Book Presents Irrefutable Evidence That Jesus Did Indeed Live In India, Dying There In Old Age. The Result Of Many Years Of Investigative Research, Jesus Lived In India Takes The Reader To All The Historical Sites Connected With Jesus In Israel, The Middle East, Afghanistan And India. As Well As Revealing Age-Old Links Between The Israelites And The East, The Evidence Found By Theologian Holger Kersten Points To The Following Startling Conclusions: In His Youth Jesus Followed The Ancient Silk Road To India. While There He Studied Buddhism, Adopting Its Tenets And Becoming A Spiritual Master. Jesus Survived The Crucifixion. After The Resurrection Jesus Returned To India To Die In Old Age. Jesus Was Buried In Srinagar, The Capital Of Jammu And Kashmir, Where He Continues To Be Revered As A Saintly Man. The Tomb Of Jesus Still Exists In Kashmir.
This volume investigates the ambition of the Red International of Labour Unions to radicalize the global waterfront during the interwar period. The main vehicle was the International Propaganda Committee of Transport Workers, replaced in 1930 by the International of Seamen and Harbour Workers as well as their agitation and propaganda centres, the International Harbour Bureaus and the International Seamen’s Clubs. The book scrutinizes their solidarity campaigns in support of local and national strikes as well as on their agitation against discrimination, segregation and racism within the unions, their demands to organize non-white maritime transport workers, and their calls for engagement in anti-fascist, anti-war and anti-imperialist actions.
This thesis discusses deflectometry as a reconstruction method for highly reflecting surfaces. It focuses on deflectometry alone and does not use other reconstruction techniques to supplement with additional data. It explains the measurement process and principle and provides a crash course into an efficient mathematical representation of the principles involved. Using this, it reformulates existing three-dimensional reconstructing methods, expands upon them and develops new ones.
In Framing a Radical African Atlantic Holger Weiss presents a critical outline and analysis of the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers (ITUCNW) and the attempts by the Communist International (Comintern) to establish an anticolonial political platform in the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa during the interwar period. It is the first presentation about the organization and its activities, investigating the background and objectives, the establishment and expansion of a radical African (black) Atlantic network between 1930 and 1933, the crisis in 1933 when the organization was relocated from Hamburg to Paris, the attempt to reactivate the network in 1934 and 1935 and its final dissolution and liquidation in 1937-38.
This explorative study gives a descriptive overview of what organizations do and experience when they say they practice design thinking. It looks at how the concept has been appropriated in organizations and also describes patterns of design thinking adoption. The authors use a mixed-method research design fed by two sources: questionnaire data and semi-structured personal expert interviews. The study proceeds in six parts: (1) design thinking¹s entry points into organizations; (2) understandings of the descriptor; (3) its fields of application and organizational localization; (4) its perceived impact; (5) reasons for its discontinuation or failure; and (6) attempts to measure its success. In conclusion the report challenges managers to be more conscious of their current design thinking practice. The authors suggest a co-evolution of the concept¹s introduction with innovation capability building and the respective changes in leadership approaches. It is argued that this might help in unfolding design thinking¹s hidden potentials as well as preventing unintended side-effects such as discontented teams or the dwindling authority of managers.
Current debates about taxes are dominated by references to foreign models. The contributors to this book explore how ideas about taxation were transferred between and within countries from the mid-eighteenth century to the present. They send out a word of caution to current policymakers looking for straightforward solutions from abroad.
A new history of globalization and empire at the crossroads of the Pacific. Located halfway between HawaiÔi and Australia, the islands of Samoa have long been a center of Oceanian cultural and economic exchange. Accustomed to exercising agency in trade and diplomacy, Samoans found themselves enmeshed in a new form of globalization after missionaries and traders arrived in the middle of the nineteenth century. As the great powers of Europe and America competed to bring Samoa into their orbits, Germany and the United States eventually agreed to divide the islands for their burgeoning colonial holdings. In Coconut Colonialism, Holger Droessler examines the Samoan response through the lives of its workers. Ordinary SamoansÑsome on large plantations, others on their own small holdingsÑpicked and processed coconuts and cocoa, tapped rubber trees, and built roads and ports that brought cash crops to Europe and North America. At the same time, Samoans redefined their own way of being in the worldÑwhat Droessler terms ÒOceanian globalityÓÑto challenge German and American visions of a global economy that in fact served only the needs of Western capitalism. Through cooperative farming, Samoans contested the exploitative wage-labor system introduced by colonial powers. The islanders also participated in ethnographic shows around the world, turning them into diplomatic missions and making friends with fellow colonized peoples. Samoans thereby found ways to press their own agendas and regain a degree of independence. Based on research in multiple languages and countries, Coconut Colonialism offers new insights into the global history of labor and empire at the dawn of the twentieth century.
An increasing demand on functionality and flexibility leads to an integration of beforehand isolated system solutions building a so-called System of Systems (SoS). Furthermore, the overall SoS should be adaptive to react on changing requirements and environmental conditions. Due SoS are composed of different independent systems that may join or leave the overall SoS at arbitrary point in times, the SoS structure varies during the systems lifetime and the overall SoS behavior emerges from the capabilities of the contained subsystems. In such complex system ensembles new demands of understanding the interaction among subsystems, the coupling of shared system knowledge and the influence of local adaptation strategies to the overall resulting system behavior arise. In this report, we formulate research questions with the focus of modeling interactions between system parts inside a SoS. Furthermore, we define our notion of important system types and terms by retrieving the current state of the art from literature. Having a common understanding of SoS, we discuss a set of typical SoS characteristics and derive general requirements for a collaboration modeling language. Additionally, we retrieve a broad spectrum of real scenarios and frameworks from literature and discuss how these scenarios cope with different characteristics of SoS. Finally, we discuss the state of the art for existing modeling languages that cope with collaborations for different system types such as SoS.
At the intersection of mathematics, engineering, and computer science sits the thriving field of compressive sensing. Based on the premise that data acquisition and compression can be performed simultaneously, compressive sensing finds applications in imaging, signal processing, and many other domains. In the areas of applied mathematics, electrical engineering, and theoretical computer science, an explosion of research activity has already followed the theoretical results that highlighted the efficiency of the basic principles. The elegant ideas behind these principles are also of independent interest to pure mathematicians. A Mathematical Introduction to Compressive Sensing gives a detailed account of the core theory upon which the field is build. With only moderate prerequisites, it is an excellent textbook for graduate courses in mathematics, engineering, and computer science. It also serves as a reliable resource for practitioners and researchers in these disciplines who want to acquire a careful understanding of the subject. A Mathematical Introduction to Compressive Sensing uses a mathematical perspective to present the core of the theory underlying compressive sensing.
Graph databases provide a natural way of storing and querying graph data. In contrast to relational databases, queries over graph databases enable to refer directly to the graph structure of such graph data. For example, graph pattern matching can be employed to formulate queries over graph data. However, as for relational databases running complex queries can be very time-consuming and ruin the interactivity with the database. One possible approach to deal with this performance issue is to employ database views that consist of pre-computed answers to common and often stated queries. But to ensure that database views yield consistent query results in comparison with the data from which they are derived, these database views must be updated before queries make use of these database views. Such a maintenance of database views must be performed efficiently, otherwise the effort to create and maintain views may not pay off in comparison to processing the queries directly on the data from which the database views are derived. At the time of writing, graph databases do not support database views and are limited to graph indexes that index nodes and edges of the graph data for fast query evaluation, but do not enable to maintain pre-computed answers of complex queries over graph data. Moreover, the maintenance of database views in graph databases becomes even more challenging when negation and recursion have to be supported as in deductive relational databases. In this technical report, we present an approach for the efficient and scalable incremental graph view maintenance for deductive graph databases. The main concept of our approach is a generalized discrimination network that enables to model nested graph conditions including negative application conditions and recursion, which specify the content of graph views derived from graph data stored by graph databases. The discrimination network enables to automatically derive generic maintenance rules using graph transformations for maintaining graph views in case the graph data from which the graph views are derived change. We evaluate our approach in terms of a case study using multiple data sets derived from open source projects.
Focuses on a number of peace movements in Britain and West Germany from the end of Second World War in 1945 to the early 1970s to understand how European societies experienced and reacted to the Cold War.
Graph transformation systems are a powerful formal model to capture model transformations or systems with infinite state space, among others. However, this expressive power comes at the cost of rather limited automated analysis capabilities. The general case of unbounded many initial graphs or infinite state spaces is only supported by approaches with rather limited scalability or expressiveness. In this report we improve an existing approach for the automated verification of inductive invariants for graph transformation systems. By employing partial negative application conditions to represent and check many alternative conditions in a more compact manner, we can check examples with rules and constraints of substantially higher complexity. We also substantially extend the expressive power by supporting more complex negative application conditions and provide higher accuracy by employing advanced implication checks. The improvements are evaluated and compared with another applicable tool by considering three case studies.
Scientific Study from the year 2007 in the subject Cultural Studies - Miscellaneous, grade: keine, Cornell University (Departement of History), language: English, abstract: Der amerikanische Diplomat und Universitätsgründer Andrew Dickson White besuchte im Jahr 1880 Deutschland und wurde Zeuge von zwei kulturellen Ereignissen, die noch heute für deutsche Theaterkultur stehen: Oberammergau und Bayreuth. White zeigte sich fasziniert von Oberammergau, dessen religiösen Ernst er lobte und angewidert von Richard Wagners Gralsopern, denen er eine gewisse Künstlichkeit anmerkte. Aus Whites Einschätzung wird nicht nur die Mentalität des Amerikaners deutlich, vielmehr auch die allgemeine Einschäztung der beiden Kulturerscheinungen. In dieser Studie wird dargelegt, wie die beiden Festspielorte Bayreuth und Oberammergau aus der Sicht eines Zeitgenossen beschrieben werden und wofür sie standen.
This book presents a large number of smart metering applications from the points of view of different stakeholders. The applications are clustered with respect to three types of stakeholders: (a) end-customers, (b) energy service providers, and (c) authorities/research institutions or other organizations. The goal of the book is to examine the implementation potential for each application, considering the interests and benefits for the key stakeholders, main technical and regulatory requirements, as well as limitations and barriers. A business case for each application is created that can provide guidelines to the stakeholders involved in its realization. The book additionally investigates current business models for smart metering applications. A survey on the current techno-economic potential of such applications is conducted based on a questionnaire filled by various stakeholders. The book will be of interest to academic/research institutions, but also engineers in industry, authorities or other organizations.
This book is based on a PhD dissertation which was accepted by the faculty of Law and Economics at the University of Bern, Switzerland. The ideas presented were partially developed in a research project founded by the Swiss National Sci ence Foundation in 1993 and 1994. This research project was concerned with evaluating the application of database triggers and active databases for the im plementation of business rules. We recognized among other things the lack of a methodology for modeling such business rules on the conceptual level. Therefore, this became the focus of the follow-up research which resulted in this book. All this work would not have been possible without the help of several people. First of all, I would like to give special thanks to my thesis supervisor Prof. Dr. Gerhard Knolmayer. He not only initiated the research project and found an in dustry partner, but also provided very valuable ideas, and critically reviewed and discussed the resulting publications. Furthermore, I would like to express my thanks to the second thesis supervisor Prof. Dr. Sham Navathe from Georgia In stitute of Technology who influenced my work with results from a former re search project and who agreed to evaluate the resulting PhD Dissertation.
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