Since the late 1960s a ubiquitous feature of popular culture in Japan has been the ""idol,"" an attractive young actor, male or female, packaged and promoted as an adolescent role model and exploited by the entertainment, fashion, cosmetic, and publishing industries to market trendy products. This book offers ethnographic case studies regarding the symbolic qualities of idols and how these qualities relate to the conceptualization of selfhood among adolescents in Japan and elsewhere in East Asia. The author explores how the idol-manufacturing industry absorbs young people into its system of production, molds them into marketable personalities, commercializes their images, and contributes to the construction of ideal images of the adolescent self. Since the relationship between the idols and their consumers is dynamic, the study focuses on the fans of idols as well. Ultimately, Aoyagi argues, idol performances substantiate capitalist values in the urban consumer society of contemporary Japan and East Asia. Regardless of how crude their performances may appear in the eyes of critics, the idols have helped establish the entertainment industry as an agent of public socialization by driving public desires toward the consumption of commoditized fantasies.
First Published in 1988, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide into the toxicity of hormones during childbirth. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of midwifery, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
In the 1930s the history of Japanese photography evolved in two very different directions: one toward documentary photography, the other favoring an experimental, or avant-garde, approach strongly influenced by Western Surrealism. This book explores these two strains of modern Japanese photography through the work of two remarkable figures: Hiroshi Hamaya and Kansuke Yamamoto. Hiroshi Hamaya (1915-1999) was born and raised in Tokyo and, after an initial period of creative experimentation, turned his attention to recording traditional life and culture on the coast of the Sea of Japan. In 1940 he began photographing the New Year's rituals in a remote village, which was published as Yukiguni (Snow country). He went on to record cultural changes in China, political protests in Japan, and landscapes around the world. Kansuke Yamamoto (1914-1987) became fascinated by the innovative approaches in art and literature exemplified by such Western artists as Man Ray, Ren Magritte, and Yves Tanguy. He promoted Surrealist and avant-garde ideas in Japan through his poetry, paintings, sculptures, and photographs. Along with essays by the book's coeditors, Judith Keller and Amanda Maddox, are essays by Kotaro Iizawa, Ryuichi Kaneko, and Jonathan M. Reynolds, life chronologies, and a selection of poems by Yamamoto translated by John Solt. This book, which features more than one hundred images, accompanies an exhibition of the same name on view at the J. Paul Getty Museum from March 26 to August 25, 2013.
This book provides an answer to the mystery of why no peace treaty has yet been signed between Japan and Russia after more than sixty years since the end of World War Two. The author, a leading authority on Japanese-Russian diplomatic history, was trained at the Russian Institute of Columbia University. This volume contributes to our understanding of not only the intricacies of bilateral relations between Moscow and Tokyo, but, more generally, of Russia's and Japan's modes of foreign policy formation. The author also discusses the U.S. factor, which helped make Russia and Japan distant neighbors, and the threat from China, which might help these countries come closer in the near future. It would be hardly possible to discuss the future prospects of Northeast Asia without having first read this book.
This book provides an overview on the histaminergic neuron system in the brain for neuroscience, anatomy, pharmacology, biochemistry, and medical researchers. Topics discussed include the biochemistry of enzymes; histamine receptors (H1, H2, and H3); morphology, coexistance, and development of the histaminergic neuron system; electrophysiological studies on vertebrate and invertebrate neurons; as well as the functions of the histamine neurons.
This interesting work extensively describes newer applications of liquid membrane systems which contain molecular and/or ion recognizing carrier compounds and the related characteristic membrane materials. This volume focuses on the current knowledge about chemistry, biology and related technology of liquid membranes. It reviews the most recent advances in design and characteristics of synthetic liquid membrane transport. Additionally, this fascinating reference discusses up-to-date topics in the analytical and separation science, plus biomimetic membrane technology. Because this book is presented in a compact, understandable format, readers can start from biological cell membranes, then net aspects of host-guest chemistry for effective recognition of ions and molecules, followed by its application for artificial sensors-such as neuro-systems, functionalized new detergents, mechanochemical systems, and separation chemistry. This publication is ideal for graduate-level students and will stimulate university and industry researchers.
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, cannot be cured but it can be treated. A great deal can be done to treat the symptoms of ALS, to improve an individual's quality of life, and to help families, caregivers, and loved ones to cope with the disease. This extensively revised and rewritten new edition of the bestselling Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Guide For Patients and Families addresses all of those needs, and brings up-to-date important information to those living with the reality of ALS. The book is completely revised throughout and contains NEW information on: Recently developed approaches to treating ALS symptoms Use of non-invasive ventilators Multidisciplinary team care New guidelines being developed by the American Academy of Neurology for patients with ALS The use of riluzole (Rilutek) to treat ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis covers every aspect of the management of ALS, from clinical features of the disease, to diagnosis, to an overview of symptom management. Major sections deal with medical and rehabilitative management, living with ALS, managing advanced disease, end-of-life issues, and resources that can provide support and assistance in this time of need.
Electronic Absorption Spectra and Geometry of Organic Molecules: An Application of Molecular Orbital Theory focuses on electronic absorption spectra of organic compounds and molecules. The book begins with the discussions on molecular spectra, electronic absorption spectra of organic compounds, and practical measures of absorption intensity. The text also focuses on molecular orbital theory and group theory. Molecular state functions; fundamental postulates of quantum theory; representation of symmetry groups; and symmetry operations and symmetry groups are described. The book also discusses shape of absorption bands and geometry of excited electronic states; effect of environment on electronic absorption spectra; and the application of simple LCAO MO method to simple p systems. An evaluation of the parameters used in simple LCAO MO method is presented. The text notes the usefulness and restrictions of simple LCAO MO method in the interpretation of electronic absorption spectra. The correlation between results of simple MO calculation and spectral data in aromatic hydrocarbons, and correlation between results of simple MO calculation and spectral data in conjugated linear polyenes are discussed. The book also looks at MO methods and the relations between electronic absorption spectra and geometry of molecules, biphenyl, styrene, and related compounds. The text is a good source of data for researchers and chemistry students who want to study electronic absorption spectra.
This book provides an answer to the mystery of why no peace treaty has yet been signed between Japan and Russia after more than sixty years since the end of World War Two. The author, a leading authority on Japanese-Russian diplomatic history, was trained at the Russian Institute of Columbia University. This volume contributes to our understanding of not only the intricacies of bilateral relations between Moscow and Tokyo, but, more generally, of Russia's and Japan's modes of foreign policy formation. The author also discusses the U.S. factor, which helped make Russia and Japan distant neighbors, and the threat from China, which might help these countries come closer in the near future. It would be hardly possible to discuss the future prospects of Northeast Asia without having first read this book.
Modern Japanese share a myth to the effect that they harbor in their midst an inferior race less "human" than the stock that fathered their nation as a whole. These pariahs, numbering more than two million, are segregated by caste just as firmly as the Negro is in the United States. The present volume, to which several Japanese and American social scientists have contributed, offeres an interdisciplinary description and analysis of this strangely persistent phenomenon, inherited from feudal times. Its main thesis is that caste and racism are derivatives of identical psychological processes in human personality, however differently structure they may be in social institutions. It finds that what it terms status anxiety, related to defensively held social values, leads to a need to segregate disparaged parts of the population on grounds of innate inferiority. Until the time of their official emancipation in 1871, the so-called eta were distinguished visibly by their special garb. Today few clues to their identity are visible; yet, they remain a distinguishable, segregated segment of the population and bear inwardly, in a psychological sense, the stigma resulting from generations of oppression. This volume traces the story of the outcastes in complete detail--their origin, their stormy post-emancipation history, and their present leftist political significance. Large populations of outcasts live in urban ghettoes within the major cities of south-central Japan. In some of these metropolitan centers they comprise up to 5 percent of the population but contribute 60 to 65 percent of unemployment and relief roles. They have periodic trouble with the police; they manifest a delinquency rate more than three times that of the ordinary population; their children do poorly in school; they are subject to various forms of job discrimination; and few marriages are successfully consummated across the caste barrier. Some try to escape their past identity by becoming prostitutes or by entering the underworld. Those who survive discrimination to achieve status in society either live in fear of exposure [if they are "passing"] or overtly maintain their identity in proud isolation. Some who live in rural communities have achieved equal economic status with their neighbors but not full social acceptance. In their theoretical closing discussion the authors offer a challenging critique of Marxian class theory in introducing the concept of "expressive" exploitation--that is, the psychological use of a subordinate group as a repository of what is disavowed by the values of a culture in a caste society--as distinct in form and function from the "instrumental" economic or political exploitation of subjected minorities in class societies. Contributors:Gerald BerremanJohn B. CornellJohn DonoghueEdward NorbeckJohn PriceYuzuru SasakiGeorge O. Totten This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
A concise overview of some of the findings and topics related to the pharmacology and clinical applications of traditional herbal therapeutics. It addresses the current and potential roles for herbal medicine in the context of our evolving health-care systems. Introducing many pharmacological advances made, the work also describes the modern theories and scientific methodologies applied to today's studies on herbal medicines and new drug development.
The Constitution of Japan has served the country for more than half a century, creating and maintaining a stable and functional democratic system. This book innovatively interprets Japanese politics as a ’benign elite democracy’ whilst demonstrating the Supreme Court's vital contribution to the political structure. In The Supreme Court and Benign Elite Democracy in Japan, Hiroshi Itoh presents the first empirical study of judicial decision making under Japan's Constitution. He examines the Supreme Court’s records regarding the protection of civil rights and liberties, the preservation of the conformity of lower levels of laws and regulations to the Constitution, and the maintenance of the Court's relationships to the political branches. The analysis of these three aspects of constitutional litigation reveal how the Supreme Court contributes to the efficacy of constitutional democracy by keeping the system adaptable to the ever-changing environment in and around Japan.
Treadmill is a truly unique and historically significant novel and the only book written about life in the Japanese-American internment camps during World War II written at the time by an internee.Hiroshi Nakamura, along with his family, spent the war years in Salinas Assembly Center, Salinas, California; Camp II of the Poston Relocation Center, Parker, Arizona; and Tule Lake Segregation Center, Newell, California. It was during this period that he put down on paper what he was observing, experiencing, and hearing and expressed them in this novel. Nakamura captures exquisitely the thinking and mood of the people. It accurately evokes the fears, anxieties, suspicions, cynicisms and passions brought out by camp life. Nakamura &‘almost' succeeded in getting Treadmill published in the late 1940s. While editors and publishers thought well of the novel, they would not publish it as it was &‘too sensitive' an issue. Professor Peter Suzuki discovered Treadmill while he was doing some research on internment camps of Japanese Americans.This revised edition of Treadmill contains a new introductory essay by Professor Tara Fickle discussing the historical importance of Nakamura's work. Also included are a series of photographs of Japanese internment camps in California taken by renowned photographer Ansel Adams taken in 1943. Adams had unprecedented access to life inside the camps and these photographs provide an exceptional visual accompaniment to Nakamura's story.
This monograph deals with ion induced electron emission from crystalline solids bombarded by fast ions. During the past decade, electron spectroscopy combined with the ion channeling technique has revealed various "messages" about ion solid and electron solid interactions carried by the emitted elec trons. While the ion induced electrons produced by binary encounter pro cesses are of primary interest in this book, closely related topics such as the emission of ion induced Auger electrons from crystal targets are also reviewed, with emphasis on their interdisciplinary aspects, for example, their relation to photoelectron diffraction. In addition to these topics, the book describes the underlying physics and experimental techniques so that it should provide useful information for students and scientists working in ion beam based re search and development in various areas of atomic and solid state physics, materials science, surface science, etc. I am much indebted to the gererations of students who have passed through my laboratory, since they have stimulated me with elementary but essential questions in various phases of the studies. I am also grateful to T. Azuma, Y. Kido, K. Kimura, H. Naramoto, and S. Seki for critical reading of the manuscript. Tsukuba, August 2001 Hiroshi Kudo Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1o Terminology and Table of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 2. 1 Notes on Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 2 Frequently Used Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Binary Encounter Electron Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 1 Ion Electron Elastic Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 2 Recoil Cross Section of Orbital Electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
All organisms produce nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides of purines and pyrimidines. However, while there have been a number of texts on nucleotide metabolism in microorganisms and humans, the presence of these phenomena in plant life has gone comparatively unexplored. This ground-breaking new book is the first to focus exclusively on the aspects of purine nucleotide metabolism and function that are particular to plants, making it a unique and essential resource. The authors provide a comprehensive break down of purine nucleotide structures and metabolic pathways, covering all facets of the topic. Furthermore, they explain the role that purine nucleotides can play in plant development, as well as the effects they may have on human health when ingested. Plant Nucleotide Metabolism offers a unique and important resource to all students, researchers, and lecturers working in plant biochemistry, physiology, chemistry, agricultural sciences, nutrition, and associated fields of research.
This book describes active illumination techniques in computer vision. We can classify computer vision techniques into two classes: passive and active techniques. Passive techniques observe the scene statically and analyse it as is. Active techniques give the scene some actions and try to facilitate the analysis. In particular, active illumination techniques project specific light, for which the characteristics are known beforehand, to a target scene to enable stable and accurate analysis of the scene. Traditional passive techniques have a fundamental limitation. The external world surrounding us is three-dimensional; the image projected on a retina or an imaging device is two-dimensional. That is, reduction of one dimension has occurred. Active illumination techniques compensate for the dimensional reduction by actively controlling the illumination. The demand for reliable vision sensors is rapidly increasing in many application areas, such as robotics and medical image analysis. This book explains this new endeavour to explore the augmentation of reduced dimensions in computer vision. This book consists of three parts: basic concepts, techniques, and applications. The first part explains the basic concepts for understanding active illumination techniques. In particular, the basic concepts of optics are explained so that researchers and engineers outside the field can understand the later chapters. The second part explains currently available active illumination techniques, covering many techniques developed by the authors. The final part shows how such active illumination techniques can be applied to various domains, describing the issue to be overcome by active illumination techniques and the advantages of using these techniques. This book is primarily aimed at 4th year undergraduate and 1st year graduate students, and will also help engineers from fields beyond computer vision to use active illumination techniques. Additionally, the book is suitable as course material for technical seminars.
Shimizu's Dermatology, Second Edition provides practical, didactic, and rapid-reference advice on diagnosis and management of the most common dermatologic conditions. Written by one of the world's leading experts, and a best-seller in Japan where it was first published, the second edition is cohesive, richly illustrated, attractively presented, and fully revised to reflect the latest in clinical developments. This complete dermatology resource offers: Over 2,000 clinical images to aid rapid and easy diagnosis 100% clinically focused chapters describing the clinical features, classifications, pathogeneses, pathologies, treatments and lab findings of diseases Key points and tips and tricks in every chapter for practical guidance Attractive color presentation throughout, with high-quality clinical images Improve your knowledge of skin conditions and their management with this concise, user-friendly, alternative to larger reference books. Shimizu's Dermatology is ideal for specialists in clinical practice, trainees managing patients at clinics or hospitals or preparing for board exams, and medical students.
Thermomechanical Processing of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels considers some advanced techniques and metallurgical bases for controlled-rolling. This book contains 12 chapters. In Chapter 1, the purpose of thermomechanical processing and historical survey is described, while in Chapter 2, the kinetics of phase transformations and refinement of grain size in steels are elaborated. The techniques and metallurgical bases for controlled-rolling in the recrystallization, non-recrystallization, and (? + y) regions are reviewed in Chapters 3 to 5. Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the deformation resistance during hot-rolling and restoration processes. The phase transformations during cooling following hot-rolling are mentioned in Chapter 8, followed by a summarization of the effects of alloying elements in Chapter 9. Chapters 10 and 11 deal with the mechanical properties of controlled-rolled steel and prediction and control of microstructure and properties by thermomechanical processes. The problems faced and possibilities for future developments are stated in the last chapter. This publication is recommended for physicists, metallurgists, and researchers concerned with controlled-rolling, including non-specialists who have some knowledge of metallurgy.
The Feynman path integrals are becoming increasingly important in the applications of quantum mechanics and field theory. The path integral formulation of quantum anomalies, i.e. the quantum breaking of certain symmetries, can now cover all the known quantum anomalies in a coherent manner. In this book the authors provide an introduction to the path integral method in quantum field theory and its applications to the analyses of quantum anomalies. No previous knowledge of field theory beyond advanced undergraduate quantum mechanics is assumed. The book provides the first coherent introductory treatment of the path integral formulation of chiral and Weyl anomalies, with applications to gauge theory in two and four dimensions, conformal field theory and string theory. Explicit and elementary path integral calculations of most of the quantum anomalies covered are given. The conceptual basis of the path integral bosonization in two-dimensional theory, which may have applications to condensed matter theory, for example, is clarified. The book also covers the recent interesting developments in the treatment of fermions and chiral anomalies in lattice gauge theory.
This book is devoted to island sustainability with a focus on the small island economies in the Pacific, especially islands of Okinawa located at the southwestern edge of Japan. It examines socio-economic characteristics, development issues, policies, networking of island societies, and the roles of culture, human resources, agriculture and tourism in a globalizing world. Okinawa, the birthplace of nissology (island studies in Greek), embraces all aspects of small, remote island characteristics, including geography, history, economy and culture. Okinawa hosted the third and fourth Pacific Leaders Meeting (PALM). PALM adopted “the Okinawa Initiative on Regional Development Strategies for a More Prosperous and Safer Pacific.” This initiative emphasized the important role of Okinawa in spearheading and coordinating development and educational relationships among the Pacific islands. Although the focus is on Okinawa, analytical methods and visions presented in this book will provide food for thought for many similar island societies which have been struggling to achieve toward sustainable development. Since the International Small Island Studies Association (ISISA) held its first meeting on Island of Okinawa, Nissology has been emerging as an important area of scientific investigation. The book is intended to appeal to students, academic researchers, policy makers and industry professionals and practitioners.
Rashda:The Birth and Growth of an Egyptian Oasis Village is an interdisciplinary study from a multi-perspective, using various kinds of data and information. It offers a comprehensive description of Rashda, a village in Dakhla Oasis in Egypt from its beginning to the present. Key concepts are the uncertainty of the water supply, the dependence on the political regime and the rational behaviour of individuals. The villagers of Rashda have dealt with the difficult natural circumstances by creating the local customs of irrigation and cultivation. The development of village recently depends ever more on the government, as long as large amounts of finance and superior technology are necessary to dig deeper wells to secure water for cultivation.
First Published in 1989, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide into prolactin function and the treatment of lesions. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Students of Medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
In order to make the diagnosis of neurological diseases in a systematic way, it is practical and useful to take into account 3 axes; axis 1 anatomical, axis 2 etiological, and axis 3 clinical. It is effective to consider these 3 axes through all steps of neurological diagnosis from the history taking to the neurologic examination, before choosing the necessary laboratory tests"--
How do we learn to produce and comprehend speech? How does language relate to thought? This second edition of the successful text Psycholinguistics- Language, Mind and World considers the psychology of language as it relates to learning, mind and brain as well as various aspects of society and culture. Current issues and research topics are presented in an in-depth manner, although little or no specific knowledge of any topic is presupposed. The book is divided into four main parts: First Language Learning Second Language Learning Language, Mind and Brain Mental Grammar and Language Processing These four sections include chapters covering areas such as- deaf language education, first language acquisition and first language reading, second language acquisition, language teaching and the problems of bilingualism. Updated throughout, this new edition also considers and proposes new theories in psycholinguistics and linguistics, and introduces a new theory of grammar, Natural Grammar, which is the only current grammar that is based on the primacy of the psycholinguistic process of speech comprehension, derives speech production from that process. Written in an accessible and fluent style, Psycholinguistics- Language, Mind and World will be of interest to students, lecturers and researchers from linguistics, psychology, philosophy and second language teaching.
This lecture note provides a tutorial review of non-Abelian discrete groups and presents applications to particle physics where discrete symmetries constitute an important principle for model building. While Abelian discrete symmetries are often imposed in order to control couplings for particle physics—particularly model building beyond the standard model—non-Abelian discrete symmetries have been applied particularly to understand the three-generation flavor structure. The non-Abelian discrete symmetries are indeed considered to be the most attractive choice for a flavor sector: Model builders have tried to derive experimental values of quark and lepton masses, mixing angles and CP phases on the assumption of non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries of quarks and leptons, yet lepton mixing has already been intensively discussed in this context as well. Possible origins of the non-Abelian discrete symmetry for flavors are another topic of interest, as they can arise from an underlying theory, e.g., the string theory or compactification via orbifolding as geometrical symmetries such as modular symmetries, thereby providing a possible bridge between the underlying theory and corresponding low-energy sector of particle physics. The book offers explicit introduction to the group theoretical aspects of many concrete groups, and readers learn how to derive conjugacy classes, characters, representations, tensor products, and automorphisms for these groups (with a finite number) when algebraic relations are given, thereby enabling readers to apply this to other groups of interest. Further, CP symmetry and modular symmetry are also presented.
Low-loss optical fibers were developed by Corning in 1970. Since then much effort has gone into further loss reduction. Murata (Furukawa Electric Co., Tokyo) covers history, common manufacturing techniques, and the production and use of polarization-maintaining fibers. Acidic paper. Members of GandB's book club pay only $36.00. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
This work covers the history of optical communications, fibres and fiber cables, and compares optical fibres with other transmission media. It also discusses optical fibre materials, reliability and manufacture, illustrates the design, construction and properties of recent cables used for optical fibre, describes fibre splicing and presents automated fibre splicing machines, and more.
This pioneering work examines Japan's economic activities in Singapore from 1870 to 1965. Drawing upon a wide range of published and unpublished sources, the authors shed new light on issues such as:* prostitution* foreign trade by Kobe's overseas Chinese* fishermen in the inter-war period* Japanese economic activities during the Pacific War* Japan
This ground-breaking book provides the first English-language survey of economic thought in modern Japan. Significantly, it offers both a detailed study of economic thought from 1600 to 1945 and a nuanced analysis of Western and Asian perspectives on the field of Japanese economic history. Expertly translated from Japanese and written by leading scholars in the field, this exciting study includes: * A novel approach to economic thought which contextualizes the core values of thinkers across the period * A comparative analysis of Japanese economic history which looks at the continuities across the Meiji divide * The extensive use of archival sources, many of which were previously unavailable in English A History of Economic Thought in Japan, 1600 - 1945 serves as a case study of how Western economic ideas spread to non-Western regions and interacted with indigenous ideas. It will therefore be of immense value to both scholars of economic thought and those seeking a deeper understanding of the moral, intellectual, and societal forces that shaped modern Japan.
In conventional metals, various transport coefficients are scaled according to the quasiparticle relaxation time, \tau, which implies that the relaxation time approximation (RTA) holds well. However, such a simple scaling does not hold in many strongly correlated electron systems, reflecting their unique electronic states. The most famous example would be cuprate high-Tc superconductors (HTSCs), where almost all the transport coefficients exhibit a significant deviation from the RTA results. To better understand the origin of this discrepancy, we develop a method for calculating various transport coefficients beyond the RTA by employing field theoretical techniques. Near the magnetic quantum critical point, the current vertex correction (CVC), which describes the electron-electron scattering beyond the relaxation time approximation, gives rise to various anomalous transport phenomena. We explain anomalous transport phenomena in cuprate HTSCs and other metals near their magnetic or orbital quantum critical point using a uniform approach. We also discuss spin related transport phenomena in strongly correlated systems. In many d- and f-electron systems, the spin current induced by the spin Hall effect is considerably greater because of the orbital degrees of freedom. This fact attracts much attention due to its potential application in spintronics. We discuss various novel charge, spin and heat transport phenomena in strongly correlated metals.
This book describes baryon models constructed from quarks, mesons and chiral symmetry. The role of chiral symmetry and of quark model structure with SU(6) spin-flavor symmetry are discussed in detail, starting from a pedagogic introduction. Emphasis is placed on symmetry aspects of the theories. As an application, the chiral bag model is studied for nucleon structure, where important methods of theoretical physics, mostly related to the semiclassical approach for a system of strong interactions, are demonstrated. The text is more practical than formal; tools and ideas are explained in detail while solving actual problems. By checking each step of the computations, readers can learn not only the calculational techniques but also the essential ideas behind them.
This volume gives an interdisciplinary discussion on the topological aspects of general networks and critical systems for physicists, chemists, biologists, mathematicians, medical scientists, social scientists, and other related researchers. Subjects as diverse as the general properties of complex networks, complexity in social science, patterns in biological objects, and criticality in pure and applied physics are represented. The book is essential for researchers in a wide range of scientific and technological fields related to these areas.
The 17th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging was held at Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, during May 31-June 2, 1988. The symposium was organized by the ultrasonics research group of Tohoku University and the IEEE ijFFC Society, Tokyo Chapter. Of the 128 papers submitted, 88 were presented during the symposium, which comprised 144 researchers from 13 countries. This volume contains 81 papers as the record of the symposium and is clas sified into the following sections: (1) Acoustic Microscopy and its Applications; (2) Non-Destructive Evaluation; (3) Signal Processing of Images; (4) Acoustic Measurements and Physical Acoustics; (5) Medical Ultrasonic Diagnostics; (6) Acoustic Sensors; (7) Acoustic Holography and Tomography; (8) Seismic Exploration; and (9) Imaging Instrumentation and Other Techniques. A number of the papers submitted were associated with medical ultrasonic diagnostics and acoustic microscopy, reflecting a major activity in acousti cal imaging at Tohoku University. Accordingly, two invited talks were focused on this area: acoustic microscopy by Dr. G. A. D. Briggs of the University of Oxford and medical ultrasonics by Prof. M. Tanaka of Tohoku University. In light of the history of research in this field at our university, we are delighted to have had the opportunity to host the 17th symposium.
Drawing on international comparisons of data on happiness, this book offers both general and academic audiences a simple, deep, and honest answer to the timeless question: "What makes people happy"? The conventional recipe for happiness has long included money, marriage, and parenthood as basic ingredients. What research is telling us, however, is that these elements don't relate to happiness in quite the way we might expect them to. Redistributing Happiness: How Social Policies Shape Life Satisfaction explores the factors that determine "life satisfaction" and demonstrate how an individual's happiness is largely shaped by social context—by where they live and local policies, norms and attitudes about religious beliefs, economic and political security, income redistribution, and more. The book begins with a review of the contributions of other disciplines—such as economics, psychology, and political science—to common explanations of the sources of happiness. Next, the authors offer an international comparison based on their own research on what makes people happy, taking into consideration factors such as marriage, children, money, and job status. Most importantly, special attention is paid to how social policies and social context directly affect people's happiness. All readers high school age and up will enjoy the book's comprehensive—and fascinating—answer to the happiness question because of how the authors connect an individual's experience to the broader environment of the social system and situation in which that person resides.
This book is a collection of milestone articles of a leading scholar in the study of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, a crossroads of Latin-Christian, Greek-Byzantine, and Arab-Islamic cultures and one of the most fascinating but also one of the most neglected kingdoms in the medieval world. Some of his articles were published in influential journals such as English Historical Review, Viator, Mediterranean Historical Review, and Papers of the British School at Rome, while others appeared in hard-to-obtain festschrifts, proceedings of international conferences, and so on. The articles included here, based on analysis of Latin, Greek, and Arabic documents as well as multi-lingual parchments, explore subjects of interest in medieval Mediterranean world such as Norman administrations, multi-cultural courts, Christian-Muslim diplomacy, conquests and migrations, religious tolerance and conflicts, cross-cultural contacts, and so forth. Some of them dig deep into curious specific topics, while others settle disputes among scholars and correct our antiquated interpretations. His attention to the administrative structure of the kingdom of Sicily, whose bureaucracy was staffed by Greeks, Muslims and Latins, has been a particularly important part of his work, where he has engaged in major debates with other scholars in the field.
Strain Hardening Cement Composites, SHCC hereafter, demonstrate excellent mechanical behavior showing tensile strain hardening and multiple fine cracks. This strain hardening behavior improves the durability of concrete structures employing SHCC and the multiple fine cracks enhance structural performance. Reliable tensile performance of SHCC enables us to design structures explicitly accounting for SHCC’s tensile properties. Reinforced SHCC elements (R/SHCC) indicate large energy absorbing performance under large seismic excitation. Against various types of loads, R/SHCC elements can be designed by superimposing re-bar performance and SHCC’s tensile performance. This report focuses on flexural design, shear design, FE modeling and anti-seismic design of R/SHCC elements as well as application examples. Establishing design methods for new materials usually leads to exploring application areas and this trend should be demonstrated by collecting actual application examples of SHCC in structures.
General Douglas MacArthur's storied career is inextricably linked to Asia. His father, Arthur, served as Military Governor of the Philippines while Douglas was a student at West Point, and the younger MacArthur would serve several tours of duty in that country over the next four decades, becoming friends with several influential Filipinos, including the country's future president, Emanuel L. Quezon. In 1935, he became Quezon's military advisor, a post he held after retiring from the U.S. Army and at the time of Japan’s invasion of 1941. As Supreme Commander for the Southwest Pacific, MacArthur led American forces throughout the Pacific War. He officially accepted Japan's surrender in 1945 and would later oversee the Allied occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. He then led the UN Command in the Korean War from 1950 to 1951, until he was dismissed from his post by President Truman. In MacArthur in Asia, the distinguished Japanese historian Hiroshi Masuda offers a new perspective on the American icon, focusing on his experiences in the Philippines, Japan, and Korea and highlighting the importance of the general’s staff—the famous "Bataan Boys" who served alongside MacArthur throughout the Asian arc of his career—to both MacArthur’s and the region’s history. First published to wide acclaim in Japanese in 2009 and translated into English for the first time, this book uses a wide range of sources—American and Japanese, official records and oral histories—to present a complex view of MacArthur, one that illuminates his military decisions during the Pacific campaign and his administration of the Japanese Occupation.
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