Embedded Courts is laden with tension. Chinese courts are organized as a singular and unified system yet grassroots courts in urban and rural regions differ greatly in the way they use the law and are as diverse as the populations they serve. Based on extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews, this book offers a penetrating discussion of the operation of Chinese courts. It explains how Chinese judges rule and how the law is not the only script they follow - political, administrative, social and economic factors all influence verdicts. This landmark work will revise our understanding of the role of law in China - one that cannot be easily understood through the standard lens of judicial independence and separation of powers. Ng and He make clear the struggle facing frontline judges as they bridge the gap between a rule-based application of law and an instrumentalist view that prioritizes stability maintenance.
This book systematically introduces readers to the operator method, which can be used in different stages of urban planning. Energy planning should ideally be accompanied by urban planning, ranging from comprehensive planning and detailed planning, to the design of individual construction projects. This book discusses a range of methods and models for defining energy planning objectives; analyzing and predicting energy demand; assessing available energy resources; optimizing integrated energy systems; analyzing the cost-effectiveness of proposals; implementation management; and post-assessment. Part one focuses on energy planning in different urban planning stages, while part two provides detailed discussions of key issues related to energy planning.
Examining the production of 'people's literature' in China, this study provides a new interpretive framework with which to understand socialist literature and presents a sympathetic understanding of culture from a period in China's history in which people's lives were greatly and obviously affected by political events.
The earliest book-length treatise in Chinese literary criticism, the Wenxin diaolong is of central importance in the Chinese tradition. The work was compiled in the sixth century, one of the most fertile and original periods in Chinese critical thinking. Its author, Liu Xie, was a Buddhist monk as well as a Confucian scholar, and so represented the main persuasions of China. The Wenxin diaolong first came to be noted in the seventeenth century, when it was studied by scholars and edited by Mei Qingsheng. When the study of literary criticism became an independent discipline early in the twentieth century, it developed into a cynosure that was widely discussed and provided with learned annotations. This volume presents a fresh translation of the Wenxin diaolong that is at once authoritative and elegant. It may well be regarded as a standard reference by students of sinology and comparative literature.
The Zheng family of merchants and militarists emerged from the tumultuous seventeenth century amid a severe economic depression, a harrowing dynastic transition from the ethnic Chinese Ming to the Manchu Qing, and the first wave of European expansion into East Asia. Under four generations of leaders over six decades, the Zheng had come to dominate trade across the China Seas. Their average annual earnings matched, and at times exceeded, those of their fiercest rivals: the Dutch East India Company. Although nominally loyal to the Ming in its doomed struggle against the Manchus, the Zheng eventually forged an autonomous territorial state based on Taiwan with the potential to encompass the family's entire economic sphere of influence. Through the story of the Zheng, Xing Hang provides a fresh perspective on the economic divergence of early modern China from western Europe, its twenty-first-century resurgence, and the meaning of a Chinese identity outside China.
Integrating brain science, cognitive psychology, education and information technology, the books studies how technology has promoted deeper learning on mathematics in Chinese primary schools. After introducing the theoretical basis, connotation and mechanism of deeper learning, the author fully explains its practice, including the composition of deeper learning teaching content, the development of digital resources, classroom teaching technology and teachers' professional development of deeper learning. He especially adopts multiple and interdisciplinary research methods, such as deeper learning "triangle evidence" paradigm, learning brain observation, education big data analysis, artificial intelligence education analysis, education action, and qualitative and quantitative research. On one hand, the book will give researchers of learning theory and pedagogy an in-depth understanding of what deeper learning is and why it provides a systematic theoretical system; on the other hand, it will also provide school practitioners with operational methods and cases to learn from.
Drawing on the sun, moon, dragon, phoenix, Nuwa, Yandi, Huangdi and other widely circulated cultural elements as examples, this book addresses the development and evolution of the most representative Chinese creation myths regarding nature, totems, ancestors and saints. The book not only interprets key creation myths, but also elaborates on the connection between the myths and some of the core values and concepts in Chinese civilization. For example, the long and jade culture is rooted in the Yellow Emperor’s revered jade weapon. Further, the book reveals the kernels of truth in the myths by presenting new research findings and research methods.
This book details cutting-edge research into human-like driving technology, utilising game theory to better suit a human and machine hybrid driving environment. Covering feature identification and modelling of human driving behaviours, the book explains how to design an algorithm for decision making and control of autonomous vehicles in complex scenarios. Beginning with a review of current research in the field, the book uses this as a springboard from which to present a new theory of human-like driving framework for autonomous vehicles. Chapters cover system models of decision making and control, driving safety, riding comfort and travel efficiency. Throughout the book, game theory is applied to human-like decision making, enabling the autonomous vehicle and the human driver interaction to be modelled using noncooperative game theory approach. It also uses game theory to model collaborative decision making between connected autonomous vehicles. This framework enables human-like decision making and control of autonomous vehicles, which leads to safer and more efficient driving in complicated traffic scenarios. The book will be of interest to students and professionals alike, in the field of automotive engineering, computer engineering and control engineering.
Focusing on the hybrid maritime world of Hong Kong, Pearl River Delta and West River in the last two decades of the late Qing period, this work tells a vivid trading and competition story of previously unknown private Chinese traders and junk masters. This challenges the prevailing view of the domination of China’s maritime trade by modern foreign steamships. Making use of unpublished Kowloon Maritime Customs and British diplomatic records in the late 19th and early 20th century, Henry Sze Hang Choi convincingly shows how these private Chinese traders flexibly adopted to the foreign-dominated maritime customs agencies and treaty port system in defending their Chinese homeland stronghold against the invasion of foreign economic power.
An extensive update of the classic reference on organic reactions in water Published almost a decade ago, the first edition has served as the guide for research in this burgeoning field. Due to the cost, safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness of water as a solvent, there are many new applications in industry and academic laboratories. More than forty percent of this extensively updated second edition covers new reactions. For ease of reference, it is organized by functional groups. A core reference, Comprehensive Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media, Second Edition: * Provides the most comprehensive coverage of aqueous organicreactions available * Covers the basic principles and theory and progresses to applications * Includes alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, electrophilic substitutions, carbonyls, alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls, carbon-nitrogen bonds, organic halides, pericyclic reactions, photochemical reactions, click chemistry, and multi-step syntheses? * Provides examples of applications in industry This is the premier reference for chemists and chemical engineers in industry or research, as well as for students in advanced-level courses.
This book offers a comprehensive survey of the major parts of speech in Mandarin. Seeking to identify the sets of universal and language-specific categories, it compares the range of categories available in Mandarin and the Indo-European languages and establishes six universal categories – nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions – and three language-specific ones, namely classifiers, localizers and sentence-final particles. Incorporating insights from recent research findings and the diachronic development of the language, the book sheds new light on the factors that contribute to the long-standing debate on the categorical status of adjectives, prepositions and localizers in the extant literature. Bringing together the earlier general descriptions and the latest advances, it is broadly accessible to non-native and native speakers of the language and offers an ideal reference source for all students and scholars who are interested in studying the parts of speech in Mandarin.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of Chinese linguistics, including the core components of phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, writing system, and social cultural aspects of the language. It also discusses key features of Chinese language acquisition in each of these areas, highlighting common difficulties and obstacles adult learners encounter as revealed in language acquisition research. The integration of basic linguistic knowledge with language acquisition findings provides valuable resources for both current and aspiring Chinese language teachers, and serious learners of Chinese as a second language. Exercise questions included in each chapter serve to reinforce the concepts of Chinese linguistics. The book is designed to not only enhance Chinese learners’ linguistic awareness but also provide language teachers with pedagogical preparation and assistance. While this book can be used as a textbook for an introductory Chinese linguistics course, it is also beneficial to the broader range of readers who are interested in Chinese linguistics.
This is an account of an American woman's recent travels through North Korea. Throughout her journey, she continually witnessed rundown villages, starving children with hollow eyes, haggard women crawling in the fields for single grains of rice and civilians unloading food aid at the point of bayonets. The author predicts that North Korea's economic reform, which has just started, will progress slowly, but that the country will one day be open to the outside world. It may, however, take another twenty years for this reform to be complete. Small, reluctant changes have already happened though, and this book expresses optimism that one day the North Korean people will end their isolation and join the world's mainstream.
This textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of touch technologies, explaining current mainstream and new contact/non-contact based human-machine interactivity (HMI) techniques, which are ubiquitous in modern electronic devices and allow machines to exchange information with users in an efficient and reliable manner. The book provides a detailed study of HMI working principles and practical product examples. Haptic, which has become essential for users to gain immersive experience, is also discussed. The book concludes with an overview of novel applications enabled by emerging technologies, such as advanced materials, virtual reality and machine learning, providing a roadmap for possible development trends for touch interactivities. The book can be used as a graduate text for students in display and touch interface technology courses in electrical and computer engineering, and a professional reference for researchers, practicing engineers, and product designers working in broad areas of engineering. Helps students understand the working principles of current touch technologies; Offers design considerations for prototypes and products; Provides seamless connectivity between broad subject areas involved in HMI, including material science, microelectronic circuits, mechanical engineering, and digital signal processing.
The editorials collected in this book date from 1975 to 1984 when the signing of the Joint Declaration between Britain and China, and Hong Kong lead to intense debates about this incongruous scenario. Dr. Lam's editorials and conjectures provided a focal point for discussing Hong Kong's future. His views on housing, assimilating immigrants, the collusion of politics and business still inform.
This book uses Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital model as a theoretical framework for exploring how students in Beijing and Hong Kong perceive parental influences—their parents’ cultural capital and support—on their participation in musical activities. By studying students’ perceptions of their parents’ cultural capital and support for their musical activities, this book revisits the applicability of Bourdieu’s cultural capital model in the contemporary Chinese context and reveals how inequality in terms of parental cultural capital governs parents’ support and influences the intergenerational transmission of cultural capital, which in turn contributes to inequality in terms of students’ cultural capital.
Dissatisfaction with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an indicator of a country’s development or a population’s wellbeing led to the development of the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). The GPI is an aggregate index of over 20 economic, social and environmental indicators, and accounts for both the welfare benefits of economic growth, and the social and environmental costs which accompany that economic growth. The result is better information about the level of welfare or well-being of a country’s population. This book measures the GPI of Hong Kong and Singapore from 1968 to 2010. It finds that for both countries, economic output (as measured by the GDP) has grown more than welfare (as measured by the GPI), but important differences are also found. In Hong Kong, the GPI has grown for the whole period under consideration, while in Singapore the GPI has stalled from 1993. This is in line with most countries and is explained by the "threshold hypothesis" which states that beyond a certain level of economic development the benefits of further economic growth are outweighed by even higher environmental and social costs. The book argues that the growth of Hong Kong’s GPI is due to its favourable relationship with China and in particular its ability to export low-wage jobs and polluting industries, rather than successful domestic policies. A stalling or shrinking GPI calls for alternative policies than the growth economy promoted by neoclassical economists, and the book explores an alternative model, that of the Steady State Economy (SSE).
This book provides comprehensive coverage on the concepts, frameworks, and underpinning technologies in most aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT), and presents them as the foundation on which more advanced topics, such as 5G and mMTC/M2M, Edge/cloud computing and the modalities of Tactile IoT, Industrial IoT (IIoT)/Industry 4.0, Satellite IoT, and Digital Twins (DT), could be built upon.A key feature of the book is the chapter that focuses on security and privacy for individuals and IoT/ Industry 4.0 are discussed.This book is a good reference guide for researchers, developers, integrators and stakeholders working on research in or development of IoT, particularly where open-source software are deployed.
This book is about cognitive radio (CR), a revolution in radio technology and an enabling technology for dynamic spectrum access. Due to the unique characteristics of the wireless networks, it is essential to address the approach of multiple layers (e.g., physical, link, and network) to maximize the network performance. The formulation of this cross-layer problem is usually complicated and challenging, while wireless resource allocation is a vital way to handle the race condition of the limited wireless resources. However, given the intrinsic characteristics of cognitive radio networks (CRN), none of the existing analytical approach could be a direct fit. Therefore, innovative theoretical results, along with the corresponding mathematical techniques, are necessary. In this book, we aim to develop some novel algorithmic design and optimization techniques that provide optimal or near-optimal solutions. Although cross-layer design has been introduced to CRN for many years, there are rarely any books for researchers, engineers, and students, from the engineering perspective. From one hand, most of the existing books primarily focus on the mathematical and economic aspects, which are considerably different from the engineering. On the other hand, all of the books mainly aim to system optimization or control techniques, while the cross-layer algorithm design in the distributed environment is usually ignored. As the result, there is an urgent demand for a reference source, which can provide complete information on how to fully adopt cross-layer resource allocation to the CRN. In this regard, this book not only focuses on the description of the main aspects of cross-layer resource allocation over CRN, but also provides a review of the application solutions. In a nutshell, it provides a specific treatment of cross-layer design in CRN. The topics range from the basic concepts of cross-layer resource allocation, to the state-of-the-art analyses, modelings, and optimizations for CRN.
This book presents the up-to-date research developments and novel methodologies on multi-sensor filtering fusion (MSFF) for a class of complex systems subject to censored data under a constrained network environment. The contents of this book are divided into two parts covering centralized and distributed MSFF design methodologies. The work provides a framework of optimal centralized/distributed filter design and stability and performance analysis for the considered systems along with designed filters. Simulations presented in this book are implemented using MATLAB. Features: Includes concepts, backgrounds and models on censored data, filtering fusion and communication constraints. Reviews case studies to provide clear engineering insights into the developed fusion theories and techniques. Provides theoretic values and engineering insights of the censored data and constrained network. Discusses performance evaluation of the presented multi-sensor fusion algorithms. Explores promising research directions on future multi-sensor fusion. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in networked control, sensor networks, and data fusion.
In The Happy Brush, the mystery of Chinese Painting is not only lifted, but also made easy and fun. The interesting text and illustrations proceed from simple to profound, starting with brush, paint, and equipment selection, rush holding and manipulations, and moving eventually to thematic composition. This book is valuable to be used for contemporary Chinese painting education, as well as for Chinese cultural heritage promotion.
This book presents an overview of the development of China-Europe express train in the broader context of BRI. It analyzes the benefits to the regions along the route from the safe, smooth and stable operation of the train in recent years, involving the strong impetus for building a new pattern of dual cycle development and driving the recovery of the economy in the post-pandemic era. Based on in-depth case studies of the operations in many regions, this book proposes measures in order to promote the high-quality development of China-Europe train: to improve infrastructure and enhance port capacity; to unify international standards and improve the efficiency of train customs clearance; to open up the European market and actively organize the return source of goods; to standardize government administrative intervention according to market orientation; to strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure with the focus on connectivity; to cultivate international logistics talents and build a high-quality China-Europe express train talent team.
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