All Men and Both Sexes explores the use of such universal terms as &"people,&" &"man,&" or &"human&" in early modern England, from the civil war through the Enlightenment. Such language falsely implies inclusion of both men and women when actually it excludes women. Recent scholarship has focused on the Rights of Man doctrine from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution as explanation for women&’s exclusion from citizenship. According to Hilda Smith we need to go back further, to the English Revolution and the more grounded (but equally restricted) values tied to the &"free born Englishman.&" Citing educational treatises, advice literature to young people, guild records, popular periodicals, and parliamentary debates, she demonstrates how the &"male maturation process&" came to define the qualities attached to citizenship and responsible adulthood, which in turn became the basis for modern individualism and liberalism. By the eighteenth century a new discourse of sensibility was describing women as dependent beings outside the state, in a separate sphere and in need of protection. This excluded women from reform debates, forcing them to seek not an extension of a democratic franchise but a specific women&’s suffrage focused on gender difference.
Includes a variety of women's political writings from the Seventeenth Century. This collection highlights the principles inherent in female political action in its many and varied forms, from women's Civil War petitioning, to the efforts of Quaker women to reform prisons.
Includes a variety of women's political writings from the Seventeenth Century. This collection highlights the principles inherent in female political action in its many and varied forms, from women's Civil War petitioning, to the efforts of Quaker women to reform prisons.
All Men and Both Sexes explores the use of such universal terms as &"people,&" &"man,&" or &"human&" in early modern England, from the civil war through the Enlightenment. Such language falsely implies inclusion of both men and women when actually it excludes women. Recent scholarship has focused on the Rights of Man doctrine from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution as explanation for women&’s exclusion from citizenship. According to Hilda Smith we need to go back further, to the English Revolution and the more grounded (but equally restricted) values tied to the &"free born Englishman.&" Citing educational treatises, advice literature to young people, guild records, popular periodicals, and parliamentary debates, she demonstrates how the &"male maturation process&" came to define the qualities attached to citizenship and responsible adulthood, which in turn became the basis for modern individualism and liberalism. By the eighteenth century a new discourse of sensibility was describing women as dependent beings outside the state, in a separate sphere and in need of protection. This excluded women from reform debates, forcing them to seek not an extension of a democratic franchise but a specific women&’s suffrage focused on gender difference.
Includes a variety of women's political writings from the Seventeenth Century. This collection highlights the principles inherent in female political action in its many and varied forms, from women's Civil War petitioning, to the efforts of Quaker women to reform prisons.
This book tells the little-known story of a fascinating crypto-Jewish community through two centuries and three continents. Beginning as a precarious settlement of a few families in mid-18th-century Mashhad, an Islamic holy city in northern Iran, the community grew into a closely-knit group in response to their forced conversion to Islam in 1839. Muslim hostility and a culture of memory sustained by intra-communal marriages reinforced their separate religious identity, vesting it in strong family and communal loyalty. Mashhadi women became the main agents of the cultural transmission of communal identity and achieved social roles and high status uncharacteristic for contemporary Jewish and Muslim communities. The Mashhadis maintained a double identity, upholding Islam in public while tenaciously holding onto their Jewish identity in secret. The exodus from Mashhad after 1946 relocated the communal center to Tehran, later to Israel, and, after the Khomeini revolution, to New York. The relationship between the formation and retention of communal identity and memory practices - with interconnected issues of religion and gender - draws upon existing research on other crypto-faith communities, such as the Judeoconversos, the Moriscos, and the French Protestants, who, through the special blend of memory-faith and ethnicity, emerged strengthened from their underground period. For the immigration period, the author challenges the old paradigm that "modernity and religion are mutually exclusive." The book also explores the sometimes uncomfortable yet intimate relationships that exist between seemingly incompatible ways of seeing the past, both secular and religious.
In 1939, 400,000 cats and dogs were massacred in Britain, their corpses heaped up outside veterinarians offices. Fear of the imminent German blitz led the government to urge pet owners to spare their animal companions so that they would not suffer in the bombing raids. Hilda Kean s gripping narrative of this little-known event includes tales of smuggling pets into bomb shelters, trading bits of cat food on the black market, and preemptively killing thousands of pets at the start of the war to save the food supplies in England. Kean is able to show vividly how pets were an important part of British wartime experience. She pays close attention to animals, both symbolic and actual, arguing that after the pet massacre, human-animal bonds became stronger and closer. In the process of telling this history, Kean necessary complicates the picture of World War II as the good war fought by a nation of good, animal-loving people. Her close use of primary materials (diaries, personal sources, contemporary newspapers, collective public reports on daily life, etc.) gives palpable reality to the animals and their fate at this time. This forgotten aspect of Britain s history makes us rethink accepted accounts of the War and shows the ways in which animal and human histories are inextricably linked. We are also constrained to rethink our assumptions about ourselves and the animals with whom we share our homes.
Includes a variety of women's political writings from the Seventeenth Century. This collection highlights the principles inherent in female political action in its many and varied forms, from women's Civil War petitioning, to the efforts of Quaker women to reform prisons.
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.