Historical linguistic theory and practice consist of a large number of chronological "layers" that have been accepted in the course of time and have acquired a permanence of their own. These range from neogrammarian conceptualizations of sound change, analogy, and borrowing, to prosodic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic change, and to present-day views on rule change and the effects of language contact. To get a full grasp of the principles of historical linguistics it is therefore necessary to understand the nature of each of these "layers". This book is a major revision and reorganization of the earlier editions and adds entirely new chapters on morphological change and lexical change, as well as a detailed discussion of linguistic palaeontology and ideological responses to the findings of historical linguistics to this landmark publication.
It is so good, after so many years of public indifference, even hostility towards Vincent and his work, to feel towards the end of my life that the battle is won.' JO VAN GOGH-BONGER TO GUSTAVE COQUIOT, 1922 'It is a sacrifice for the sake of Vincent's glory.' JO VAN GOGH-BONGER ON THE SALE OF 'THE SUNFLOWERS' TO THE NATIONAL GALLERY, UK, 1924 Little known but no less influential, Jo van Gogh-Bonger was sister-in-law of Vincent van Gogh, wife of his brother, Theo. When the brothers died soon after each other, she took charge of Van Gogh's artistic legacy and devoted the rest of her life to disseminating his work. Despite being widowed with a young son, Jo successfully navigated the male-dominated world of the art market-publishing Van Gogh's letters, organizing exhibitions in the Netherlands and throughout the world, and making strategic sales to private individuals and influential dealers-ultimately establishing Van Gogh's reputation as one of the finest artists of his generation. In doing so, she fundamentally changed how we view the relationship between the artist and his work. She also lived a rich and fascinating life-not only was she friends with eminent writers and artists, but she also was active within the Social Democratic Labour Party and closely involved in emerging women's movements. Using rich source material, including unseen diaries, documents and letters, Hans Luijten charts the multi-faceted life of this visionary woman with the drive to shake the art world to its core.
Being in Christ' is a central theme in the message of the gospel. It is central for understanding the relation of Christian believers and the church with Jesus Christ, their Lord. It determines the identity of a Christian. It is helpful for understanding the presence of Christ and his salvation in the present. It can be developed as an element of a theological ontology. Finally, it is a theme with a great integrating power. In this book, the theme 'being in Christ' is analyzed in different perspectives. The attention is focused on the reality of 'being in Christ': its ontological implications. First, two representatives of the Reformed tradition are investigated: the English Puritan John Owen and the Dutch Neo-Calvinist Herman Bavinck. Second, a reconstruction of the Pauline and Johannine perspectives on 'being in Christ' is provided. Third, the theme is examined in the work of the English ethicist Oliver O'Donovan and the German-Swiss theologian Ingolf U. Dalferth. In the final chapter, the author gives his own systematic-theological proposal of a concept of 'being in Christ.
For many years both police violence and the complaints procedures have been important topics for debate in Britain and elsewhere. This book aims to provide a contribution to this debate by analysing the way in which police violence at present is and should be policed. On the basis of a case study in Glasgow the authors examine the phenomenon of police violence and the occupational reality in which it can be most adequately controlled. The present type of British complaints system was found to have little to offer to the victims of such incidents, and to be even counterproductive as a mechanism of control of police behaviour. This book discusses the main structural amendments which would enable the complaints procedure to provide a more adequate response. It is contended that the police themselves can and should play a major role in the control of police violence, and that they should have both the responsibility and opportunity for rectifying what went amiss. The implications of his study extend beyond the immediate Glaswegian, Scottish and even British context and are of wider interest to all those who are concerned with the issues and problems of police violence, policing police misconduct and police accountability in general.
Het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, opgericht in 1778, is de voorloper van het Nationaal Museum en de Nationale Bibliotheek van de Republik Indonesia en geldt als de belangrijkste cultureel-wetenschappelijke organisatie van Nederlands-Indië in de VOC-tijd en de koloniale periode. In deze studie naar de vroege geschiedenis van deze eerbiedwaardige instelling komen aan de orde: de oprichting, het programma en het werkterrein van het genootschap, het ledenbestand en de leiding, groei, verval en wederopstanding, maar vooral de relatie tot de overheid van deze formeel private onderneming, die soms eerder een overheidsinstelling leek te worden. Het archief van het Genootschap, dat bewaard wordt in het Nationaal Archief van de Republik Indonesia, is hiertoe de belangrijkste bron geweest. Het is sinds 1878 nauwelijks beschikbaar geweest voor onderzoekers buiten de kring van het genootschap. Voor historici, linguïsten, antropologen, archeologen en anderen is het genootschapsarchief en de geschiedenis van het genootschap van groot belang.
This book is innovative, when compared to the first edition, in that it reverses the history of the English language. It takes present-day English as its point of departure, and gives historical explanations only in so far as they illustrate modern forms. The book does not presuppose a reading knowledge of Old and Middle English, but provides students with ready answers to questions they may have concerning modern "irregularities." Dutch and German examples and parallels, which might shed light on English forms and developments, have also been included. Comparisons not only heighten linguistic awareness on the part of the reader, but also to show what exactly happened in closely related languages.
This book considers whether recent theories from Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) undermine the epistemic status of religious belief. After introducing the key theories in the growing area of CSR, Hans Van Eyghen explores some of the epistemic questions surrounding CSR, including: Is CSR incompatible with the truth of religious belief? How might CSR show that religious belief is unreliably formed? And, finally, does CSR undermine the justification of religious belief by religious experiences? In addressing these questions, he demonstrates how CSR does not undermine the epistemic bases for religious belief. This book offers a clear and concise overview of the current state of cognitive science of religion and will be of particular interest to scholars working in philosophy and epistemology of religion.
In conjunction with two other volumes, which are scheduled to appear later, The Continental Backgrounds of English and its Insular Development until 1154 aims at giving a comprehensive survey of what by the author is seen as the most interesting aspects of the long history of English from its embryonic stages to the language spoken today in England and America. The present volume spans the period up to A.D. 1154, the year inaugurating the Plantagenet era in England and the year of the last events to be recorded in the annals of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
Why does language change? Why can we speak to and understand our parents but have trouble reading Shakespeare? Why is Chaucer's English of the fourteenth century so different from Modern English of the late twentieth century that the two are essentially different languages? Why are Americans and English 'one people divided by a common language'? And how can the language of Chaucer and Modern English - or Modern British and American English - still be called the same language? The present book provides answers to questions like these in a straightforward way, aimed at the non-specialist, with ample illustrations from both familiar and more exotic languages. Most chapters in this new edition have been reworked, with some difficult passages removed, other passages thoroughly rewritten, and several new sections added, e.g. on the regularity of sound change and its importance for general historical-comparative linguistics. Further, the chapter notes and bibliography have all been updated. The content is engaging, focusing on topics and issues that spark student interest. Its goals are broadly pedagogical and the level and presentation are appropriate for interested beginners with little or no background in linguistics. The language coverage for examples goes well beyond what is usual for books of this kind, with a considerable amount of data from various languages of India.
Soteriology, not epistemology, is the best entrance to theological hermeneutics and to the doctrine of Scripture. The triune God uses Scripture to make the community of believers live in Christ. We hear the words of Scripture in the light of Easter and Pentecost. We understand Scripture from faith in Christ and with the mind of Christ. At the same time, we come to know Christ in Scripture and we receive the mind of Christ by reading Scripture. We remain in Christ by remaining in the Word. Understanding Scripture and Christlikeness mutually reinforce each other. Living a Christian life with God and our neighbor in God’s world will deepen our understanding of Scripture. This book explores the complex relationships between Jesus Christ, participation in Christ, theological hermeneutics, and the doctrine of Scripture. It shows the necessity of a holistic approach of life, knowledge, understanding, and renewal.
This book contains a systematic description of the theologies of Colin E. Gunton (1941‐2003) and Oswald Bayer (b. 1939). Their use of the doctrine of creation in systematic theology has remarkable consequences for late-modern theological ethics. This book explores those consequences from the example of the theological doctrine of marriage. The author also contributes to the ecumenical debate by building on the Neo-Calvinist theological heritage.
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