This paper has benefited by four detailed case studies2 conducted in the Indrawati river basin by IWMI/Nepal and Water and Energy Commission Secretariat/Nepal (WECS/Nepal). It documents the major concerns in relation to Melamchi project on the Indrawati basin community,and illustrates the preliminary assessment of major project impacts in the basin. This paper particularly concentrates on, the likely impacts of the water diversion project on the economic and social fronts and local water use decisions, and also on the local environment. The major findings of the study in the Indrawati basin are summarized below.
Yangsila: Love across the Himalayas is a fiction that picks up a historical event from a medieval setting and renders it new, tuning it up with contemporary socio-cultural issues in Nepal. The protagonist Panchashar is modeled after medieval Nepali sculptor Arniko, who had been invited by the Chinese Emperor Kublai Khan to build pagodas and stupas in his kingdom. The novel beautifully depicts socio-cultural, including marital relations, dependency and migration among people of eastern Nepali hills with people in China, basically Tibet. It also makes a passing note on the gradual loss of unity and cultural sovereignty of the Kirats living in the eastern hills of Nepal, and the possible danger of external cultural intervention thereof. By giving the novel a positive resolution, the author suggests an amicable solution to the cultural crisis through familial understanding and closer interactions, despite cultural and geographical differences among the people on the two sides of the Himalayas. The novel also gives an allegorical rendering to the latest crisis and uncertainty in the history of Nepal, and its symbolic negation by creative people through an escape into a mythical, imaginary and bucolic setting.
Due to increasing problems occurring from massive applications of pesticides, such as insect resistance to pesticides, the use of biotechnological tools to minimize losses from insect pests has become inevitable. Presenting alternative strategies for alleviating biotic stresses, Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustain
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