Gravity - Galileo to Einstein and Back starts with a revision of the fundamentals of the theory of dynamics and gravitation. The primary object is to present a relativistic theory of gravitation, which is an extension of the Special Theory of Relativity. The new approach to gravitomagnetics reproduces results which are identical, for the precession of the perihelion of Mercury and for the deflection of light grazing the Sun, to those given by the general theory of relativity. Both of these were hailed as justifications of the general theory. When the new theory is applied to the precession of a gyroscope in space, there is a small difference from the value quoted to that given for the NASA/Stanford Gravity Probe B experiment, which has just been completed. The results are due in Spring 2007. In order to explain the new approach, it is necessary to re-examine Newtonian dynamics and special relativity. Certain aspects are better seen if force is treated as a defined quantity rather than a primary one. This idea is not new; it was the view of d'Alembert and especially H. R. Hertz. One result is that the principle of equivalence, in its weak form, does not arise, yet this is stated to be one of the foundations of general relativity. Curved space time may be regarded as just another invention to replace the invention of force. Neither are needed but are very useful concepts, as is money to commerce. Newtonian gravity gives rise to a relative acceleration which is related to the relative position between two bodies, in the new gravitomagnetic theory relative acceleration depends also on relative velocity. This removes the need for an inertial frame of reference however the frames must be non-rotating. This is defined by postulating that light, in the absence of matter, travels in straight lines as well as at a constant speed. What follows is reasonably simple mathematics; certainly simpler than that of curved space time.
Much of what humans know we cannot say. And much of what we do we cannot describe. For example, how do we know how to ride a bike when we can’t explain how we do it? Abilities like this were called “tacit knowledge” by physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi, but here Harry Collins analyzes the term, and the behavior, in much greater detail, often departing from Polanyi’s treatment. In Tacit and Explicit Knowledge, Collins develops a common conceptual language to bridge the concept’s disparate domains by explaining explicit knowledge and classifying tacit knowledge. Collins then teases apart the three very different meanings, which, until now, all fell under the umbrella of Polanyi’s term: relational tacit knowledge (things we could describe in principle if someone put effort into describing them), somatic tacit knowledge (things our bodies can do but we cannot describe how, like balancing on a bike), and collective tacit knowledge (knowledge we draw that is the property of society, such as the rules for language). Thus, bicycle riding consists of some somatic tacit knowledge and some collective tacit knowledge, such as the knowledge that allows us to navigate in traffic. The intermixing of the three kinds of tacit knowledge has led to confusion in the past; Collins’s book will at last unravel the complexities of the idea. Tacit knowledge drives everything from language, science, education, and management to sport, bicycle riding, art, and our interaction with technology. In Collins’s able hands, it also functions at last as a framework for understanding human behavior in a range of disciplines.
A timely reference guide to the Labour Party which brings together the essential facts and figures about the Party since its foundation through to the 'New Labour' of the 1990's. It is the essential reference book for anyone wanting reliable information on the Labour Party.
This issue of Dental Clinics, edited by Harry Dym, focuses on Implant Procedures for the General Dentist. Articles will include: Basic principles of implant surgery, Maxillary sinus augmentation techniques, Surgical techniques for augmentation in the horizontally and vertically compromised alveolus, Autologous bone harvest sites, Bone morphogenic protein and its application to implant dentistry, Soft tissue augmentation for implant surgery, Immediate placement and immediate loading: Surgical technique and clinical pearls, Treatment of peri-implantitis and the failing implant, Implant related nerve injury, All on four techniques, CT-guided implant surgery, Short implants: Are they a viable option in implant dentistry?, Treatment planning for implant surgery, Surface material, implant design and osseointegration, Tissue response to implants, and more!
According to the theory of relativity, we are constantly bathed in gravitational radiation. When stars explode or collide, a portion of their mass becomes energy that disturbs the very fabric of the space-time continuum like ripples in a pond. But proving the existence of these waves has been difficult; the cosmic shudders are so weak that only the most sensitive instruments can be expected to observe them directly. Fifteen times during the last thirty years scientists have claimed to have detected gravitational waves, but so far none of those claims have survived the scrutiny of the scientific community. Gravity's Shadow chronicles the forty-year effort to detect gravitational waves, while exploring the meaning of scientific knowledge and the nature of expertise. Gravitational wave detection involves recording the collisions, explosions, and trembling of stars and black holes by evaluating the smallest changes ever measured. Because gravitational waves are so faint, their detection will come not in an exuberant moment of discovery but through a chain of inference; for forty years, scientists have debated whether there is anything to detect and whether it has yet been detected. Sociologist Harry Collins has been tracking the progress of this research since 1972, interviewing key scientists and delineating the social process of the science of gravitational waves. Engagingly written and authoritatively comprehensive, Gravity's Shadow explores the people, institutions, and government organizations involved in the detection of gravitational waves. This sociological history will prove essential not only to sociologists and historians of science but to scientists themselves.
The definitive Harry Harrison bibliography, with lengthy annotations and a special bonus--the Harrison story written for Harlan Ellison's unpublished "Last Dangerous Visions" anthology.
What can humans do? What can machines do? How do humans delegate actions to machines? In this book, Harry Collins and Martin Kusch combine insights from sociology and philosophy to provide a novel answer to these increasingly important questions.The authors begin by distinguishing between two basic types of intentional behavior, which they call polimorphic actions and mimeomorphic actions. Polimorphic actions (such as writing a love letter) are ones that community members expect to vary with social context. Mimeomorphic actions (such a swinging a golf club) do not vary. Although machines cannot act, they can mimic mimeomorphic actions. Mimeomorphic actions are thus the crucial link between what humans can do and what machines can do. Following a presentation of their detailed categorization of actions, the authors apply their approach to a broad range of human-machine interactions and to learning. Key examples include bicycle riding and the many varieties of writing machines. They also show how their theory can be used to explain the operation of organizations such as restaurants and armies. Finally, they look at a historical case—the technological development of the air pump—applying their categorization of actions to the processes of mechanization and automation. Automation, they argue, can occur only where what we want to bring about can be brought about through mimeomorphic action.
Noted Maryland genealogist Harry Wright Newman here presents the family histories of six Charles County, Maryland pioneers: Thomas Dent, John Dent, Richard Edelen, John Hanson, George Newman, and Humphrey Warren. All were from distinguished armorial families in England prior to settling in Charles County in the 17th century. Newman traces each family as far as possible--in some cases into the 20th century--and indicates if and when the family left the area. Well documented, with an index to 2,000 persons.
Insect Pathology, 2nd ed. Fernando E. Vega and Harry K. Kaya, Editors Foreword May Berenbaum Chapter 1. Scope and Basic Principles of Insect Pathology Harry K. Kaya and Fernando E. Vega Chapter 2 - History of Insect Pathology Elizabeth W. Davidson Chapter 3 - Principles of Epizootiology and Microbial Control David I. Shapiro-Ilan, Denny Bruck, and Lawrence A. Lacey Chapter 4 - Baculoviruses and Other Occluded Insect Viruses Robert Harrison and Kelli Hoover Chapter 5 - RNA Viruses Infecting Pest Insects Yan Ping Chen, James J. Becnel, and Steven M. Valles Chapter 6 - Fungal Entomopathogens Fernando E. Vega, Nicolai V. Meyling, Janet Jennifer Luangsa-ard, and Meredith Blackwell Chapter 7 - Microsporidian Entomopathogens Leellen F. Solter, James J. Becnel, and David H. Oi Chapter 8 - Bacterial Entomopathogens Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes and Trevor Jackson Chapter 9 - Wolbachia Infections in Arthropod Hosts Grant Hughes and Jason L. Rasgon Chapter 10 - Protistan Entomopathogens Carlos E. Lange ...
Viral Gastroenteritis: Molecular Epidemiology and Pathogenesis provides a comprehensive review of research on viruses causing acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, including coverage of rotaviruses, human caliciviruses, astroviruses, enteric adenoviruses, and viruses causing gastroenteritis more rarely. Includes general chapters on gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology, gastrointestinal immune mechanisms, immunodeficiencies and host genetics influencing susceptibility to viral gastroenteritis, and therapeutic and preventative approaches. The book also includes special sections on virus particle structures, replication cycles, pathogenesis, immunology, epidemiology, and preventative measures. This book covers both basic science and translational applications and is an appropriate resource for virologists, molecular biologists, epidemiologists, gastroenterologists, vaccinologists, and those with an interest in public health. - Features new approaches in diagnosis and characterization of viral gastroenteritis pathogens - Includes coverage of therapeutic and preventative methods - Covers recent advances in characterizing the molecular biology and immune responses of rotaviruses and noroviruses - Covers both basic science and translational applications and is an appropriate resource for virologists, molecular biologists, epidemiologists, gastroenterologists, vaccinologists, and those with an interest in public health
A concise, accessible, and engaging guide for students and practitioners of sociology. In Forms of Life, Harry Collins offers an introduction to social science methodology, drawing on his forty-plus years of conducting high-profile sociological research. In this concise, accessible, and engaging book, Collins explains not only how to do sociology (the method) but also how to think about sociology (the meaning). For example, he describes the three activities that are the foundations of sociological method (immersing oneself in a society; estranging oneself from that society; and explaining what has been discovered to those who have not been immersed) and goes on to consider broader questions of the meaning of science in relation to social science and the scientific authority of “subjective” methods. He explains that sociology is the study of social collectivities (often overlapping, subdividable, and embedded), and cites Wittgenstein's notion of “forms of life” in his definition of collectivity. Collins covers such methodological topics as participant comprehension; interview-based fieldwork (“expect plans to fail”); interactional expertise; alternation and methodological relativism; tangible and inferential experiments; tribalism and emotional loyalty; and how to communicate your findings. Finally, he offers recommendations for “saving the science of sociology,” considering, among other things, sociology's identity as a discipline and the perils of both “groupism” and being too afraid of it. Appendixes offer a code of conduct for interviews; a list of his relevant publications; and an account, in Q&A form, of a disastrous day in the life of a sociologist doing fieldwork.
Social work has laboured too long under a 'deficit' model that focuses on failings and problems of practice. Emphasising best practice, strengths and collaborative partnership this ambitious book seeks to redress the balance. Undergraduate and post-qualifying social work students alike will find it a useful resource.
Rothman-Simeone The Spine helps you achieve optimal outcomes in the clinical practice of spine surgery in adults and children. Drs. Harry N. Herkowitz, Steven R. Garfin, Frank J. Eismont, Gordon R. Bell, Richard Balderston, and an internationally diverse group of authorities help you keep up with the fast-paced field and get the best results from state-of-the-art treatments and surgical techniques, such as spinal arthroplasty and the latest spinal implants and equipment. An all-new full-color design and surgical videos online at www.expertconsult.com make this classic text more invaluable than ever before. Get the best results from the full range of both surgical and non-surgical treatment approaches with guidance from the world’s most trusted authorities in orthopaedic spine surgery. Find important information quickly through pearls, pitfalls, and key points that highlight critical points. Watch experts perform key techniques in real time with videos, on DVD and online, demonstrating minimally invasive surgery: SED procedure; thorascopic techniques; lumbar discectomy; pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO); C1, C2 fusion; intradural tumor; cervical laminoforaminoty; and much more. Apply the newest developments in the field thanks to expert advice on minimally invasive surgery, spinal arthroplasty and the latest spinal implants and equipments. See procedures clearly through an all new full-color design with 2300 color photographs and illustrations placed in context. Access the fully searchable contents of text online at www.expertconsult.com.
This book forms a comprehensive bibliography of the works of W. R. Bion, and the other works that made some bearing of his life and thought. It discusses Bion's contribution to various disciplines beyond the psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic.
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