This book is devoted to highly polished and potentiated novel C couplings developed by our group (M. Suzuki) in the course of a long-term, tight collaboration of chemistry, biology, and medicine experts, focusing on advanced organometallic techniques for the construction of a whole prostaglandin (PG) framework and new methodology for introducing short-lived 11C radionuclide into carbon frameworks. The book is written to attract the interest of scientists working in chemistry and interdisciplinary research areas such as medicinal chemistry, radiochemistry, chemical biology, molecular imaging, and related industries.
This book covers the industrial aspects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for solid-state lighting (SSL). The author targets his approach primarily to industrial engineers, in order to guide them in the LED industry. The coverage is highly-applied and based on author’s 32 years of experience in the LED industry and academia. The book starts by addressing the needs that new engineers encounter in an LED company, e.g., characterization, manufacturing, and applications. Later chapters introduce deeper science for more experienced engineers and academic readers. As a result, this book can benefit LED engineers throughout their career.
This book covers a broad range of filter theories, algorithms, and numerical examples. The representative linear and nonlinear filters such as the Kalman filter, the steady-state Kalman filter, the H infinity filter, the extended Kalman filter, the Gaussian sum filter, the statistically linearized Kalman filter, the unscented Kalman filter, the Gaussian filter, the cubature Kalman filter are first visited. Then, the non-Gaussian filters such as the ensemble Kalman filter and the particle filters based on the sequential Bayesian filter and the sequential importance resampling are described, together with their recent advances. Moreover, the information matrix in the nonlinear filtering, the nonlinear smoother based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo, the continuous-discrete filters, factorized filters, and nonlinear filters based on stochastic approximation method are detailed. 1 Review of the Kalman Filter and Related Filters 2 Information Matrix in Nonlinear Filtering 3 Extended Kalman Filter and Gaussian Sum Filter 4 Statistically Linearized Kalman Filter 5 The Unscented Kalman Filter 6 General Gaussian Filters and Applications 7 The Ensemble Kalman Filter 8 Particle Filter 9 Nonlinear Smoother with Markov Chain Monte Carlo 10 Continuous-Discrete Filters 11 Factorized Filters 12 Nonlinear Filters Based on Stochastic Approximation Method
For a nonlinear filtering problem, the most heuristic and easiest approximation is to use the Taylor series expansion and apply the conventional linear recursive Kalman filter algorithm directly to the linearized nonlinear measurement and transition equations. First, it is discussed that the Taylor series expansion approach gives us the biased estimators. Next, a Monte-Carlo simulation filter is proposed, where each expectation of the nonlinear functions is evaluated generating random draws. It is shown from Monte-Carlo experiments that the Monte-Carlo simulation filter yields the unbiased but inefficient estimator. Anotherapproach to the nonlinear filtering problem is to approximate the underlyingdensity functions of the state vector. In this monograph, a nonlinear and nonnormal filter is proposed by utilizing Monte-Carlo integration, in which a recursive algorithm of the weighting functions is derived. The densityapproximation approach gives us an asymptotically unbiased estimator. Moreover, in terms of programming and computational time, the nonlinear filter using Monte-Carlo integration can be easily extended to higher dimensional cases, compared with Kitagawa's nonlinear filter using numericalintegration.
This comprehensive, illustrated guide presents representative general surgery, including gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary and inguinal hernia. Surgery is generally based on the microanatomy; however, in practice surgery involves more dynamic and floating anatomy. In the last decade, the methods have been constantly improved, shedding new light on classical anatomical science. Laparoscopic is one such methodology. All illustrations presented in this book have been drawn by the author – a pioneering surgeon – and show real-world procedures. All the methods introduced are practical and have been refined based on the precise clinical and embryological anatomy. This unique book offers readers essential insights into efficient and high-integrity surgeries in abdominal region. As such, it is a valuable resource for all gastrointestinal surgeons.
This book discusses discrete geometric analysis, especially topological crystallography and discrete surface theory for trivalent discrete surfaces. Topological crystallography, based on graph theory, provides the most symmetric structure among given combinatorial structures by using the variational principle, and it can reproduce crystal structures existing in nature. In this regard, the topological crystallography founded by Kotani and Sunada is explained by using many examples. Carbon structures such as fullerenes are considered as trivalent discrete surfaces from the viewpoint of discrete geometric analysis. Discrete surface theories usually have been considered discretization of smooth surfaces. Here, consideration is given to discrete surfaces modeled by crystal/molecular structures, which are essentially discrete objects.
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It overviews the poisoning which occurred in the 1950s and 1960s among the residents in Minamata who ate seafood contaminated with methylmercury discharged from the chemical factory, Chisso Corporation. It describes the history, symptoms pathogenesis and research on the causal agent, and discusses the responses of Chisso and the national and local governments to the outbreak, the victims, the compensation and environmental restructuring as well as the court ruling on claims. Based on lecture notes from a university course, it includes students’ suggestions for avoiding a repeat of the tragedy. The issue has not been settled yet, and this analysis of the incident provides useful insights into solutions to the current global mercury pollution problem.
This book is the first one in which basic demographic models are rigorously formulated by using modern age-structured population dynamics, extended to study real-world population problems. Age structure is a crucial factor in understanding population phenomena, and the essential ideas in demography and epidemiology cannot be understood without mathematical formulation; therefore, this book gives readers a robust mathematical introduction to human population studies. In the first part of the volume, classical demographic models such as the stable population model and its linear extensions, density-dependent nonlinear models, and pair-formation models are formulated by the McKendrick partial differential equation and are analyzed from a dynamical system point of view. In the second part, mathematical models for infectious diseases spreading at the population level are examined by using nonlinear differential equations and a renewal equation. Since an epidemic can be seen as a nonlinear renewal process of an infected population, this book will provide a natural unification point of view for demography and epidemiology. The well-known epidemic threshold principle is formulated by the basic reproduction number, which is also a most important key index in demography. The author develops a universal theory of the basic reproduction number in heterogeneous environments. By introducing the host age structure, epidemic models are developed into more realistic demographic formulations, which are essentially needed to attack urgent epidemiological control problems in the real world.
This book is devoted to highly polished and potentiated novel C couplings developed by our group (M. Suzuki) in the course of a long-term, tight collaboration of chemistry, biology, and medicine experts, focusing on advanced organometallic techniques for the construction of a whole prostaglandin (PG) framework and new methodology for introducing short-lived 11C radionuclide into carbon frameworks. The book is written to attract the interest of scientists working in chemistry and interdisciplinary research areas such as medicinal chemistry, radiochemistry, chemical biology, molecular imaging, and related industries.
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