With the growing recognition during the last two centuries that the Earth has an immense age and processes over long periods of time have changed the morphology and composition of the Earth's crust, geologists have become increasingly interested in determination of absolute ages. A rela tive geochronology was established on the basis of the lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic principles developed during the last century. With the discovery of radioactivity, the basis for a new geoscientific discipline - geochronology - was established (Rutherford 1906). It is the study of geological time, based mainly on the time signatures provided by the isotopic composition in geologic materials. The isotopic signature in a rock yields more information than that provided by the geochemical signature alone because it reflects the origin and history of the element in the rock. The aim of geochronology is to calibrate and standardize chronostrati graphic scales, to develop geological time scales that have a sensitive or at least useful resolution in order to place the geological events in the correct chronological order, and to assign their proper time spans. In practice, the application of geochronology is much wider because the data in the "natural archives" often provide information on the origin, genesis, and history of the materials. This, of course, requires an understanding of the geochemical behavior of the substances involved.
Helmut Ortner reveals a staggering history of perpetrators, victims and bystanders in Hitler’s Germany. He explores the shocking evidence of a merciless era – and of the shameful omissions of post-war German justice. Johann Reichhart was a state-appointed judicial executioner in Bavaria from 1924 until the end of the war in Europe. During the Nazi era, he executed numerous people who were sentenced to death for resisting National Socialism, including many of those involved in the 20 July 1944 bomb plot on Adolf Hitler. As a member of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, the SS organisation responsible for administering the concentration and extermination camps, Arnold Strippel served at a number of locations during his rise to the rank of SS-Obersturmführer. These included Natzweiler-Struthof, Buchenwald, Majdanek, Ravensbrück and Neuengamme, where he was responsible for murdering the victims of a series of tuberculosis medical experiments. Like Reichhart, Erich Schwinge was also involved in the legal sphere during the Third Reich. A German military lawyer, in 1931 he became a professor of law and, from 1936, wrote the legal commentary on German military criminal law that was decisive during the Nazi era. Aside from the part they played in Hitler’s regime, these three men all had one further thing in common – they survived the war and restarted their careers in Adenauer’s Federal Republic of Germany. In Hitler’s Henchmen, Helmut Ortner uncovers the full stories of Reichhart, Strippel, Schwinge and others like them, Nazi perpetrators who enjoyed post-war careers as judges, university professors, doctors and politicians. Had they been gutless cogs in the machinery of the Nazi state, or ideologized persecutors? Ortner reveals that it was not only their Nazi pasts that were forgotten, but how the suffering of the victims, including resistance fighters such as Georg Elser and Maurice Becaud, and their relatives was suppressed and ignored.
Proteomics - the analysis of the whole set of proteins and their functions in a cell - is based on the revolutionary developments which have been achieved in protein analysis during the last years. The number of finished genome projects is growing and in parallel there is a dramatically increasing need to identify the products of revealed genes. Acting on a micro level modern protein chemistry increases our understanding of biological events by elucidating the relevant structure-function relationships. The second edition of the successful title Microcharacterization of Proteins presents a current overview of modern protein analysis: From sample preparation to sequence analysis, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics it informs about the tools needed in protein research. This makes the book indispensable for everyone involved in proteomics!
The only complete edition in any language of all the known stenographic conferences. These are the first verbatim records in history of military planning at the highest level.
The problem of classifying the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p > 0 is a long-standing one. Work on this question during the last 45 years has been directed by the Kostrikin–Shafarevich Conjecture of 1966, which states that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 5 a finite-dimensional restricted simple Lie algebra is classical or of Cartan type. This conjecture was proved for p > 7 by Block and Wilson in 1988. The generalization of the Kostrikin–Shafarevich Conjecture for the general case of not necessarily restricted Lie algebras and p > 7 was announced in 1991 by Strade and Wilson and eventually proved by Strade in 1998. The final Block–Wilson–Strade–Premet Classification Theorem is a landmark result of modern mathematics and can be formulated as follows: Every finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 3 is of classical, Cartan, or Melikian type. In the three-volume book, the author is assembling the proof of the Classification Theorem with explanations and references. The goal is a state-of-the-art account on the structure and classification theory of Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic leading to the forefront of current research in this field. This is the last of three volumes. In this monograph the proof of the Classification Theorem presented in the first volume is concluded. It collects all the important results on the topic which can be found only in scattered scientific literature so far.
The biography of the infamous judge who oversaw Nazi justice for the Third Reich as president of the “People’s Court.” Though little known, the name of the judge Roland Freisler is inextricably linked to the judiciary in Nazi Germany. As well as serving as the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice, he was the notorious president of the “People’s Court,” a man directly responsible for more than 2,200 death sentences; with almost no exceptions, cases in the “People’s Court” had predetermined guilty verdicts. It was Freisler, for example, who tried three activists of the White Rose resistance movement in February 1943. He found them guilty of treason and sentenced the trio to death by beheading; a sentence carried out the same day by guillotine. In August 1944, Freisler played a central role in the show trials that followed the failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler on 20 July that year—a plot known more commonly as Operation Valkyrie. Many of the ringleaders were tried by Freisler in the “People’s Court.” Nearly all of those found guilty were sentenced to death by hanging, the sentences being carried out within two hours of the verdicts being passed. Roland Freisler’s mastery of legal texts and dramatic courtroom verbal dexterity made him the most feared judge in the Third Reich. In this in-depth examination, Helmut Ortner not only investigates the development and judgments of the Nazi tribunal, but the career of Freisler, a man who was killed in February 1945 during an Allied air raid.
Bearings are used in the construction of bridges, for the distribution of loads between different elements and for compensating stresses. This volume describes their construction, function, calculation and applications, and is supplemented by normative regulations and research results. The book takes account of EN 1337 standards, which are binding on a European level. It also takes into account the latest experiences gained in practice as well as on the basis of recent tests, and includes examples for the correct placing of bearings and dampers.
Winner of the 2018 CCCC Technical and Scientific Communication Award in the category of Best Book in Technical or Scientific Communication Responding to the effects of human mobility and crises such as depleting oil supplies, Ehren Helmut Pflugfelder turns specifically to automobility, a term used to describe the kinds of mobility afforded by autonomous, automobile-based movement technologies and their ramifications. Thus far, few studies in technical communication have explored the development of mobility technologies, the immense power that highly structured, environmentally significant systems have in the world, or the human-machine interactions that take place in such activities. Applying kinaesthetic rhetoric, a rhetoric that is sensitive to and developed from the mobile, material context of these technologies, Pflugfelder looks at transportation projects such as electric taxi cabs from the turn of the century to modern day, open-source vehicle projects, and a large case study of an autonomous, electric pod car network that ultimately failed. Kinaesthetic rhetoric illuminates how mobility technologies have always been persuasive wherever and whenever linguistic symbol systems and material interactions enroll us, often unconsciously, into regimes of movement and ways of experiencing the world. As Pflugfelder shows, mobility technologies involve networks of sustained arguments that are as durable as the bonds between the actors in their networks.
The problem of classifying the finite dimensional simple Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p > 0 is a long-standing one. Work on this question has been directed by the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture of 1966, which states that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 5 a finite dimensional restricted simple Lie algebra is classical or of Cartan type. This conjecture was proved for p > 7 by Block and Wilson in 1988. The generalization of the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture for the general case of not necessarily restricted Lie algebras and p > 7 was announced in 1991 by Strade and Wilson and eventually proved by Strade in 1998. The final Block-Wilson-Strade-Premet Classification Theorem is a landmark result of modern mathematics and can be formulated as follows: Every simple finite dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 3 is of classical, Cartan, or Melikian type. In the three-volume book, the author is assembling the proof of the Classification Theorem with explanations and references. The goal is a state-of-the-art account on the structure and classification theory of Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic. This first volume is devoted to preparing the ground for the classification work to be performed in the second and third volumes. The concise presentation of the general theory underlying the subject matter and the presentation of classification results on a subclass of the simple Lie algebras for all odd primes will make this volume an invaluable source and reference for all research mathematicians and advanced graduate students in algebra. The second edition is corrected. Contents Toral subalgebras in p-envelopes Lie algebras of special derivations Derivation simple algebras and modules Simple Lie algebras Recognition theorems The isomorphism problem Structure of simple Lie algebras Pairings of induced modules Toral rank 1 Lie algebras
The efforts spent on many a scientific book cannot be justified, no matter how many words are said about it. The opposite is true for this book and a few brief remarks upon its publication. Within a short period of time, short even by all present standards, gel chromatography has gone through a development and experienced an acceptance that is unknown to any other method. From experience, the new and unique separation technique is today known and liked in all laboratories that are concerned with substances of high molecular weight; in others, the technique is known from hearsay, the least. Soon it became evident that a comprehensive coverage of the conceptual development, the theoretical principles, and the experimental technique of the new method would be desirable. This coverage is now offered by the book of an expert. Its author has personally participated in the development from its beginning and helped to promote it. He has made possible the gel chromatography, also of proteins, on thin layer plates; for lipophilic substances he has contributed considerably to the transition from water to organic solvent systems and developed theoretical concepts for a better understanding of the effects that are responsible for the separation. The book, so it appears to me, is pointing in new directions. The reader does not only expect a clear presentation of facts but also that of instructions for practical applications. Both these expectations have been met by the expert.
This important study of the relationship between historical developments and the work of the scholars associated with the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research yields fascinating insights into the actual workings of the Institute and the relationships among its members. The book has already had a major impact in Germany, where it has opened up the subject for argument and analysis by a new generation of scholars.Theory and Politics first explores the effect of political experience on the process of theory construction from 1930 to 1945. The central figure in this examination is Max Horkheimer, whose work is seen as the key to the shift in the Frankfurt School's focus from materialism to Critical Theory to a "critique of instrumental reason." Within each of the three periods defined by these foci the author examines external historical-political events (including the School's emigration to America) and their reflection in the group's changing conception of the relation of theory to practice as well as in its detailed theoretical position. Along the way he helps to clarify such questions as the Schools's evolving attitudes toward the Soviet Union, fascism, science, and the desired utopia.The book then examines what may have been the strongest stage of Critical Theory - the program for interdisciplinary research that emerged in the early 1930s. The author acutely portrays Horkheimer's conception of a synthesis between philosophy and empirical social science that would result in a form of social research relevant to the central problems of the day.As Martin Jay notes in his foreword, Helmut Dubiel has become not only an analyst of Critical Theory but a gifted contributor to its ongoing reception and development. He is currently a research fellow at the University of Frankfurt. Theory and Politics is included in the series, Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.
The problem of classifying the finite dimensional simple Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p > 0 is a long standing one. Work on this question has been directed by the Kostrikin Shafarevich Conjecture of 1966, which states that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 5 a finite dimensional restricted simple Lie algebra is classical or of Cartan type. This conjecture was proved for p > 7 by Block and Wilson in 1988. The generalization of the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture for the general case of not necessarily restricted Lie algebras and p > 7 was announced in 1991 by Strade and Wilson and eventually proved by Strade in 1998. The final Block-Wilson-Strade-Premet Classification Theorem is a landmark result of modern mathematics and can be formulated as follows: Every simple finite dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 3 is of classical, Cartan, or Melikian type. This is the second part of a three-volume book about the classification of the simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic > 3. The first volume contains the methods, examples and a first classification result. This second volume presents insight in the structure of tori of Hamiltonian and Melikian algebras. Based on sandwich element methods due to A. I. Kostrikin and A. A. Premet and the investigations of filtered and graded Lie algebras, a complete proof for the classification of absolute toral rank 2 simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic > 3 is given. Contents Tori in Hamiltonian and Melikian algebras 1-sections Sandwich elements and rigid tori Towards graded algebras The toral rank 2 case
The first major history of Germany in a generation, a work that presents a five-hundred-year narrative that challenges our traditional perceptions of Germany’s conflicted past. For nearly a century, historians have depicted Germany as a rabidly nationalist land, born in a sea of aggression. Not so, says Helmut Walser Smith, who, in this groundbreaking 500-year history—the first comprehensive volume to go well beyond World War II—challenges traditional perceptions of Germany’s conflicted past, revealing a nation far more thematically complicated than twentieth-century historians have imagined. Smith’s dramatic narrative begins with the earliest glimmers of a nation in the 1500s, when visionary mapmakers and adventuresome travelers struggled to delineate and define this embryonic nation. Contrary to widespread perception, the people who first described Germany were pacific in temperament, and the pernicious ideology of German nationalism would only enter into the nation’s history centuries later. Tracing the significant tension between the idea of the nation and the ideology of its nationalism, Smith shows a nation constantly reinventing itself and explains how radical nationalism ultimately turned Germany into a genocidal nation. Smith’s aim, then, is nothing less than to redefine our understanding of Germany: Is it essentially a bellicose nation that murdered over six million people? Or a pacific, twenty-first-century model of tolerant democracy? And was it inevitable that the land that produced Goethe and Schiller, Heinrich Heine and Käthe Kollwitz, would also carry out genocide on an unprecedented scale? Combining poignant prose with an historian’s rigor, Smith recreates the national euphoria that accompanied the beginning of World War I, followed by the existential despair caused by Germany’s shattering defeat. This psychic devastation would simultaneously produce both the modernist glories of the Bauhaus and the meteoric rise of the Nazi party. Nowhere is Smith’s mastery on greater display than in his chapter on the Holocaust, which looks at the killing not only through the tragedies of Western Europe but, significantly, also through the lens of the rural hamlets and ghettos of Poland and Eastern Europe, where more than 80% of all the Jews murdered originated. He thus broadens the extent of culpability well beyond the high echelons of Hitler’s circle all the way to the local level. Throughout its pages, Germany also examines the indispensable yet overlooked role played by German women throughout the nation’s history, highlighting great artists and revolutionaries, and the horrific, rarely acknowledged violence that war wrought on women. Richly illustrated, with original maps created by the author, Germany: A Nation in Its Time is a sweeping account that does nothing less than redefine our understanding of Germany for the twenty-first century.
Living as a carpenter who had spent time working in a watch factory, Georg Elser was just an ordinary member of society living in Munich. That is, however, until he took it upon himself to attempt to assassinate the Führer, Adolph Hitler. Being a common man who opposed the Nazi regime, Elser took his skills that he had learned, and worked to assemble his own bomb detonator. Every night, he would head to the Munich Beer Hall, where he would work on assembling the bomb that he planned to kill Hitler with, in a hollowed out space near the speaker’s podium. The bomb went off successfully, killing eight people. Hitler was not one of them. This is the story, scene by scene, of the events that led up to Georg Elser taking justice into his own hands, his attempt to murder the Führer, and what happened after the bomb went off. The Lone Assassin is a powerfully gripping tale that places you in 1939, as you follow Elser from the Munich Beer Hall, across the border, and sadly, to the concentration camp, where his heroic life ended. Skyhorse Publishing, along with our Arcade, Good Books, Sports Publishing, and Yucca imprints, is proud to publish a broad range of biographies, autobiographies, and memoirs. Our list includes biographies on well-known historical figures like Benjamin Franklin, Nelson Mandela, and Alexander Graham Bell, as well as villains from history, such as Heinrich Himmler, John Wayne Gacy, and O. J. Simpson. We have also published survivor stories of World War II, memoirs about overcoming adversity, first-hand tales of adventure, and much more. While not every title we publish becomes a New York Times bestseller or a national bestseller, we are committed to books on subjects that are sometimes overlooked and to authors whose work might not otherwise find a home.
After the war, the German government investigated 1,770 former Einsatzgruppen members and brought 136 of these men to trial. Helmut Langerbein has systematically examined the trial evidence in search of characteristics shared by these mass murderers. Using a much broader data base than earlier studies, Langerbein identifies a number of factors that could explain their actions, illustrating each with a particular person or group of officers." "Given the extent of its data, its detailed analysis and its careful conclusions, Hitler's Death Squads: The Logic of Mass Murder will push historians and psychologists toward a reappraisal of the Nazi killing machine, the behavior of the men behind the battle lines, and the overwhelming power of circumstances."--Jacket.
Dermatology" covers all the classical and related fields of dermatology, providing a wealth of infor- mation on clinical features, pathophysiology, and differen- tial diagnosis. Approximately 850 excellent color figures help the reader become acquainted with the immense variety of dermatological diseases. Each chapter contains detailed proposals for comprehensive therapy. The book is a must for every doctor confronted with dermatological problems.
This is the first paperback edition of a book which originally appeared under the title "South-West Africa Under German Rule", and appears with a new introduction by the author. The history of Namibia offers many parallels to developments in other European colonies. The settlers, with a greater or lesser use of force, established themselves in the country and their confrontation with the African population often culminated in rebellion in the area of major settlement; a European settler community would then consolidate itself over the ruins left by military conquest. The pattern was repeated in Namibia during the Nama and Herero wars. Helmut Bley shows how the roots of German totalitarianism stem from the colonial period. He provides a picture of how social insecurity, bureaucracy and rigid economic thinking produced the racialism and the extremism of the last years of German rule. The abuse of the Africans provided the roots of the abuse of the Jews.
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