This book provides a comprehensive overview on emergent bursty patterns in the dynamics of human behaviour. It presents common and alternative understanding of the investigated phenomena, and points out open questions worthy of further investigations. The book is structured as follows. In the introduction the authors discuss the motivation of the field, describe bursty phenomena in case of human behaviour, and relate it to other disciplines. The second chapter addresses the measures commonly used to characterise heterogeneous signals, bursty human dynamics, temporal paths, and correlated behaviour. These definitions are first introduced to set the basis for the discussion of the third chapter about the observations of bursty human patterns in the dynamics of individuals, dyadic interactions, and collective behaviour. The subsequent fourth chapter discusses the models of bursty human dynamics. Various mechanisms have been proposed about the source of the heterogeneities in human dynamics, which leads to the introduction of conceptually different modelling approaches. The authors address all of these perspectives objectively, highlight their strengths and shortcomings, and mention possible extensions to them. The fifth chapter addresses the effect of individual heterogeneous behaviour on collective dynamics. This question in particular has been investigated in various systems including spreading phenomena, random walks, and opinion formation dynamics. Here the main issues are whether burstiness speeds up or slows down the co-evolving processes, and how burstiness modifies time-dependent paths in the system that determine the spreading patterns of any kind of information or influence. Finally in the sixth chapter the authors end the review with a discussion and future perspectives. It is an ideal book for researchers and students who wish to enter the field of bursty human dynamics or want to expand their knowledge on such phenomena.
An extensive update of the classic reference on organic reactions in water Published almost a decade ago, the first edition has served as the guide for research in this burgeoning field. Due to the cost, safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness of water as a solvent, there are many new applications in industry and academic laboratories. More than forty percent of this extensively updated second edition covers new reactions. For ease of reference, it is organized by functional groups. A core reference, Comprehensive Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media, Second Edition: * Provides the most comprehensive coverage of aqueous organicreactions available * Covers the basic principles and theory and progresses to applications * Includes alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, electrophilic substitutions, carbonyls, alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls, carbon-nitrogen bonds, organic halides, pericyclic reactions, photochemical reactions, click chemistry, and multi-step syntheses? * Provides examples of applications in industry This is the premier reference for chemists and chemical engineers in industry or research, as well as for students in advanced-level courses.
Integrating brain science, cognitive psychology, education and information technology, the books studies how technology has promoted deeper learning on mathematics in Chinese primary schools. After introducing the theoretical basis, connotation and mechanism of deeper learning, the author fully explains its practice, including the composition of deeper learning teaching content, the development of digital resources, classroom teaching technology and teachers' professional development of deeper learning. He especially adopts multiple and interdisciplinary research methods, such as deeper learning "triangle evidence" paradigm, learning brain observation, education big data analysis, artificial intelligence education analysis, education action, and qualitative and quantitative research. On one hand, the book will give researchers of learning theory and pedagogy an in-depth understanding of what deeper learning is and why it provides a systematic theoretical system; on the other hand, it will also provide school practitioners with operational methods and cases to learn from.
The boom of internet is causing another industrial revolution. It is necessary for Chinese airlines to develop E-business in order to keep their competitive advantages. China Southern Airlines is the first Chinese airlines to enter E-business sector and is fairly successful in Chinese civil aviation market. However, comparing with British Airways, current E-business strategy in this company quite falls behind. After a strategic analysis, it is clearly that E-business is a profitable strategy for China Southern Airlines and should be applied further. It is quite urgent for China Southern Airlines to enlarge and improve its E-business strategies so that it can consolidate its leading position in this market segment. Therefore, some reasonable future strategic choices are put forward and a recommendation is given. On the other hand, the explosion of Chinese economy provides a rapid growth of air traffic world widely. British Airways and other foreign airlines would increase their profits significantly from Chinese air market.
How did ancestral arthropods successfully diversify to colonize the land? How do insects use their wings to exploit terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems by metamorphosis? The causes and consequences of metamorphosis are still poorly understood in biology. This collection of essays examines the molecular basis underlying the metamorphosis regulation of the white wax scale insect (WWS), a fascinating insect that undergoes different metamorphoses between males and females. It shows that the WWS has produced great economic or medical benefits for human beings for thousands of years. This book provides interesting information for scientific and technical personnel, as well as undergraduate and graduate students engaged in entomology, molecular biology and biogeography.
The earliest book-length treatise in Chinese literary criticism, the Wenxin diaolong is of central importance in the Chinese tradition. The work was compiled in the sixth century, one of the most fertile and original periods in Chinese critical thinking. Its author, Liu Xie, was a Buddhist monk as well as a Confucian scholar, and so represented the main persuasions of China. The Wenxin diaolong first came to be noted in the seventeenth century, when it was studied by scholars and edited by Mei Qingsheng. When the study of literary criticism became an independent discipline early in the twentieth century, it developed into a cynosure that was widely discussed and provided with learned annotations. This volume presents a fresh translation of the Wenxin diaolong that is at once authoritative and elegant. It may well be regarded as a standard reference by students of sinology and comparative literature.
Examining the production of 'people's literature' in China, this study provides a new interpretive framework with which to understand socialist literature and presents a sympathetic understanding of culture from a period in China's history in which people's lives were greatly and obviously affected by political events.
Embedded Courts is laden with tension. Chinese courts are organized as a singular and unified system yet grassroots courts in urban and rural regions differ greatly in the way they use the law and are as diverse as the populations they serve. Based on extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews, this book offers a penetrating discussion of the operation of Chinese courts. It explains how Chinese judges rule and how the law is not the only script they follow - political, administrative, social and economic factors all influence verdicts. This landmark work will revise our understanding of the role of law in China - one that cannot be easily understood through the standard lens of judicial independence and separation of powers. Ng and He make clear the struggle facing frontline judges as they bridge the gap between a rule-based application of law and an instrumentalist view that prioritizes stability maintenance.
This book presents an overview of the development of China-Europe express train in the broader context of BRI. It analyzes the benefits to the regions along the route from the safe, smooth and stable operation of the train in recent years, involving the strong impetus for building a new pattern of dual cycle development and driving the recovery of the economy in the post-pandemic era. Based on in-depth case studies of the operations in many regions, this book proposes measures in order to promote the high-quality development of China-Europe train: to improve infrastructure and enhance port capacity; to unify international standards and improve the efficiency of train customs clearance; to open up the European market and actively organize the return source of goods; to standardize government administrative intervention according to market orientation; to strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure with the focus on connectivity; to cultivate international logistics talents and build a high-quality China-Europe express train talent team.
The Zheng family of merchants and militarists emerged from the tumultuous seventeenth century amid a severe economic depression, a harrowing dynastic transition from the ethnic Chinese Ming to the Manchu Qing, and the first wave of European expansion into East Asia. Under four generations of leaders over six decades, the Zheng had come to dominate trade across the China Seas. Their average annual earnings matched, and at times exceeded, those of their fiercest rivals: the Dutch East India Company. Although nominally loyal to the Ming in its doomed struggle against the Manchus, the Zheng eventually forged an autonomous territorial state based on Taiwan with the potential to encompass the family's entire economic sphere of influence. Through the story of the Zheng, Xing Hang provides a fresh perspective on the economic divergence of early modern China from western Europe, its twenty-first-century resurgence, and the meaning of a Chinese identity outside China.
This book provides comprehensive coverage on the concepts, frameworks, and underpinning technologies in most aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT), and presents them as the foundation on which more advanced topics, such as 5G and mMTC/M2M, Edge/cloud computing and the modalities of Tactile IoT, Industrial IoT (IIoT)/Industry 4.0, Satellite IoT, and Digital Twins (DT), could be built upon.A key feature of the book is the chapter that focuses on security and privacy for individuals and IoT/ Industry 4.0 are discussed.This book is a good reference guide for researchers, developers, integrators and stakeholders working on research in or development of IoT, particularly where open-source software are deployed.
This book systematically introduces readers to the operator method, which can be used in different stages of urban planning. Energy planning should ideally be accompanied by urban planning, ranging from comprehensive planning and detailed planning, to the design of individual construction projects. This book discusses a range of methods and models for defining energy planning objectives; analyzing and predicting energy demand; assessing available energy resources; optimizing integrated energy systems; analyzing the cost-effectiveness of proposals; implementation management; and post-assessment. Part one focuses on energy planning in different urban planning stages, while part two provides detailed discussions of key issues related to energy planning.
This book focuses on the topology theory of mechanisms developed by the authors and provides a systematic method for the topology design of robot mechanisms. The main original theoretical contributions of this book include: A. Three basic concepts · The “geometrical constraint type of axes” is introduced as the third element of the topological structure of a mechanism. When it is combined with the other two elements, the kinematic pair and the connection of links, the symbolic expression of the topological structure is independent of the motion positions (except for the singularity positions) and the fixed coordinate system (Chapter 2). · The position and orientation characteristic (POC) set is used to describe the POC of the relative motion between any two links. The POC set, derived from the unit vector set of the velocity of a link, is only depend on the topological structure of a mechanism. Therefore, it is also independent of the motion positions and the fixed coordinate system (Chapter 3). · The single open chain (SOC) unit is the base unit of the topological structure used to develop the four basic equations of the mechanism topology (Chapters 2, 4–6). B. The mechanism composition principle based on the SOC units This book proposes a mechanism composition principle, based on the SOC units, to establish a systematic theory for the unified modeling of the topology, kinematics, and dynamics of mechanisms based on the SOC units (Chapter 7). C. Four basic equations • The POC equation of serial mechanisms with 10 symbolic operation rules (Chapter 4). • The POC equation of parallel mechanisms with 14 symbolic operation rules (Chapter 5). • The general DOF formula for spatial mechanisms (Chapter 6). • The coupling degree formula for the Assur kinematic chain (Chapter 7). D. One systematic method for the topology design of robot mechanisms (Chapters 8–10) Based on the three basic concepts and the four basic equations addressed above, this book puts forward a systematic method for the topology design of parallel mechanisms, which is fundamentally different from all existing methods. Its main characteristics are as follows: • The design process includes two stages: the first is structure synthesis, which derives many structure types; the second involves the performance analysis, classification and optimization of structure types derived from the first stage. • The design operation is independent of the motion positions and the fixed coordinate system. Therefore, the proposed method is essentially a geometrical method, which ensures the full-cycle DOF and the generality of geometric conditions of mechanism existence. • Each individual design step follows an explicit formula or the guidelines for design criteria, making the operation simple, feasible and reproducible. In addition, the topology design of the SCARA PMs is studied in detail to demonstrate the proposed method (Chapter 10).
This book shows the various porous structures and supramolecular architectures that result from the cucurbituril-based coordination, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole interactions, π∙∙∙π stacking and C–H∙∙∙π processes. It includes two chapters presenting essential examples of these cucurbituril-based structures, depending on the types of non covalent interactions and inducer species. It also includes one chapter dealing with the utilization of cucurbiturils as a molecular container in supramolecular chemistry and demonstrating a wide range of potential applications of supramolecular assemblies with cucurbiturils in catalysis, separation, absorption and polymer materials. The book offers an interesting and valuable guide for readers working in the areas of supramolecular chemistry and materials.
Dissatisfaction with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an indicator of a country’s development or a population’s wellbeing led to the development of the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). The GPI is an aggregate index of over 20 economic, social and environmental indicators, and accounts for both the welfare benefits of economic growth, and the social and environmental costs which accompany that economic growth. The result is better information about the level of welfare or well-being of a country’s population. This book measures the GPI of Hong Kong and Singapore from 1968 to 2010. It finds that for both countries, economic output (as measured by the GDP) has grown more than welfare (as measured by the GPI), but important differences are also found. In Hong Kong, the GPI has grown for the whole period under consideration, while in Singapore the GPI has stalled from 1993. This is in line with most countries and is explained by the "threshold hypothesis" which states that beyond a certain level of economic development the benefits of further economic growth are outweighed by even higher environmental and social costs. The book argues that the growth of Hong Kong’s GPI is due to its favourable relationship with China and in particular its ability to export low-wage jobs and polluting industries, rather than successful domestic policies. A stalling or shrinking GPI calls for alternative policies than the growth economy promoted by neoclassical economists, and the book explores an alternative model, that of the Steady State Economy (SSE).
The editorials collected in this book date from 1975 to 1984 when the signing of the Joint Declaration between Britain and China, and Hong Kong lead to intense debates about this incongruous scenario. Dr. Lam's editorials and conjectures provided a focal point for discussing Hong Kong's future. His views on housing, assimilating immigrants, the collusion of politics and business still inform.
This book details cutting-edge research into human-like driving technology, utilising game theory to better suit a human and machine hybrid driving environment. Covering feature identification and modelling of human driving behaviours, the book explains how to design an algorithm for decision making and control of autonomous vehicles in complex scenarios. Beginning with a review of current research in the field, the book uses this as a springboard from which to present a new theory of human-like driving framework for autonomous vehicles. Chapters cover system models of decision making and control, driving safety, riding comfort and travel efficiency. Throughout the book, game theory is applied to human-like decision making, enabling the autonomous vehicle and the human driver interaction to be modelled using noncooperative game theory approach. It also uses game theory to model collaborative decision making between connected autonomous vehicles. This framework enables human-like decision making and control of autonomous vehicles, which leads to safer and more efficient driving in complicated traffic scenarios. The book will be of interest to students and professionals alike, in the field of automotive engineering, computer engineering and control engineering.
Focusing on the hybrid maritime world of Hong Kong, Pearl River Delta and West River in the last two decades of the late Qing period, this work tells a vivid trading and competition story of previously unknown private Chinese traders and junk masters. This challenges the prevailing view of the domination of China’s maritime trade by modern foreign steamships. Making use of unpublished Kowloon Maritime Customs and British diplomatic records in the late 19th and early 20th century, Henry Sze Hang Choi convincingly shows how these private Chinese traders flexibly adopted to the foreign-dominated maritime customs agencies and treaty port system in defending their Chinese homeland stronghold against the invasion of foreign economic power.
More than 1,100 TEM images illustrate the science of ULSI The natural outgrowth of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration), Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) refers to semiconductor chips with more than 10 million devices per chip. Written by three renowned pioneers in their field, ULSI Semiconductor Technology Atlas uses examples and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) micrographs to explain and illustrate ULSI process technologies and their associated problems. The first book available on the subject to be illustrated using TEM images, ULSI Semiconductor Technology Atlas is logically divided into four parts: * Part I includes basic introductions to the ULSI process, device construction analysis, and TEM sample preparation * Part II focuses on key ULSI modules--ion implantation and defects, dielectrics and isolation structures, silicides/salicides, and metallization * Part III examines integrated devices, including complete planar DRAM, stacked cell DRAM, and trench cell DRAM, as well as SRAM as examples for process integration and development * Part IV emphasizes special applications, including TEM in advanced failure analysis, TEM in advanced packaging development and UBM (Under Bump Metallization) studies, and high-resolution TEM in microelectronics This innovative guide also provides engineers and managers in the microelectronics industry, as well as graduate students, with: * More than 1,100 TEM images to illustrate the science of ULSI * A historical introduction to the technology as well as coverage of the evolution of basic ULSI process problems and issues * Discussion of TEM in other advanced microelectronics devices and materials, such as flash memories, SOI, SiGe devices, MEMS, and CD-ROMs
This book uses Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital model as a theoretical framework for exploring how students in Beijing and Hong Kong perceive parental influences—their parents’ cultural capital and support—on their participation in musical activities. By studying students’ perceptions of their parents’ cultural capital and support for their musical activities, this book revisits the applicability of Bourdieu’s cultural capital model in the contemporary Chinese context and reveals how inequality in terms of parental cultural capital governs parents’ support and influences the intergenerational transmission of cultural capital, which in turn contributes to inequality in terms of students’ cultural capital.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of policy transfer in authoritarian regimes. Focusing on Vietnam, it explores how and why authoritarian governments learn from other countries, and the significance of policy transfer outcomes. By examining merit-based policy transfer in Vietnam's civil service and comparing it with policy transfer in China, the book uncovers key aspects of policy transfer in one-party authoritarian systems. In doing so, it addresses an important gap in the literature on policy transfer, that has predominantly focused on Western democracies. The book highlights the role of the ruling party in overseeing policy transfer and the resulting consolidation of authoritarian power structures. It also provides theoretical recommendations for future research and addresses the practical implications of policy transfer and meritocratic reform in authoritarian contexts. It will appeal to all those interested in public policy, authoritarianism, and Asia-Pacific studies.
This book investigates the analytical framework and hybrid precoding scheme in millimeter-wave networks. Millimeter-wave communication is a frontier technology for supporting ultra-high data rate transmissions in future wireless networks due to larger bandwidth and higher spectral efficiency. However, the involved interference characterization and increased energy consumption are two dominant limitations in millimeter-wave network evolution. In this monograph, we develop a unified analytical framework for large-scale millimeter-wave communication networks, which leads to abundant network design insights and guidelines. Under this framework, we design low-complexity hybrid precoding algorithms for millimeter-wave systems, which greatly reduce energy consumption without obvious performance degradation. We would like to highlight that we develop a unified analytical framework and low-complexity hybrid precoding mechanisms for millimeter-wave communication networks, where a variety of millimeter-wave properties and hardware constraints are incorporated. The developed mechanisms can provide abundant insights and guidelines for the hybrid precoding design and analysis in millimeter-wave communication networks. Graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field of communication networks can benefit from the book.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of Chinese linguistics, including the core components of phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, writing system, and social cultural aspects of the language. It also discusses key features of Chinese language acquisition in each of these areas, highlighting common difficulties and obstacles adult learners encounter as revealed in language acquisition research. The integration of basic linguistic knowledge with language acquisition findings provides valuable resources for both current and aspiring Chinese language teachers, and serious learners of Chinese as a second language. Exercise questions included in each chapter serve to reinforce the concepts of Chinese linguistics. The book is designed to not only enhance Chinese learners’ linguistic awareness but also provide language teachers with pedagogical preparation and assistance. While this book can be used as a textbook for an introductory Chinese linguistics course, it is also beneficial to the broader range of readers who are interested in Chinese linguistics.
Tones are the most challenging aspect of learning Chinese pronunciation for adult learners and traditional research mostly attributes tonal errors to interference from learners’ native languages. In Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese Tones, Hang Zhang offers a series of cross-linguistic studies to argue that there are factors influencing tone acquisition that extend beyond the transfer of structures from learners’ first languages, and beyond characteristics extracted from Chinese. These factors include universal phonetic and phonological constraints as well as pedagogical issues. By examining non-native Chinese tone productions made by speakers of non-tonal languages (English, Japanese, and Korean), this book brings together theory and practice and uses the theoretical insights to provide concrete suggestions for teachers and learners of Chinese.
Additive Friction Stir Deposition is a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art understanding on this emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology. Sections cover additive friction stir deposition, encompassing advances in processing science, metallurgical science and innovative applications. The book presents a clear description of underlying physical phenomena, shows how the process determines the printing quality, covers resultant microstructure and properties in the as-printed state, highlights its key capabilities and limitations, and explores niche applications in repair, cladding and multi-material 3D printing. Serving as an educational and research guide, this book aims to provide a holistic picture of additive friction stir deposition-based solid-state additive manufacturing as well as a thorough comparison to conventional beam-based metal additive manufacturing, such as powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition. - Provides a clear process description of additive friction stir deposition and highlights key capabilities - Summarizes the current research and application of additive friction stir deposition, including material flow, microstructure evolution, repair and dissimilar material cladding - Discusses future applications and areas of research for this technology
This book presents the up-to-date research developments and novel methodologies on multi-sensor filtering fusion (MSFF) for a class of complex systems subject to censored data under a constrained network environment. The contents of this book are divided into two parts covering centralized and distributed MSFF design methodologies. The work provides a framework of optimal centralized/distributed filter design and stability and performance analysis for the considered systems along with designed filters. Simulations presented in this book are implemented using MATLAB. Features: Includes concepts, backgrounds and models on censored data, filtering fusion and communication constraints. Reviews case studies to provide clear engineering insights into the developed fusion theories and techniques. Provides theoretic values and engineering insights of the censored data and constrained network. Discusses performance evaluation of the presented multi-sensor fusion algorithms. Explores promising research directions on future multi-sensor fusion. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in networked control, sensor networks, and data fusion.
This book is about cognitive radio (CR), a revolution in radio technology and an enabling technology for dynamic spectrum access. Due to the unique characteristics of the wireless networks, it is essential to address the approach of multiple layers (e.g., physical, link, and network) to maximize the network performance. The formulation of this cross-layer problem is usually complicated and challenging, while wireless resource allocation is a vital way to handle the race condition of the limited wireless resources. However, given the intrinsic characteristics of cognitive radio networks (CRN), none of the existing analytical approach could be a direct fit. Therefore, innovative theoretical results, along with the corresponding mathematical techniques, are necessary. In this book, we aim to develop some novel algorithmic design and optimization techniques that provide optimal or near-optimal solutions. Although cross-layer design has been introduced to CRN for many years, there are rarely any books for researchers, engineers, and students, from the engineering perspective. From one hand, most of the existing books primarily focus on the mathematical and economic aspects, which are considerably different from the engineering. On the other hand, all of the books mainly aim to system optimization or control techniques, while the cross-layer algorithm design in the distributed environment is usually ignored. As the result, there is an urgent demand for a reference source, which can provide complete information on how to fully adopt cross-layer resource allocation to the CRN. In this regard, this book not only focuses on the description of the main aspects of cross-layer resource allocation over CRN, but also provides a review of the application solutions. In a nutshell, it provides a specific treatment of cross-layer design in CRN. The topics range from the basic concepts of cross-layer resource allocation, to the state-of-the-art analyses, modelings, and optimizations for CRN.
Learning to rank refers to machine learning techniques for training a model in a ranking task. Learning to rank is useful for many applications in information retrieval, natural language processing, and data mining. Intensive studies have been conducted on its problems recently, and significant progress has been made. This lecture gives an introduction to the area including the fundamental problems, major approaches, theories, applications, and future work. The author begins by showing that various ranking problems in information retrieval and natural language processing can be formalized as two basic ranking tasks, namely ranking creation (or simply ranking) and ranking aggregation. In ranking creation, given a request, one wants to generate a ranking list of offerings based on the features derived from the request and the offerings. In ranking aggregation, given a request, as well as a number of ranking lists of offerings, one wants to generate a new ranking list of the offerings. Ranking creation (or ranking) is the major problem in learning to rank. It is usually formalized as a supervised learning task. The author gives detailed explanations on learning for ranking creation and ranking aggregation, including training and testing, evaluation, feature creation, and major approaches. Many methods have been proposed for ranking creation. The methods can be categorized as the pointwise, pairwise, and listwise approaches according to the loss functions they employ. They can also be categorized according to the techniques they employ, such as the SVM based, Boosting based, and Neural Network based approaches. The author also introduces some popular learning to rank methods in details. These include: PRank, OC SVM, McRank, Ranking SVM, IR SVM, GBRank, RankNet, ListNet & ListMLE, AdaRank, SVM MAP, SoftRank, LambdaRank, LambdaMART, Borda Count, Markov Chain, and CRanking. The author explains several example applications of learning to rank including web search, collaborative filtering, definition search, keyphrase extraction, query dependent summarization, and re-ranking in machine translation. A formulation of learning for ranking creation is given in the statistical learning framework. Ongoing and future research directions for learning to rank are also discussed. Table of Contents: Learning to Rank / Learning for Ranking Creation / Learning for Ranking Aggregation / Methods of Learning to Rank / Applications of Learning to Rank / Theory of Learning to Rank / Ongoing and Future Work
Due to many factors including power control, scheduling, flow routing, and so on, the resource management via optimization is the key to ensure overall end-to-end performance of wireless systems. Data transmission and the service, is one of the most important topics for the future wireless and communication networks. In the past decade, people have witnessed a significant progress in the advance of resource management over wireless systems. It is not only an important research topic, but also emerging as an integral material for graduate-level networking courses for students in Computing Science major. Nevertheless, there are few books available to date that can serve such a purpose. It is because of the cross-disciplines that resource management requires, which cover a broad range of topics, making it especially challenging to develop a specific book to cover them all. For instance, cross-layer resource management has to be specific with different design variables and constraints, hence different networking scenarios have different end-to-end utility goals and service objectives, and different problem formulations to employ different optimization methods. To respond to the need of such a book for graduate/undergraduate students, researchers and engineers, this book try to tackle the difficulties by bringing together the resource management and optimization design in wireless system. This intent is to either serve as a textbook for advanced graduate-level courses on wireless and communication networks, or as a reference book by students and engineers.
Some years ago, silicon-based mechanical sensors, like pressure sensors, accelerometers and gyroscopes, started their successful advance. Every year, hundreds of millions of these devices are sold, mainly for medical and automotive applications. The airbag sensor on which research already started several decades ago at Stanford University can be found in every new car and has saved already numerous lives. Pressure sensors are also used in modern electronic blood pressure equipment. Many other mechanical sensors, mostly invisible to the public, perform useful functions in countless industrial and consumer products. The underlying physics and technology of silicon-based mechanical sensors is rather complex and is treated in numerous publications scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, a clear need existed for a handbook that thoroughly and systematically reviews the present basic knowledge on these devices. After a short introduction, Professor Bao discusses the main issues relevant to silicon-based mechanical sensors. First a thorough treatment of stress and strain in diaphragms and beams is presented. Next, vibration of mechanical structures is illuminated, followed by a chapter on air damping. These basic chapters are then succeeded by chapters in which capacitive and piezoresistive sensing techniques are amply discussed. The book concludes with chapters on commercially available pressure sensors, accelerometers and resonant sensors in which the above principles are applied. Everybody, involved in designing silicon-based mechanical sensors, will find a wealth of useful information in the book, assisting the designer in obtaining highly optimized devices.
Hong Kong is one of the very few places in the world where the common law can be practiced in a language other than English. Introduced into the courtroom over a decade ago, Cantonese has significantly altered the everyday working of the common law in China's most Westernized city. In The Common Law in Two Voices, Ng explores how English and Cantonese respectively reinforce and undermine the practice of legal formalism. This first-ever ethnographic study of Hong Kong's unique legal system in the midst of social and political transition, this book provides important insights into the social nature of language and the work of institutions. Ng contends that the dilemma of legal bilingualism in Hong Kong is emblematic of the inherent tensions of postcolonial Hong Kong. Through the legal dramas presented in the book, readers will get a fresh look at the former British colony that is now searching for its identity within a powerful China.
Nightfall turned around and cast the Three Steps Charms: Black and White Impermanence, The Door of the Underworld's Hundred Ghost Worry. At first, I didn't know why my mother had named me that, but it wasn't until I was besieged by the beauty of the world and struck by a hundred disasters that I finally found out the source of all the secrets of the Zhong Family — the Jade Blood Pill Heart.
Drawing on the sun, moon, dragon, phoenix, Nuwa, Yandi, Huangdi and other widely circulated cultural elements as examples, this book addresses the development and evolution of the most representative Chinese creation myths regarding nature, totems, ancestors and saints. The book not only interprets key creation myths, but also elaborates on the connection between the myths and some of the core values and concepts in Chinese civilization. For example, the long and jade culture is rooted in the Yellow Emperor’s revered jade weapon. Further, the book reveals the kernels of truth in the myths by presenting new research findings and research methods.
This book is a must-read for those interested in the aging phenomenon of materials used in new energy systems, such as photovoltaic and electric vehicles. It provides a fundamental framework for this topic and important basic data and references for insulation materials used in these systems. It covers the aging of photovoltaic systems installed in different environments, including space, as well as the aging of the discharge present in the drive motors of electric vehicles. This book is suitable for researchers and students interested in green energy systems and can be used for teaching, research, and science popularization.
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