This book describes the importance of heat transfer in heat exchangers, and fluids properties play a vital role to increase heat transfer rate translating the size of the equipment and cuts in the capital and running cost in the long term. Nanofluids applications in heat exchangers will help to improve the thermophysical properties of the fluid and therefore heat transfer. And, this book explains the enhancing mechanisms of heat transfer by employing nanofluids in heat exchangers. A critical discussion will enable to estimate the pros and cons of such fluids in different types of heat exchangers. Prevailing working conditions for short- and long-term implementation of various types of nanofluids will be discussed and introduced to the readers. This book helps the researchers, scientist and academicians working in the domain to be able to get a comprehensive knowledge at one place regarding the preparation, properties, measurements, data reduction, characteristics and applications of nanofluids in heat exchangers.
Islamic Finance has experienced rapid growth in recent years, showing significant innovation and sophistication, and producing a broad range of investment products which are not limited to the complete replication of conventional fixed-income instruments, derivatives and fund structures. Islamic Finance represents an elemental departure from traditional interest-based and speculative practices, relying instead on real economic transactions, such as trade, investment based on profit sharing, and other solidary ways of doing business, and aims to incorporate Islamic principles, such as social justice, ecology and kindness, to create investment products and financial markets which are both ethical and sustainable. Products created according to Islamic principles have shown a low correlation to other market segments and are relatively independent even from market turbulences like the subprime crisis. Therefore, they have become increasingly popular with secular Muslims and non-Muslim investors, as highly useful alternative investments for the diversification of portfolios. In Islamic Capital Markets: Products and Strategies, international experts on Islamic Finance and Sharia'a Law focus on the most imminent issues surrounding the evolution of Islamic capital markets and the development of Sharia'a-compliant products. The book is separated into four parts, covering: General concepts and legal issues, including Rahn concepts in Saudi Arabia, the Sharia'a process in product development and the integration of social responsibility in financial communities; Global Islamic capital market trends, such as the evolution of Takaful products and the past, present and future of Islamic derivatives; National and regional experiences, from the world's largest Islamic financial market, Malaysia, to Islamic finance in other countries, including Germany, France and the US; Learning from Islamic finance after the global financial crisis; analysis of the risks and strengths of Islamic capital markets compared to the conventional system, financial engineering from an Islamic perspective, Sharia'a-compliant equity investments and Islamic microfinance. Islamic Capital Markets: Products and Strategies is the complete investors' guide to Islamic finance.
This book adopts an integrated approach to the study of contact literature through collaboration between theories of World Englishes and translation studies. The author proposes an interactive framework that integrates linguistic and cultural perspectives, through the analysis of selected Anglo-Arab and Arab-American contact literary texts: Samia Serageldine’s The Cairo House (2000), Leila Ahmed’s A Border Passage (1999), Leila Aboulela’s The Translator (1999), Ahdaf Soueif’s The Map of Love (2000), and Abdelkebir Khatibi’s Love in Two Languages (1990). The author then discusses the pedagogical implications of bilingual creativity via a language in literature approach. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of translation studies, literature and cultural studies.
The Making of Shia Ayatollahs is a uniformly balanced and scholarly but empathetic portrayal of the appearance, construction, and dynamism of Shia hawzas, aytollahs’ attitudes and scholarship, and the meeting of faith, knowledge, and popularity in Shia Islam.
This work traces the origins of apocalyptic prophecy in Christianity and Islam through in-depth examinations of several texts found within the Bible, the Quran, and the Hadith. The author contends that Christianity and Islam, often seen as two of the primary fundamentalist and proselytizing world faiths, remain pitted against each other in an ongoing struggle to impose their religious ideology on the rest of the world through either force or persuasion. The religious prophecies discussed in this book are largely focused on end-time or apocalyptic scenarios (such as the Book of Revelation from the Bible's New Testament, the prophesized hour of judgment in the Quran, and the Book of Tribulations in the Hadith). The final two chapters provide an analysis of current world politics, including the Iraq War, within the context of Christian and Islamic prophecy.
Unconventional Oilseeds and New Oil Sources: Chemistry and Analysis is presented in three parts, with each section dedicated to different types of oil sources. Part One deals with plants (vegetable, herbs, shrubs), such as Hibiscus, Mexican Poppy, Cucumber, Squashes, Sesame, etc. Part Two presents unconventional oils found in trees (like Balanites aegyptiaca, Annona squamosal and Catunaregam nilotica), and Part Three deals with new oils found in insects, as in the water melon bug and sorghum bug. This book will be of interest to researchers in oilseed production, research and development personnel, food scientists, plant breeders, product development personnel, and government agency personnel involved in the production, transportation, distribution, and processing of oilseeds. - Compiles information on unconventional oilseeds and new sources of oil found worldwide, including those from plants (vegetables, herbs, shrubs), trees, and insects - Presents the physico-chemical properties of the seed oils, in addition to their mineral compositions and chemical analyses - Thoroughly explores the chemistry of new oils, their composition, bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids, tocopherols, and sterols - Introduces the composition of new oil sources, their content of minor and bioactive components, and the most used official methods for analysis
The global rise in pandemics, most recently COVID-19, and other health challenges, some of which are due to climate change, have imposed significant challenges on the healthcare systems in economies around the world. Thus, this book deals with an issue that is very timely and relevant, not just in Africa but globally. It critically assesses healthcare reforms in Ghana under the Fourth Republic, since 1993. Although it focuses on Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme of 2003, the book instructively goes beyond this program. The book argues that, although Ghana is a bellwether of healthcare reforms in Africa, its healthcare initiatives are still far from the service haven of healthcare as a human right. Themes that animate the book’s argument include the need to translate human rights law, such as the right to health, into practical policies that work for ordinary citizens. Key highlights of the book include an increased accent on health as a human right, emphasis on comparative analysis in healthcare studies, and the formulation of a four-hallmark framework, embedded in economics, law, politics, and human rights, to act as a guide for assessment of healthcare reforms in Africa in particular, and Ghana more specifically. Using Ghana as a case study and analytical window into the world, the book offers a valuable and timely resource for academics, students and policymakers across the disciplines of development and healthcare economics, law, public policy, political science, sociology, and African and Caribbean studies, as well as in various fields in health science.
Undertaking a sustained interpretation of Sudanese novelist Tayeb Salih's novels and short stories, this study focuses primarily on the ways in which his work depicts the clashing of Arab ideologies - that is, questions of tradition, modernity, imperialism, gender and political authority.
In an age when the Western world is preoccupied with worries about weapons of mass destruction in terrorist hands, terrorists across many parts of the globe are using a more basic device as a weapon – life itself. Suicide bombing has become a weapon of choice among terrorist groups because of its lethality and unrivalled ability to cause mayhem and fear, but what is the real driving force behind these attacks? For the first time, Suicide Bombings analyzes concrete data from The Suicide Terrorism Database at Flinders University, Australia, to explain what motivates the perpetrators. The results serve to largely discredit common wisdom that religion and an impressionable personality are the principal causes, and show rather that a cocktail of motivations fuel these attacks which include politics, humiliation, revenge, retaliation, and altruism. Suicide Bombings provides a short but incisive insight into this much publicized form of terrorism, and as such is an informative and engaging resource for students, academics, and indeed anyone with an interest in this topic.
The main purpose of this book is to present comprehensive information about the Dar Fur region, covering the geographical, economical, historical, and ethnical facts related to the region, to provide every interested person with a complete impression of Dar Fur in the past, present, and future and, moreover, to offer help with understanding the background of the ongoing ethnical conflict in this region. Whereas Dar Fur is only a part of the whole country of Sudan, it is necessary to mention related, shared geographical, economical, historical, and ethnical facts here.
This work sheds light on the evolution of maritime law in the Mediterranean Sea between 800 and the 1050s, a period in maritime legal history whose gaps contemporary scholars have not attempted to bridge. It may allow scholars a better appreciation of the contribution which Islamic jurisprudence made to the development and internationalization of the law of the sea.
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) through the Faculty of Tropical Forestry (formerly known as School of InternationalTropical Forestry) have conducted forestry camp in the Forestry education curriculum since it was introduced in 2000. Every year, we bring the students sometimes two troops in a year to train them as a forester. At the same time, the lecturers and staff prepare the teaching materials and equipment needed for the camp, and of course, we teach them relatively similar content every year by the respective lecturer or expert with staff assistance. Indeed, writing this book is not an easy job when we have so many ideas but quite challenging to transform in a book due to time constraints and other commitments by the lecturers for many years. However, we got the motivation that we want the best for our students and we have experience in coordinating forest camps for many years. Therefore, we wrote this book to provide a guide and practical to the students about forestry camp for learning, forest mentoring, both theoretical and practical as a compliment in achieving forester values in the related forestry discipline, hard skills as well as soft skills. More than that, this book is also intended to reach a broad audience on basic knowledge about how to survive in the forest, introduction on some wild edible plant and non-forest resources, birds, wildlife, forest recreation as well as camping hazard management for those people who are intended for organizing camping in the forest. We hope that this publication provides invaluable insights that may help not only forestry students but also the people who love and enjoy the forest.
Zakat, being the third pillar of Islam, is an act of worship fulfilled by Muslims. As an obligatory means of alms- giving expected of Muslims, it also helps to alleviate poverty in society by assisting such individuals to achieve a state of financial independence. It is maintained by Muslims that the principles of zakat derived from the Sharia are expected to remain unchanged with passing time. However, in order to achieve efficiency in the administration of zakat, innovation and technology can be used even within the parameters of Sharia. The objective of this textbook is to provide the opportunity to learn the basics of zakat and its contemporary application by highlighting the innovative practices of zakat with issues and challenges.
This remarkable memoir of a junior member of the former royal family constitutes a unique chronicle of life before 1952 among the members of Egypt's ruling class. It provides fascinating insights into the lives not only of the rulers themselves, from Muhammad Ali to King Fuad and King Farouk, but also of royal wives, cousins, aunts, uncles, and associated personalities. In the House of Muhammad Ali is a personal memoir from the inside; it is thus an important document for future scholars. But the book will delight the general reader every bit as much as the historian. It is a charming and evocative account of a time and a social class that no longer exist, written in the author's inimitable style a style that reads almost like a conversation: "She emanated a gentle quietude which was like a screen between one and the exterior world. A dim sort of luminosity seemed to surround her, as if she lived in a gray, limbo world of her own also conveyed perhaps by the fact that she had very poor and limited eyesight." Prince Hassan's gift for characterization is matched by an extraordinary eye for detail. His descriptions of houses, palaces, and gardens many of them no longer in existence are at the same time precise and evocative. The book thus also makes an important contribution to the history of Cairene urban geography. But most valuable of all, perhaps, are the illustrations. Some seventy-five photographs, most of them never published before, have a poignancy that readily leads the viewer into the world they depict. The people in them are clearly defined, richly varied, and above all interesting. At least of equal value are the pictures of palaces, gardens, and riverfront that document aspects of Cairo that vanished long ago. The experience of reading this memoir is akin to discovering a lost generation.
While the Prophet was returning from his last pilgrimage to Medina, he received this revelation from Allah,at a place called Ghadir Khumm,commanding the Prophet to read it to the people. "O Prophet proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord, for if you do it not, you have not conveyed His message, and Allah will protect you from the (evil designs of) people," Surah Al Maida Chapter 5 V 67. Then the prophet told his People, the reason for this verse, is to Proclaim Ali as the Chaliphate after him. Immediately following the passing of the Prophet (SAW), his Sahabat, and his fathers in law, turned against Ali. The home of Fatima, daughter of the Prophet was burned down by the Sahabat, despite several narrations from the Prophet about Fatima, one of which is who ever upset Fatima, upset me and who ever upset me upset Allah. This book gives you summarized Ahadiths from Sunnis and Shias determining the Caliphate. It shows why the Caliphate belongs to Ali,and his descendants using Sunni Ahadiths to prove so. This book differentiates between the beliefs of the Shias and the Sunnis, and uses verses from the Holy Quran and from several Ahadith books.
This monograph contains a survey on the role of chirality in ecotoxicological processes. The focus is on environmental trace analysis. Areas such as toxicology, ecotoxicology, synthetic chemistry, biology, and physics are also covered in detail in order to explain the different properties of enantiomers in environmental samples. This monograph delivers a comprehensive survey for environmental trace analysts, analytical chemists, ecotoxicologists, food scientists and experienced lab workers.
This book brings out the world record of various predatory insects and their role in pestiferous insect management in a safer manner. The main focus of the book is to address the ecological and environmentally safe methods of managing pests of various crops. The utilization of various types of chemical pesticides for our crop protection and food production leads to environmental concerns and health hazards to plants and animals. This book mainly focuses on the distribution and diversity of various predatory insects in different crops. It also sellout the bionomics, biological control potential at a laboratory, controlled fields and natural conditions. Moreover, mass production technology and environmental safety aspects are also highlighted in various chapters. This book is of interest and useful to undergraduates, post-graduates, research scholars and doctoral candidates, extension workers, and agricultural professionals, and also a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers and students in the region.
Although Bahrain has had an established system of law courts since 1771, it was only in the course of the twentieth century that it gradually developed a fully-fledged legal system compatible with international norms. Today, like the other Gulf states, its sophisticated judiciary represents a blend of Islamic Shari'a, British common law, and modern reforms drawn principally from Egypt's civil law-influenced trdition. In recent decades, arbitration has also taken its place as an important adjunct to the judiciary.
This book argues that domestic Israeli politics have been a key factor in determining Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking in the period from 1988 to the present.
Continuing in the rich tradition of this popular handbook series, The Washington Manual® of Hematopathology provides concise, high-yield content that reflects today’s fast-changing advances in the field. Edited by Drs. Brooj Abro, John L. Frater, Louis P. Dehner, John D. Pfeifer, and Anjum Hassan, this all-new volume focuses on the essential information you need to know, using a concise format, along with numerous figures, tables, algorithms, and images throughout. In one convenient, portable resource, you’ll find complete coverage of hematopathology—both benign and malignant entities—all at your fingertips for quick review and reference.
This is an engrossing analysis of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Mahdī’s initiative to abandon the futile political violence and religious fanaticism of the 19th century historic Mahdiyya. It articulates his alternative constitutional strategy that has placed Neo-Mahdism in the centre stage of Sudanese politics.
Suicide bombing has become a weapon of choice among terrorist groups because of its lethality and ability to cause mayhem and fear. But who carries out these acts, and what motivates them? By undertaking analysis of the information in the most comprehensive suicide terrorism database in the world, Life as a Weapon seeks to question and in turn undermine the common perception that the psychopathology of suicide bombers and their religious beliefs are the principal causes. Instead, the book presents a cocktail of motivations that drive suicide bombers, and explains how their actions achieve multiple purposes – community approval, political success, liberation of the homeland, personal redemption or honour, refusal to accept subjugation, revenge, anxiety, defiance. Since the configuration of these driving factors is also specifically related to the circumstances of political conflict in each different country, it is only through gaining understanding and knowledge of these conditions that appropriate policies and responses can be developed that will protect the public and counter the scourge of suicide bombings. Life as a Weapon is a pivotal text in the discussion surrounding suicide bombings, and as such it is of relevance to undergraduate students, postgraduates, and researchers working in areas such as Security Studies, Middle Eastern Studies, Terrorism, Criminology and Political Science.
The book aims to dispel misconceptions surrounding Shia Islam, addressing common misunderstandings and doubts. It provides comprehensive answers to questions, offering a clearer perspective on Shia beliefs and practices.
The book gives an accurate representation about commonly held misconceptions with regards to women in Islam. The book cites actual sources that give an answer to those issues and does not use experiences of people who have suffered injustices in the name of the religion.
The book presents compelling evidence from the Qur'an and Sunnah to argue that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib deserved to be the first caliph of Islam. It meticulously examines verses from the Qur'an, such as the Verse of Purification (33:33) and the Verse of Mubahala (3:61), which highlight the elevated status of the Prophet's household, including Imam Ali. Additionally, it analyzes key hadiths, including the Hadith of Ghadir Khumm, where the Prophet Muhammad declared, "Whomsoever I am his Mawla, Ali is also his Mawla," and the Hadith of the Two Weighty Things, which emphasizes following the Qur'an and the Prophet's progeny. The book also discusses the Hadith of Position, likening Ali's relationship to Muhammad as Aaron's was to Moses, underscoring his rightful leadership. Through these religious texts, the book argues that Imam Ali's close relationship with the Prophet, his unparalleled knowledge, and his unwavering commitment to justice make a strong case for his precedence as the first caliph.
Drawing upon postcolonial, translation, and minority discourse theory, Immigrant Narratives investigates how key Arab American and Arab British writers have described their immigrant experiences, and in so doing acted as mediators and interpreters between cultures, and how they have forged new identities in their adopted countries.
This poetry, Widows’ Doomsday, is similar only to the eyes of a woman whom people left in Baghdad. The woman who kissed us hastily, saying, “don’t go there.” She begged us with eyes that nurtured her sadness and agony...failed to realize that the country, the country that grew in our hearts, which was once full of love, is stomping on the lover’s hearts with its seven thousand¬-year-old boots of agony. She did not believe, until this very moment, how the years of this tremendous love have turned into the years of tremendous killing, war, and destruction. The woman who kissed us hastily could not believe that this text had whipped our feelings with the whip of poetry for many years, and went through a lot of torture and terror.
Islamic Social Finance provides an introduction to the Waqf system, which has played a significant socio-economic role throughout the history of Islamic civilization. In a contemporary framework, Waqf creates new networks between micro-entrepreneurs, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs), and entrepreneurship through voluntary donations made by individuals in a society. In other contexts, Waqf supports the financial system and contributes to the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs).
This original book examines how investment theory and regulatory constraints are linked to the professional processes of portfolio investments, and how the principles of Islam as defined by sharia fit into these processes. It also explores the measures required to create and grow a global Islamic asset management industry.
This book discusses the adoption of learning management systems (LMS) in higher education institutions. It presents influential predictors that may impact instructors’ behavioral intention to adopt learning management systems in the context of Arab culture, as well as a unique model of technology acceptance that draws on and combines previous technology adoption models (i.e., a modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model – UTAUT2). Moreover, this study extends the UTAUT2 model by including Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensions, and technology awareness as the moderators of the model. It also describes the explanatory technique approach used to collect quantitative data from the instructors at higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia and were analyzed with structural equation modeling using SPSS/Amos software. The findings revealed that facilitating conditions were the strongest predictor of behavioral intention to adopt an LMS, followed by performance expectancy and hedonic motivation, technology awareness, and cultural dimensions exerted a moderating influence on instructors’ behavioral intention to use LMS in their teaching. By including new constructs, this becomes the first study of its kind exploring instructors’ use of LMS in Higher Educational Institutions of Saudi Arabia and other countries of the Middle East. It offers practical insights for a broad range of researchers and professionals at higher education institutions and serves as a reference guide for designers of learning management systems (e.g., blackboard systems), policymakers, and the Ministry of Education staff.
Ullah, Chin, and Hassan provide a comprehensive examination of the transformative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Southeast Asia, examining its effects on the region’s economy, social dynamics, mobility patterns and religious practices. The book examines the profound changes and challenges that the region faced, offering insights into both the immediate responses and the long-term adjustments in these key aspects of Southeast Asian life. An in-depth analysis with a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the region’s postpandemic landscape offers informed insights into the diverse challenges and opportunities facing Southeast Asia in a rapidly changing world. This book is an essential reading for academics, researchers and policymakers seeking to gain a nuanced understanding of Southeast Asia’s response to the pandemic COVID-19.
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