In a uniform and comprehensive manner the authors describe all the important aspects of the epitaxial growth processes of solid films on crystalline substrates, e.g. processes in which atoms of the growing film mimic the arrangement of the atoms of the substrate. Emphasis is put on sufficiently fundamental and unequivocal presentation of the subject in the form of an easy-to-read review. A large part of this book focuses on the problems of heteroepitaxy. The most important epitaxial growth techniques which are currently widely used in basic research as well as in manufacturing processes of devices are presented and discussed in detail.
Functional analysis is not only a tool for unifying mathematical analysis, but it also provides the background for today''s rapid development of the theory of partial differential equations. Using concepts of functional analysis, the field of complex analysis has developed methods (such as the theory of generalized analytic functions) for solving very general classes of partial differential equations. This book is aimed at promoting further interactions of functional analysis, partial differential equations, and complex analysis including its generalizations such as Clifford analysis. New interesting problems in the field of partial differential equations concern, for instance, the Dirichlet problem for hyperbolic equations. Applications to mathematical physics address mainly Maxwell''s equations, crystal optics, dynamical problems for cusped bars, and conservation laws. Sample Chapter(s). Hyperbolic Equations, Waves and the Singularity Theory (858 KB). Contents: Boundary Value Problems and Initial Value Problems for Partial Differential Equations; Applications of Functional-Analytic and Complex Methods to Mathematical Physics; Partial Complex Differential Equations in the Plane; Complex Methods in Higher Dimensions. Readership: Researchers, lecturers and graduate students in the fields of analysis & differential equations, applied mathematics and mathematical physics.
This pioneering study explores early medieval Frankish identity as a window into the formation of a distinct Western conception of ethnicity. Focusing on the turbulent and varied history of Frankish identity in Merovingian and Carolingian historiography, it offers a new basis for comparing the history of collective and ethnic identity in the Christian West with other contexts, especially the Islamic and Byzantine worlds. The tremendous political success of the Frankish kingdoms provided the medieval West with fundamental political, religious and social structures, including a change from the Roman perspective on ethnicity as the quality of the 'Other' to the Carolingian perception that a variety of Christian peoples were chosen by God to reign over the former Roman provinces. Interpreting identity as an open-ended process, Helmut Reimitz explores the role of Frankish identity in the multiple efforts through which societies tried to find order in the rapidly changing post-Roman world.
This broadly based graduate-level textbook covers the major models and statistical tools currently used in the practice of econometrics. It examines the classical, the decision theory, and the Bayesian approaches, and contains material on single equation and simultaneous equation econometric models. Includes an extensive reference list for each topic.
This commentary interprets the first part of the book of Exodus, through 15:21. It features two approaches. On the one hand, the commentary interprets the final form of the traditional Hebrew text "synchronically" by means of form criticism and modern literary methods. On the other hand, it "diachronically" reconstructs the predecessors of the final form, from its origins in an exodus composition that opposes political domination to the text's final form as a dramatic narrative about the transfer of sovereignty from the Pharaoh to the God of Israel. Concluding syntheses examine the relationship between these two interpretive approaches while adding reflections on traditional and contemporary concerns.
Quinones are members of a class of aromatic compounds with two oxygen atoms bonded to the ring as carbonyl groups. This volume covers the role of quinines enzymes in cellular signalling and modulation of gene expression.*Coenzyme Q: Detection and Quinone Reductases*Plasma Membrane Quinone Reductases*Quinones, Cellular Signaling, and Modulation of Gene Expression
The monophylum Oxytrichidae (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) contains freshwater-, marine-, and soil-dwelling species. Some taxa are extremely widespread in freshwater (e.g. Oxytricha, Stylonychia) or in terrestrial habitats (e.g. Gonostomum). Oxytricha and Stylonychia have been used for many molecular, ultrastructural, and genetic investigations. This is the first book since Ehrenberg's (1838) monumental work to summarize the morphological, morphogenetic, faunistic, and ecological data from the past 220 years, scattered in more than 2500 references from all over the world. One central dichotomous key leads directly to 32 genera comprising about 169 species, which are illustrated by more than 2400 figures, including original ones. Taxonomists, ecologists, limnologists, soil biologists, and cell biologists will find a list of synonyms, a discussion of nomenclatural and taxonomic problems, and a detailed morphological and ecological description, including almost all published faunistic records. This enables both the specialist and the practitioner to determine species without referring back to the original literature. The book offers the interested scientist a thorough and up-to-date revision of the oxytrichids.
In 1900, in a small country town of the German Empire, a German boy is found murdered in a crime which resembles traditional blood libel accusation against the Jews. When the Jewish butcher is accused, the town explodes in an anti-Semitic fervour. Professor Smith pieces the story together.
Matrices are used in many fields such as statistics, econometrics, mathematics, natural sciences and engineering. They provide a concise, simple method for describing long and complicated computations. This is a comprehensive handbook and dictionary of terms for matrix theory.
In dem Band erläutert der Autor die typischen Anzeichen des Morbus Menière, er legt dar, was man über die Krankheit wissen sollte und welche Behandlungskonzepte es gibt. Alle Aspekte der Erkrankung – Grundlagen, Auswirkungen und Therapiemöglichkeiten – sind leicht verständlich zusammengefasst, so dass Betroffene und behandelnder Arzt gleichermaßen davon profitieren. Die neu bearbeitete 7. Auflage informiert über aktuelle medizinische Möglichkeiten und Grenzen und weist auf verfeinerte psychosomatische Vorgehensweisen im Umgang mit der Krankheit hin.
The book describes in detail modern developments in theories of small many body systems like nuclear complexes in accelerator experiments or metal clusters. To make the book self-contained, topics of general nature are included such as Equilibrium- and non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Linear Response Theory, and Functional Integrals.
Who are you if you have lived half your life in one culture and the other half in another? This is the question that Helmut (Tom) Mueller dealt with, often feeling caught between the two cultures. In his memoir, Between Two Chairs, Tom details his life from coming of age in Nazi Germany to a successful life in the United States. This is his story. Born into an affluent family in Brandenburg, Germany in 1925, Tom became fascinated with flying in his youth and eventually joined the Luftwaffe where he saw action as a fighter pilot during WWII. At war's end, he surrendered to the American forces, but was turned over to the Russians the next day. His escape, the search for family, and the attempt to create a normal life dominated the decade after the war. Then came an opportunity to pursue the American Dream where Tom learned to appreciate the values of his new country. In the end, who was he? Helmut the German or Tom the American?
Handbook of Nucleoside Synthesis includes descriptive information regarding the three principal types of nucleoside forming reactions: the Fusion Reaction, the Metal Salt Procedure, and the Hilbert-Johnson Reaction, as well as other miscellaneous methods.
Quantum Computation presents the mathematics of quantum computation. The purpose is to introduce the topic of quantum computing to students in computer science, physics and mathematics who have no prior knowledge of this field. The book is written in two parts. The primary mathematical topics required for an initial understanding of quantum computation are dealt with in Part I: sets, functions, complex numbers and other relevant mathematical structures from linear and abstract algebra. Topics are illustrated with examples focussing on the quantum computational aspects which will follow in more detail in Part II. Part II discusses quantum information, quantum measurement and quantum algorithms. These topics provide foundations upon which more advanced topics may be approached with confidence. Features A more accessible approach than most competitor texts, which move into advanced, research-level topics too quickly for today's students. Part I is comprehensive in providing all necessary mathematical underpinning, particularly for those who need more opportunity to develop their mathematical competence. More confident students may move directly to Part II and dip back into Part I as a reference. Ideal for use as an introductory text for courses in quantum computing. Fully worked examples illustrate the application of mathematical techniques. Exercises throughout develop concepts and enhance understanding. End-of-chapter exercises offer more practice in developing a secure foundation.
This volume critically and objectively analyses the literature up to 1989 and presents a guide to the practical use of all calcium antagonists which have been thoroughly investigated to date. It begins with a concise review of physiological principles as a basis for a discussion of the general and specific pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of calcium antagonists. Special emphasis is given to their therapeutic use in practice, precise dosage schedules are provided, interactions with other medications described, and therapeutic alternatives considered.
Why did financial keiretsu develop in Japan, but not in Germany and the United States? Why is bank intermediation more dominant in Germany and Japan than in the United States? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system? Capital Markets and Corporate Governance in Japan, Germany and the United States answers these and related questions
Quantum Theory, together with the principles of special and general relativity, constitute a scientific revolution that has profoundly influenced the way in which we think about the universe and the fundamental forces that govern it. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory is a definitive historical study of that scientific work and the human struggles that accompanied it from the beginning. Drawing upon such materials as the resources of the Archives for the History of Quantum Physics, the Niels Bohr Archives, and the archives and scientific correspondence of the principal quantum physicists, as well as Jagdish Mehra's personal discussions over many years with most of the architects of quantum theory, the authors have written a rigorous scientific history of quantum theory in a deeply human context. This multivolume work presents a rich account of an intellectual triumph: a unique analysis of the creative scientific process. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory is science, history, and biography, all wrapped in the story of a great human enterprise. Its lessons will be an aid to those working in the sciences and humanities alike.||Comments by distinguished physicists on "The Historical Development of Quantum Theory":||"¿the most definitive work undertaken by anyone on this vast and most important development in the history of physics. Jagdish Mehra, trained in theoretical physics under Pauli, Heisenberg, and Dirac, pursued the vision of his youth to write about the historical and conceptual development of quantum theory in the 20th century¿This series of books on the HDQT has thus become the most authentic and permanent source of our knowledge of how quantum theory, its extensions and applications developed. My heartfelt congratulations."|-Hans A. Bethe, Nobel Laureate||"A thrilling and magnificent achievement!"|-Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, FRS, Nobel Laureate||"¿capture(s) precisely, accurately, and thoroughly the very essence and all the fundamental details of the theory, and that is a remarkable achievement¿I have greatly enjoyed reading these books and learned so many new things from them. This series of books will remain a permanent source of knowledge about the creation and development of quantum theory. Congratulations!"|-Paul A. Dirac, FRS, Nobel Laureate||"The wealth and accuracy of detail in 'The Historical Development of Quantum Theory' are breathtaking."|-Richard P. Feynman, Nobel Laureate
This book is the third of six volumes that review the Hypotricha, a major group of the spirotrichous ciliates. It is about the Amphisiellidae, the Trachelostylidae, and some genera of unknown position in the Hypotricha.
The Urban Climate aims to summarize analytical studies directed toward physical understanding of the rural-urban differences in the atmospheric boundary layer. Attempts to quantify conditions have met with some success. There is certainly a clear understanding of the physical relations that create the climatic differences of urbanized areas. Although some of the earlier classical studies are cited here, the emphasis is on the work done during the last decade and a half. This volume comprises 11 chapters, beginning with an introductory chapter discussing the literature surrounding the topic, its historical development, and the problem of local climate modification. The second chapter presents an assessment of the urban atmosphere on a synoptic and local scale, and examines the observational procedures involved. The following chapters then go on to discuss urban air composition; urban energy fluxes; the urban heat island; the urban wind field; models of urban temperature and wind fields; moisture, clouds, and hydrometeors; urban hydrology; special aspects of urban climate; and finally, urban planning. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of meteorology, urban planning, and urban climatology.
This work has established itself as a classical text in the field of New Testament studies. Written in a readable, non-technical style, it has become an indispensable textbook and reference for teachers, students, clergy, and the educated layperson interested in a scholarly treatment of the New Testament and its background in the Judaic and Greco-Roman world.
This book discusses in detail the special theory of relativity without including all the instruments of theoretical physics, enabling readers who are not budding theoretical physicists to develop competence in the field. An arbitrary but fixed inertial system is chosen, where the known velocity of light is measured. With respect to this system a moving clock loses time and a moving length contracts. The book then presents a definition of simultaneity for the other inertial frames without using the velocity of light. To do so it employs the known reciprocity principle, which in this context serves to provide a definition of simultaneity in the other inertial frames. As a consequence, the Lorentz transformation is deduced and the universal constancy of light is established. With the help of a lattice model of the special theory of relativity the book provides a deeper understanding of the relativistic effects. Further, it discusses the key STR experiments and formulates and solves 54 problems in detail.
Every book on numerical analysis covers methods for the approximate calculation of definite integrals. The authors of this book provide a complementary treatment of the topic by presenting a coherent theory of quadrature methods that encompasses many deep and elegant results as well as a large number of interesting (solved and open) problems. The inclusion of the word ``theory'' in the title highlights the authors' emphasis on analytical questions, such as the existence and structure of quadrature methods and selection criteria based on strict error bounds for quadrature rules. Systematic analyses of this kind rely on certain properties of the integrand, called ``co-observations,'' which form the central organizing principle for the authors' theory, and distinguish their book from other texts on numerical integration. A wide variety of co-observations are examined, as a detailed understanding of these is useful for solving problems in practical contexts. While quadrature theory is often viewed as a branch of numerical analysis, its influence extends much further. It has been the starting point of many far-reaching generalizations in various directions, as well as a testing ground for new ideas and concepts. The material in this book should be accessible to anyone who has taken the standard undergraduate courses in linear algebra, advanced calculus, and real analysis.
‘May the army of millions of dead of all nations bear witness to humanity for the hope that future generations may learn to discard war as the best way to resolve their differences.’ - Helmut Schneider This is the little-known story of Heavy Panzer (Tiger) Battalion 507 told through the recollections of the men who fought with the unit. The book was conceived during a reunion of the ‘507’ at Rohrdorf in 1982, where it was agreed to set up an editorial committee under Helmut Schneider, himself a veteran of the battalion, to search for as many survivors of the unit as possible and gather their reminiscences. The resulting account is a treasure trove of first-hand material, from personal memories, diary entries and letters to leave passes, wartime newspaper cuttings, Wehrmacht bulletins and more than 160 photographs. The account follows the unit from its formation in 1943 and the catastrophic events on the Eastern Front, through battles on the Western Front and engagements against the American 3rd Armoured Division to the confusion of retreat, panic-stricken flight and Soviet captivity in the closing stages of the war. Honest and unflinching, this remarkable collection of autobiographies offers a glimpse into life in Hitler’s panzer division and is a stark testimony of a generation that sacrificed its best years to the war. This is the first English-language translation of the work.
The efforts spent on many a scientific book cannot be justified, no matter how many words are said about it. The opposite is true for this book and a few brief remarks upon its publication. Within a short period of time, short even by all present standards, gel chromatography has gone through a development and experienced an acceptance that is unknown to any other method. From experience, the new and unique separation technique is today known and liked in all laboratories that are concerned with substances of high molecular weight; in others, the technique is known from hearsay, the least. Soon it became evident that a comprehensive coverage of the conceptual development, the theoretical principles, and the experimental technique of the new method would be desirable. This coverage is now offered by the book of an expert. Its author has personally participated in the development from its beginning and helped to promote it. He has made possible the gel chromatography, also of proteins, on thin layer plates; for lipophilic substances he has contributed considerably to the transition from water to organic solvent systems and developed theoretical concepts for a better understanding of the effects that are responsible for the separation. The book, so it appears to me, is pointing in new directions. The reader does not only expect a clear presentation of facts but also that of instructions for practical applications. Both these expectations have been met by the expert.
This work has established itself as a classical text in the field of New Testament studies. Written in a readable, non-technical style, it has become an indispensable textbook and reference for teachers, students, clergy, and the educated layperson interested in a scholarly treatment of the New Testament and its background in the Judaic and Greco-Roman world.
Offers a different perspective on global governance from the vantage point of a global knowledge society. Employing a case study of the global financial system and an analysis of several governance regimes, this work contends that markets, legal systems, and morality must evolve to cope with uncertainty, build capacities, and achieve resilience.
An extensive history of the amphibious attack unit created by Nazi Germany during World War II. Hitler’s Secret Commandos is the history of the K-Verband naval commando unit, established in 1943 to wreak havoc amongst invading allied forces involved in amphibious landings or actions, against German-occupied coasts. Following the Italian and British example, the basic idea was for a small, exceptionally well-trained and reliable commando force using the maximum element of surprise. Midget U-boats and small torpedo-carrying craft along the lines of the “explosive boats” used by the Italian Navy were designed for individual operations while a naval assault troop was formed for missions against important enemy operational targets near the sea after being landed from naval vessels offshore. Using German archive material, first-hand accounts and other published material this is the first comprehensive history of the K-Verband. It charts the development, structure, selection, training and equipment the Commando unit used together with a detailed narrative of the operations undertaken. The material has been translated from a German text, previously published in Germany with wide acclaim.
In recent years several cases concerning the liability of directors and officers have courted controversy. Arguments raised in such discussions oscillate between two extremes: on the one hand, the need for governing bodies to give a space to entrepreneurial discretion and on the other hand to ensure the protection of investors in and creditors of a company from the consequences of disadvantageous decisions by those bodies. In light of the geographical dispersal of the above stakeholders, the study offers a comparative insight into the liability of directors and officers in 10 key European jurisdictions (in particular, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain and Switzerland) and 4 non-European jurisdictions (namely Brazil, Israel, Turkey and the United States). Amongst other things it investigates existing company law principles on the topic and examines their interaction with tort law and other fields with a view to suggesting principles for better stakeholder protection. National reports are complemented by an economic analysis and insurance, conflict of laws and comparative reports. The study also benefits from case study analyses.
As was the case in the two preceding workshops of 1969 and 1971, the Third Workshop on "Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena" held in 1973 was of international character. The main purpose was to review the advanced status of this particular and turbulent field of physics as it had developed vigorously in all major laboratories of the world since 1971. Due to recently accelerated advancements, it was hardly possible to present a com plete tutorial review; the subject is still in its premature stages and changing rapidly. A topical conference would have been too specific for a group of physicists with broad backgrounds working in the field or for those just about to enter it. It was the aim of the workshop and it is the aim of these proceedings to help this large group of scientists find their way within the highly complex and sometimes confusing results of a new field. We optimized the task of the workshop with extensive reviews on severa~ topics and at the same time included more detailed infor mation for specialists. The differences in their conclusions were not a matter of contention but rather served to complement the advanced results. As in the preceding workshops, we directed our attention toward critical realism in respect to the complexity of the field. What is meant here is exemplified in the contribution by R. Sigel W.667).
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