Identity has for long been an important concept in philosophy and logic. Plato in his Sophist puts same among those fonns which "run through" all others. The scholastics inherited the idea (and the tenninology), classifying same as one of the "transcendentals", i.e. as running through all the categories. The work of Locke and l.eibniz made the concept a problematic one. But it is rather recently, i.e. since the importance of Frege has been generally recognized, that there has been a keen interest in the notion, fonnulated by him, of a criterion of identity. This, at first sight harmless as well as useful, has proved to be like a charge of dynamite. The seed had indeed been sown long ago, by Euclid. In Book V of his Elements he first gives a useless defmition of a ratio: "A ratio is a sort of relation between two magnitudes in respect of muchness". But then, in definition 5 he answers, not the question "What is a ratio?" but rather ''What is it for magnitudes to be in the same ratio?" and this is the definition that does the work.
Who am I? What is a person? What does it take for a person to persist from one time to another? What is the relation between the mind and the body? These are just some of the questions that constitute the problem of personal identity, one of the oldest and most fundamental of philosophical questions. Personal Identity, Third Edition is a clear and comprehensive introduction to these questions and more. Harold Noonan places the problem of personal identity in the context of more general puzzles about identity, discussing the major historical theories and more recent debates. The book also includes essential historical and philosophical background to the problem of personal identity as found in the arguments of Locke, Reid and Hume among others. The third edition of Personal Identity has been thoroughly reviewed in light of advances in the latest literature and research. This includes significant revision to the important problems of the simple and complex distinction and its relation to reductionism; temporal parts; and the distinction between perdurance and endurance theorists. Noonan also includes an up to date examination of personal identity and memory and personal identity and animalism, particularly the work of Shoemaker, Parfit, Olson and hybrid theorists. Including helpful chapter summaries and annotated further reading at the end of each chapter, Personal Identity, Third Edition is essential reading for all students of philosophy of mind and metaphysics, as well as students interested in ethics.
The Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science provides an outstanding resource in 33 published volumes with 2 helpful indexes. This thorough reference set--written by 1300 eminent, international experts--offers librarians, information/computer scientists, bibliographers, documentalists, systems analysts, and students, convenient access to the techniques and tools of both library and information science. Impeccably researched, cross referenced, alphabetized by subject, and generously illustrated, the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science integrates the essential theoretical and practical information accumulating in this rapidly growing field.
Framed in Article II of the Constitution, presidential powers are dictated today by judicial as well as historical precedent. To understand the ways the president wields power as well as how this power is kept in check by other branches of government, Harold J. Krent presents three overlapping determinants of the president's role under the Constitution-the need for presidential initiative in administering the law and providing foreign policy leadership, the importance of maintaining congressional control over policymaking, and the imperative to ensure that the president be accountable to the public. Krent’s examination is sweeping, ranging from the president's ability to appoint and remove executive branch officials, to the president's role in proposing and implementing treaties and the power to conduct war, to the extent the president can refuse to turn over information in response to congressional and judicial requests. Finally, Krent addresses the history and purposes of presidential pardons. By drawing on historic and contemporary presidential actions to illustrate his points, Krent reminds us that the president is both an exalted leader with the regalia of power and an American who is and should be accountable to fellow citizens-important considerations as we elect and assess our presidents.
Harold Berman's masterwork narrates the interaction of evolution and revolution in the development of Western law. This new volume explores two successive transformations of the Western legal tradition under the impact of the sixteenth-century German Reformation and the seventeenth-century English Revolution, with particular emphasis on Lutheran and Calvinist influences. Berman examines the far-reaching consequences of these apocalyptic political and social upheavals on the systems of legal philosophy, legal science, criminal law, civil and economic law, and social law in Germany and England and throughout Europe as a whole. Berman challenges both conventional approaches to legal history, which have neglected the religious foundations of Western legal systems, and standard social theory, which has paid insufficient attention to the communitarian dimensions of early modern economic law, including corporation law and social welfare. Clearly written and cogently argued, this long-awaited, magisterial work is a major contribution to an understanding of the relationship of law to Western belief systems.
There is still no clear understanding of what causes the great majority of human congenital malformations. And since in most sorts of human disease and pathology that yet prevail prevention usually awaits understanding of cause, it is generally thought that the same is true of developmental aberrations. But is this true? For the relatively few congenital malformations whose causes are primarily environmental, it is plain that their discovery has enabled prevention, but not nec essarily immediately. It took a generation from the time of the discovery that maternal rubella was teratogenic to learn how to immunize against it. Much debate occurred before it was appreciated that thalidomide was a teratogen, and only its removal from the pharmacist's shelf and the end of the epidemic of limb defects attributed to the drug overcame the last doubts. For other proven environmental teratogens doubts and difficulties still con tinue. The claimed prevalence of fetal genital distortions due to female sex hor mones may have been exaggerated. Some potentially teratogenic therapeutic drugs, like anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and anticancer chemicals, are still pre scribed despite this danger because of their benefits to pregnant women. For those congenital malformations whose basis is predominantly genetic or chromosomal it is different, however. Prevention has not been achieved by the discovery of such causes, as dramatic and revolutionary as some of them have been, except in the questionable sense of interference with reproduction by genetic coun seling or prenatal elimination. But this has not inhibited the romanticists.
The Supreme Court Compendium provides historical and statistical information on the Supreme Court: its institutional development; caseload; decision trends; the background, nomination, and voting behavior of its justices; its relationship with public, governmental, and other judicial bodies; and its impact. With over 180 tables and figures, this new edition is intended to capture the full retrospective picture through the 2013-2014 term of the Roberts Court and the momentous decisions handed down within the last four years, including United States v. Windsor, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, and Shelby County v. Holder.
A wise and entertaining guide to writing English the proper way by one of the greatest newspaper editors of our time. Harry Evans has edited everything from the urgent files of battlefield reporters to the complex thought processes of Henry Kissinger. He's even been knighted for his services to journalism. In Do I Make Myself Clear?, he brings his indispensable insight to us all in his definite guide to writing well. The right words are oxygen to our ideas, but the digital era, with all of its TTYL, LMK, and WTF, has been cutting off that oxygen flow. The compulsion to be precise has vanished from our culture, and in writing of every kind we see a trend towards more -- more speed and more information but far less clarity. Evans provides practical examples of how editing and rewriting can make for better communication, even in the digital age. Do I Make Myself Clear? is an essential text, and one that will provide every writer an editor at his shoulder.
The roots of modern Western legal institutions and concepts go back nine centuries to the Papal Revolution, when the Western church established its political and legal unity and its independence from emperors, kings, and feudal lords. Out of this upheaval came the Western idea of integrated legal systems consciously developed over generations and centuries. Harold J. Berman describes the main features of these systems of law, including the canon law of the church, the royal law of the major kingdoms, the urban law of the newly emerging cities, feudal law, manorial law, and mercantile law. In the coexistence and competition of these systems he finds an important source of the Western belief in the supremacy of law. Written simply and dramatically, carrying a wealth of detail for the scholar but also a fascinating story for the layman, the book grapples with wide-ranging questions of our heritage and our future. One of its main themes is the interaction between the Western belief in legal evolution and the periodic outbreak of apocalyptic revolutionary upheavals. Berman challenges conventional nationalist approaches to legal history, which have neglected the common foundations of all Western legal systems. He also questions conventional social theory, which has paid insufficient attention to the origin of modern Western legal systems and has therefore misjudged the nature of the crisis of the legal tradition in the twentieth century.
Entertainment Law and Business is a handy resource for both the experienced and novice practitioner. It provides a broad survey of the entire industry and creative rights laws. It includes incisive summaries of all of the important areas of creative rights law: copyrights, the protection of ideas, trademark, publicity and privacy, and the major international treaties. It also provides an overview of all the major fields of entertainment (and related fields of interest for entertainment practitioners) along with illustrative agreements. This is not an esoteric academic treatise. The book aims to aid the practitioner in the practical aspects of entertainment. Hence, the authors have attempted to highlight the key features of the major agreements in each field. They provide insights not only into what the individual provisions of the agreement attempts to regulate, but also the concerns that lie behind those provisions. They point to the types of negotiating strategies important in each agreement, passing on their experience to the practitioner. All of the accompanying sample forms and documents are conveniently included on CD-ROM in RTF (Rich Text Format). RTF allows the user to open each sample clause for use/editing in either Microsoft Word or Corel Wordperfect.
Imagine if you were given the chance to step into a machine and journey through the barriers of time toward any moment in the past. Where would you go? What would you want to find out? After a lifetime of apprenticing under a professor and father figure whose theories made building such a device possible, Ben Stone was suddenly presented with the opportunity. His choice was one that many would make - to travel back to the crucifixion of Jesus and finding himself sealed in the tomb. What he experiences is not at all what he expected. This is just the beginning of his adventures! Join Ben as he leaps through time to discover some of life’s biggest mysteries.
This book not only examines friendgrief from a theoretical and clinical framework, but also Smith offers fascinating vignettes from the lives of well-known friendgrievers such as Elton John, Diane Sawyer, Ralph Abernathy, C. S. Lewis, Harry Truman, Tommy Lasorda, Jimmy Carter, Fritz Mondale, Bill Clinton, Calvin Trillin, and Alan King. The author includes moving narratives of numerous individuals who have never gained notoriety but have become seasoned friendgrievers.
An award-winning presidential historian offers an authoritative account of American presidents' attacks on our freedom of the press—including a new foreword chronicling the end of the Trump presidency. “The FAKE NEWS media,” Donald Trump has tweeted, “is not my enemy, it is the enemy of the American People!” Has our free press ever faced as great a threat? Perhaps not—but the tension between presidents and journalists is as old as the republic itself. Every president has been convinced of his own honesty and transparency; every reporter who has covered the White House beat has believed with equal fervency that his or her journalistic rigor protects the country from danger. Our first president, George Washington, was also the first to grouse about his treatment in the newspapers, although he kept his complaints private. Subsequent chiefs like John Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, and Barack Obama were not so reticent, going so far as to wield executive power to overturn press freedoms, and even to prosecute journalists. Theodore Roosevelt was the first president to actively manage the stable of reporters who followed him, doling out information, steering coverage, and squashing stories that interfered with his agenda. It was a strategy that galvanized TR’s public support, but the lesson was lost on Woodrow Wilson, who never accepted reporters into his inner circle. Franklin Roosevelt transformed media relations forever, holding more than a thousand presidential press conferences and harnessing the new power of radio, at times bypassing the press altogether. John F. Kennedy excelled on television and charmed reporters to hide his personal life, while Richard Nixon was the first to cast the press as a public enemy. From the days of newsprint and pamphlets to the rise of Facebook and Twitter, each president has harnessed the media, whether intentional or not, to imprint his own character on the office. In this remarkable new history, acclaimed scholar Harold Holzer examines the dual rise of the American presidency and the media that shaped it. From Washington to Trump, he chronicles the disputes and distrust between these core institutions that define the United States of America, revealing that the essence of their confrontation is built into the fabric of the nation.
What effect does religion have on physical and mental health? In answering this question, this book reviews and discusses research on the relationship between religion and a variety of mental and physical health outcomes, including depression and anxiety; heart disease, stroke, and cancer; and health related behaviors such as smoking and substance abuse. The authors examine the positive and negative effects of religion on health throughout the life span, from childhood to old age. Based on their findings, they build theoretical models illustrating the behavioral, psychological, social, and physiological pathways through which religion may influence health. The authors also review research on the impact of religious affiliation, belief, and practice on the use of health services and compliance with medical treatment. In conclusion, they discuss the clinical relevance of their findings and make recommendations for future research priorities. Offering the first comprehensive examination of its topic, this volume is an indispensable resource for research scientists, health professionals, public policy makers, and anyone interested in the relationship between religion and health.
A groundbreaking look at how technology with a human touch is revolutionizing government and industry Human Systems Integration (HSI) is very attractive as a new integrating discipline designed to help move business and engineering cultures toward a more people-technology orientation. Over the past decade, the United States and foreign governments have developed a wide range of tools, techniques, and technologies aimed at integrating human factors into engineering systems in order to achieve important cost and performance benefits that otherwise would not have been accomplished. In order for this new discipline to be effective, however, a cultural change is needed that must start with organizational leadership. Handbook of Human Systems Integration outlines the principles and methods that can be used to help integrate people, technology, and organizations with a common objective toward designing, developing, and operating systems effectively and efficiently. Handbook of Human Systems Integration is broad in scope, covering both public and commercial processes as they interface with systems engineering processes. Emphasizing the importance of management and organization concepts as well as the technical uniqueness of HSI, Handbook of Human Systems Integration features: * More than ninety contributors, technical advisors, and reviewers from government, industry, and academia * Comprehensive coverage of the most recent HSI developments, particularly in presenting the cutting-edge tools, techniques, and methodologies utilized by each of the HSI domains * Chapters representing the governments and industries of the United Kingdom and Canada * Contributions from three services of the Department of Defense along with the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Academy of Sciences * Many chapters covering both military and nonmilitary applications * Concepts widely used by government contractors both in the United States and abroad This book will be of special interest to HSI practitioners, systems engineers, and managers, as well as government and industry decision-makers who must weigh the recommendations of all multidisciplines contributing to systems performance, safety, and costs in order to make sound systems acquisition decisions.
This monograph is the first to develop a mathematical theory of gravitational lensing. The theory applies to any finite number of deflector planes and highlights the distinctions between single and multiple plane lensing. Introductory material in Parts I and II present historical highlights and the astrophysical aspects of the subject. Part III employs the ideas and results of singularity theory to put gravitational lensing on a rigorous mathematical foundation.
Written by nationally recognized insurance law practitioners and academics, Insurance Practices and Coverage in Liability Defense, Second Edition (formerly titled Defending the Insured) provides the first comprehensive and objective analysis of the various duties and potential pitfalls confronting each party in the three-way relationship between insurance carrier, insured, and the appointed counsel in insurance defense. Each chapter provides a detailed discussion of topics engendered by the duty to defend and the consequent obligations of each of the parties. Reference tables and appendices then survey the law in each state on those topics. The result is a book that provides both a national study and state-specific analysis, allowing practitioners, courts and researchers the ability to see the big picture as well as to focus on and compare how states actually deal with the particular issue. Topics covered include: The use of staff counsel Billing guidelines Audits of attorneysand’ fees Reservations of rights Communication privileges and issues, and cooperation duties Conflicts of interest, control of the defense including independent counsel Allocation of defense costs between insurer and insured Allocation of indemnity expense between insurer and insured Allocation and determination of deductibles and SIRs Coverage allocation in multi-year, continuing loss cases, including horizontal and vertical exhaustion, stacking, and and“all sumsand” Application and features of judicial remedies of declaratory relief and intervention Insurance Practices and Coverage in Liability Defense, Second Edition is the book that combines practice and theory, that serves both the insurer and insured, the national practitioner and the local counsel, and informs courts where concurrence and divergence exist on the sometimes thorny, interrelated issues.
PATRICK OLDENKAMP became an archaeologist for one reason and one reason only: to find his grandfather's two thousand year-old grave in the Majenica Indian burial ground on a hilltop north of Cambridge City, Indiana. The afternoon discovery of the skeleton wearing a pair of black plastic rimmed glasses confirms that CAREY OLDENKAMP succeeded in his attempt to go back in time. Standing in front of the hollow base of a massive sycamore, the time portal, and to the flicker of a bonfire, Patrick tells his archaeological team his grandfather's spiritual, romantic, time-travel tale of Where The Birds Go When It Rains. Eleven years before the discovery: Carey Oldenkamp calculates he has just two hours before his death. The prospect thrills him. The east wind bears down on him as it returns to claim his soul. He has spent over sixty years believing the first journey was a dream of a grieving brother desperate for a sign from his deceased sister, but the contents of his wife's cherished wooden box prove otherwise. Carey is The Messenger who has failed to carry out his assignment to deliver proof of Christ's birth to the modern world... a messenger who has denounced the very existence of God! Fate gives him only two hours to deliver the divine meaning of the sacred circle Indian mounds, or the message will be lost for eternity, entering the grave with him. This novel is based on the 1968 excavation of the Bertsch sacred circle mound near Cambridge City, Indiana. A new archaeological theory is introduced. If you have ever lost a loved one, may you find comfort through the journey of Where The Birds Go When It Rains.
The roots of modern Western legal institutions and concepts go back nine centuries to the Papal Revolution, when the Western church established its political and legal unity and its independence from emperors, kings, and feudal lords. Out of this upheaval came the Western idea of integrated legal systems consciously developed over generations and centuries. Harold J. Berman describes the main features of these systems of law, including the canon law of the church, the royal law of the major kingdoms, the urban law of the newly emerging cities, feudal law, manorial law, and mercantile law. In the coexistence and competition of these systems he finds an important source of the Western belief in the supremacy of law. Written simply and dramatically, carrying a wealth of detail for the scholar but also a fascinating story for the layman, the book grapples with wideranging questions of our heritage and our future. One of its main themes is the interaction between the Western belief in legal evolution and the periodic outbreak of apocalyptic revolutionary upheavals. Berman challenges conventional nationalist approaches to legal history, which have neglected the common foundations of all Western legal systems. He also questions conventional social theory, which has paid insufficient attention to the origin of modem Western legal systems and has therefore misjudged the nature of the crisis of the legal tradition in the twentieth century.
This book argues that despite the tensions existing in all societies between religious faith and legal order, they inevitably interact. In the course of his discussion Berman traces the history of Western law, exposes the fallacies of law theories that fail to take religion into account, examines key theological, prophetic, and educational themes, and looks at the role of religion in the Soviet and post-Soviet state.
Entertainment Law and Business is a handy resource for both the experienced and novice practitioner. It provides a broad survey of the entire industry and creative rights laws. It includes incisive summaries of all of the important areas of creative rights law: copyrights, the protection of ideas, trademark, publicity and privacy, and the major international treaties. It also provides an overview of all the major fields of entertainment (and related field of interest for entertainment practitioners) along with illustrative agreements. This is not an esoteric academic treatise. The book aims to aid the practitioner in the practical aspects of entertainment. Hence, the authors have attempted to highlight the key features of the major agreements in each field. They provide insights not only into what the individual provisions of the agreement attempts to regulate, but also the concerns that lie behind those provisions. They point to the types of negotiating strategies important in each agreement, passing on their experience to the practitioner. All of the accompanying sample forms and documents are conveniently included on CD-ROM in RTF (Rich Text Format). RTF allows the user to open each sample clause for use/editing in either Microsoft Word or Corel Wordperfect. Value Package
“A wonderfully personal account of the thoughts behind a lifelong focus on the reputation of corporations around the world. Candid and straightforward.”—Huffington Post Harold Burson, described by PRWeek as “the [20th] century’s most influential PR figure,” is perhaps the most recognized name in the industry today. The founder of PR giant Burson-Marsteller had an incredible 70-year career, in which he built a global enterprise from a one-man consulting firm. In this illuminating and engaging business memoir, Burson traces his career from studying at Ole Miss to serving in World War II, reporting on the Nuremburg trials, and joining with Bill Marsteller. Together, he and Marsteller made history in a new venture that would grow to be one of the biggest public relations companies in the world, with over 60 offices on six continents. By way of personal and professional examples, Burson shows readers what public relations really entails—its challenges, methodologies, and impacts. His anecdotes on PR challenges like the “Tylenol crisis,” the removal of confederate flags from Ole Miss, and the introduction of “New Coke” illustrate Burson’s time-tested tenets of great PR and crisis management. He interweaves iconic moments from the history of public relations into his story, making this “a must-read for any PR professional” (Jack Welch, executive chairman, Jack Welch Management Institute). “Every detail of Harold’s professional life is brought alive through an interesting narrative of the highs and lows . . . There is loads of inspiration hidden in every page for everyone. Be it a reader with no interest in Public Relations or a veteran who wants to understand more about the profession.”—Reputation Today
A comprehensive review of U.S. Intelligence. The result of a 12 month study; testimony was taken from 84 witnesses and an additional 200 people were interviewed. Covers: the role of intelligence; the need for policy guidelines; the need for a coordinated response to global crime; the CIA; improving intelligence analysis; military intelligence; space reconnaissance and the management of technical collection; international cooperation; cost of intelligence; accountability and oversight, and more. Evolution of the U.S. intelligence community, an historical overview.
I Remember Laurier is the story—actually, thirty-seven stories—of the little university that could, told by some of those who devoted themselves to transforming the school from its modest beginnings into a superb small liberal arts college, and in turn to the university whose growth, diversification, research, and partnerships characterize it today. Although the stories are diverse in content, viewpoint, and tone, readers will note a number of unifying themes, one being nostalgia for a small university where faculty, staff, and students were close and new initiatives were readily approved and easily implemented. Here too are reflections, sometimes bemused and sprinkled with humour, on professors, administrators, and students, the “Laurier Experience,” and significant events such as “WLU” becoming “WLU” (Waterloo Lutheran University was renamed Wilfrid Laurier University in 1973). Evident throughout is the pride of the contributors in the development of the university to its current status and in having played a role. In the photo album at the back of the book readers will find vintage prints of the authors and of many others mentioned in the book. More photos will soon be available on the website of the Wilfrid Laurier Retirees’ Association: http://www.wlu.ca/retirees.
(Applause Books). For six decades, Harold Clurman illuminated our artistic, social, and political awareness in thousands of reviews, essays, and lectures. His work appeared indefatigably in The Nation, The New Republic, The London Observer, The New York Times, Harper's, Esquire, New York Magazine , and more. The Collected Works of Harold Clurman captures over six hundred of Clurman's encounters with the most significant events in American theatre as well as his regular passionate embraces of dance, music, art and film. This chronological epic offers the most comprehensive view of American theatre seen through the eyes of our most extraordinary critic. 1102 pages, hardcover.
To aid in unraveling the complexities of the causation of congenital malformations, various influences on their frequency are considered in this book. And of course the known and possible environmental bases of their occurrence are fully described. An introductory record of the history of perinatal mortality in the last three centuries gives foundation for the discussion of death in contemporary decades.
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