Current-driven domain-wall motion and related phenomena are reviewed from a theoretical point of view. In the first part, the dynamics of a rigid domain wall is described based on the collective-coordinate method. After an elementary introduction, the equations of motion are derived for a wall under current, whose effects enter as a spin-transfer effect and a momentum-transfer effect (force). The wall motion is studied in detail, and several depinning mechanisms are found. In the second part, a microscopic derivation of spin torques is described for slowly varying magnetic texture. In addition to the well-established spin-transfer torque, two new torques are shown to arise from the spin-relaxation process and the nonadiabatic process (reflection) of conduction electrons. These new torques act as forces on a rigid wall. Some related topics are described in the third part, which includes current-driven dynamics of magnetic vortices and the current-induced spin-wave instability and domain-wall nucleation.
Current-driven domain-wall motion and related phenomena are reviewed from a theoretical point of view. In the first part, the dynamics of a rigid domain wall is described based on the collective-coordinate method. After an elementary introduction, the equations of motion are derived for a wall under current, whose effects enter as a spin-transfer effect and a momentum-transfer effect (force). The wall motion is studied in detail, and several depinning mechanisms are found. In the second part, a microscopic derivation of spin torques is described for slowly varying magnetic texture. In addition to the well-established spin-transfer torque, two new torques are shown to arise from the spin-relaxation process and the nonadiabatic process (reflection) of conduction electrons. These new torques act as forces on a rigid wall. Some related topics are described in the third part, which includes current-driven dynamics of magnetic vortices and the current-induced spin-wave instability and domain-wall nucleation.
In conventional metals, various transport coefficients are scaled according to the quasiparticle relaxation time, \tau, which implies that the relaxation time approximation (RTA) holds well. However, such a simple scaling does not hold in many strongly correlated electron systems, reflecting their unique electronic states. The most famous example would be cuprate high-Tc superconductors (HTSCs), where almost all the transport coefficients exhibit a significant deviation from the RTA results. To better understand the origin of this discrepancy, we develop a method for calculating various transport coefficients beyond the RTA by employing field theoretical techniques. Near the magnetic quantum critical point, the current vertex correction (CVC), which describes the electron-electron scattering beyond the relaxation time approximation, gives rise to various anomalous transport phenomena. We explain anomalous transport phenomena in cuprate HTSCs and other metals near their magnetic or orbital quantum critical point using a uniform approach. We also discuss spin related transport phenomena in strongly correlated systems. In many d- and f-electron systems, the spin current induced by the spin Hall effect is considerably greater because of the orbital degrees of freedom. This fact attracts much attention due to its potential application in spintronics. We discuss various novel charge, spin and heat transport phenomena in strongly correlated metals.
A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems
This is an advanced textbook for graduate students and researchers wishing to learn about high temperature superconductivity in copper oxides, in particular the Kamimura-Suwa (K-S) model. Because a number of models have been proposed since the discovery of high temperature superconductivity by Bednorz and Müller in 1986, the book first explains briefly the historical development that led to the K-S model. It then focuses on the physical background necessary to understand the K-S model and on the basic principles behind various physical phenomena such as electronic structures, electrical, thermal and optical properties, and the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity.
This work covers the history of optical communications, fibres and fiber cables, and compares optical fibres with other transmission media. It also discusses optical fibre materials, reliability and manufacture, illustrates the design, construction and properties of recent cables used for optical fibre, describes fibre splicing and presents automated fibre splicing machines, and more.
This cutting-edge, first-of-its-kind resource gives you a comprehensive understanding of the simulation and evaluation methods used for today's mobile communication systems. Written by two highly regarded experts in the field, the book focuses on the performance of both the physical and protocol layer transmission scheme. It defines and presents several invaluable simulation tools written in MATLAB® code, along with clear examples that explain their use.
This volume gives an interdisciplinary discussion on the topological aspects of general networks and critical systems for physicists, chemists, biologists, mathematicians, medical scientists, social scientists, and other related researchers. Subjects as diverse as the general properties of complex networks, complexity in social science, patterns in biological objects, and criticality in pure and applied physics are represented. The book is essential for researchers in a wide range of scientific and technological fields related to these areas.
A concise overview of some of the findings and topics related to the pharmacology and clinical applications of traditional herbal therapeutics. It addresses the current and potential roles for herbal medicine in the context of our evolving health-care systems. Introducing many pharmacological advances made, the work also describes the modern theories and scientific methodologies applied to today's studies on herbal medicines and new drug development.
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