Christian theology and religious belief were crucially important to Anglo-Saxon society, and are manifest in the surviving textual, visual and material evidence. This is the first full-length study investigating how Christian theology and religious beliefs permeated society and underpinned social values in early medieval England. The influence of the early medieval Church as an institution is widely acknowledged, but Christian theology itself is generally considered to have been accessible only to a small educated elite. This book shows that theology had a much greater and more significant impact than has been recognised. An examination of theology in its social context, and how it was bound up with local authorities and powers, reveals a much more subtle interpretation of secular processes, and shows how theological debate affected the ways that religious and lay individuals lived and died. This was not a one-way flow, however: this book also examines how social and cultural practices and interests affected the development of theology in Anglo-Saxon England, and how ’popular’ belief interacted with literary and academic traditions. Through case-studies, this book explores how theological debate and discussion affected the personal perspectives of Christian Anglo-Saxons, including where possible those who could not read. In all of these, it is clear that theology was not detached from society or from the experiences of lay people, but formed an essential constituent part.
Boudicca - Queen, Priestess, mother, woman ... Emerging from her recent widowhood, Boudicca (Boadicea) is unwillingly plunged into a maelstrom of intrigue between the Celtoi tribes and the conquering Romani. Victim of her own still raw emotions and Romani greed, Boudicca is approached by an elusive Druid to lead the Celtoi in rebellion. But there have been Celtoi rebellions before, what will make this one so different? As the rebellion unfolds it gathers a momentum of its own, sweeping Boudicca along with it. But she finds that she must make many sacrifices in order to fulfil the role demanded of her. As the sacrifices increase, so does Boudicca's descent into madness. Will too much be asked of her? This dark historical fantasy draws on known Iron Age archaeology, Roman history, elements from Celtic mythology, paganism, Goddess-spirituality, and witchcraft.
By the late nineteenth century, the city had become the dominant social environment of Britain, with the majority of the population living in large cities, often with over 100, 000 inhabitants. The central concern of this book, first published in 1976, is to assess how successful the late Victorians were in creating a stimulating social environment whilst these developing cities were being transformed into modern industrial and commercial centres. Using Bristol as a case study, Helen Meller analyses the new relationships brought about by mass urbanisation, between city and citizen, environment and society. The book considers a variety of important features of the Victorian city, in particular the development of the main cultural institutions, the provision of leisure facilities by voluntary societies and the expansion of activities such as music, sport and commercial entertainment. Comparative examples are drawn from other cities, which illustrate the common social and cultural values of an urbanised nation. This is a very interesting title, of great relevance to students and academics of town planning, Victorian society, and the history and development of the modern city.
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