This book provides an innovative contribution to the study of the Responsibility to Protect and Kantian political theory. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine has been heralded as the new international security norm to ensure the protection of peoples against genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Yet, for all of the discussion, endorsements and reaffirmations of this new norm, R2P continues to come under fire for its failures, particularly, and most recently, in the case of Syria. This book argues that a duty to protect is best considered a Kantian provisional duty of justice. The international system ought to be considered a state of nature, where legal institutions are either weak or absent, and so duties of justice in such a condition cannot be considered peremptory. This book suggests that by understanding the duty’s provisional status, we understand the necessity of creating the requisite executive, legislative and judicial authorities. Furthermore, the book provides three innovative contributions to the literature, study and practice of R2P and Kantian political theory: it provides detailed theoretical analysis of R2P; it addresses the research gap that exists with Kant’s account of justice in states of nature; and it presents a more comprehensive understanding of the metaphysics of justice as well as R2P. This book will be of much interest to students of the Responsibility to Protect, humanitarian intervention, global ethics, international law, security studies and international relations (IR) in general.
AI is one potential way to enable real-time, cost-effective and efficient responses to a variety of human security-related issues. AI applications related to search, classification and novel pattern recognition can help to correlate and extract content and meaning from multiple sources. AI planning applications can quickly, reasonably and reliably enable users to carry out complex and multi-stage actions in disaster relief operations. The UN estimates that when a new crisis emerges - that is, a crisis that involves violence and mass threats to human rights - the estimated response time to plan and field a credible peacekeeping mission is six to 12 months. It is important to still use normative principles to interrogate the purpose and effects of AI applications as they relate to empowerment and human security. AI is as likely to disempower people as it is to empower them, and so it is necessary to use ethical principles to guide the creation and deployment of AI systems. Human security is not for an elite few, and so the capabilities of AI must be within everyone's grasp. When it comes to applications related to disaster relief, conflict prevention, human rights protection and justice, it is imperative that wider schemes of data sharing are employed by individuals, groups, NGOs and governments. However, it is simultaneously imperative that data, through sharing and acquisition, are also protected to the greatest possible extent.
Veronica Roth published her first book at the age of twenty-one and had the pleasure of seeing it quickly become a best-seller. Her dystopian trilogy about Tris Prior has made Roth a favorite with fans around the world. It inspired a series of hit movies and helped feed the current appetite for YA novels with strong female protagonists and tense, exciting plots. Readers will learn about Roth’s childhood and college years, how she got published, and where she gets some of the ideas for her novels. A treat for her many fans!
This book provides an innovative contribution to the study of the Responsibility to Protect and Kantian political theory. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine has been heralded as the new international security norm to ensure the protection of peoples against genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Yet, for all of the discussion, endorsements and reaffirmations of this new norm, R2P continues to come under fire for its failures, particularly, and most recently, in the case of Syria. This book argues that a duty to protect is best considered a Kantian provisional duty of justice. The international system ought to be considered a state of nature, where legal institutions are either weak or absent, and so duties of justice in such a condition cannot be considered peremptory. This book suggests that by understanding the duty’s provisional status, we understand the necessity of creating the requisite executive, legislative and judicial authorities. Furthermore, the book provides three innovative contributions to the literature, study and practice of R2P and Kantian political theory: it provides detailed theoretical analysis of R2P; it addresses the research gap that exists with Kant’s account of justice in states of nature; and it presents a more comprehensive understanding of the metaphysics of justice as well as R2P. This book will be of much interest to students of the Responsibility to Protect, humanitarian intervention, global ethics, international law, security studies and international relations (IR) in general.
Molecular Ecology, 2nd Edition provides an accessible introduction to the many diverse aspects of this subject. The book takes a logical and progressive approach to uniting examples from a wide range of taxonomic groups. The straightforward writing style offers in depth analysis whilst making often challenging subjects such as population genetics and phylogenetics highly comprehensible to the reader. The first part of the book introduces the essential underpinnings of molecular ecology and gives a review of genetics and discussion of the molecular markers that are most frequently used in ecological research, and a chapter devoted to the newly emerging field of ecological genomics. The second half of the book covers specific applications of molecular ecology, covering phylogeography, behavioural ecology and conservation genetics. The new edition provides a thoroughly up-to-date introduction to the field, emphasising new types of analyses and including current examples and techniques whilst also retaining the information-rich, highly readable style which set the first edition apart. Incorporates both theoretical and applied perspectives Highly accessible, user-friendly approach and presentation Includes self-assessment activities with hypothetical cases based on actual species and realistic data sets Uses case studies to place the theory in context Provides coverage of population genetics, genomics, phylogeography, behavioural ecology and conservation genetics.
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