Discourse markers constitute an important part of linguistic communication, and research on this phenomenon has been a thriving field of study over the past three decades. However, a problem that has plagued this research is that these markers exhibit a number of structural characteristics that are hard to interpret based on existing methodologies, such as grammaticalization. This study argues that it is possible to explain such characteristics in a meaningful way. It presents a cross-linguistic survey of the development of discourse markers, their important role in communication, and their relation to the wider context of sociocultural behaviour, with the goal of explaining their similarities and differences across a typologically wide range of languages. By giving a clear definition of discourse markers, it aims to provide a guide for future research, making it essential reading for students and researchers in linguistics, and anyone interested in exploring this fascinating linguistic phenomenon.
This book explores the effectiveness of listen-to-summarize tasks as a tool to assess lecture comprehension ability. It especially focuses on listen-to-summarize tasks that represent listeners’ meaning building and the discourse construction of the lecture for listening assessment purposes. It discusses in depth the nature of lecture comprehension and introduces the approaches to assessing it. It also presents teachers’ and students’ perceptions of listen-to-summarize task demands and their respective implications. By observing interactions between test-takers’ cognitive processes and the task itself, the book explores the effectiveness of these tasks. It also examines the discrepancy in cognitive processes between different language competence levels in detail, shedding light upon current research on lecture comprehension assessment and offering insights into listening comprehension instruction.
This book works equally well in the following multiple fields: Gender Studies, Literary/Cultural Studies, Performance Studies, Asian and Pacific Studies, Chinese Studies, Critical Theory and Literary Historiography
Cai Yuanpei A Musical Written in Chinese by Wang Haiping Translated into English by Ouyang Yu The topic and the theme: The New Culture Movement has a far-reaching impact in the modern history of China. Back then, the New Culture Movement, as the ideological foundation of the May Fourth Movement, played a role in ideological enlightenment and iberation. While the May Fourth Movement became the explicit state and the political form of radical revolution, its hidden state and the movement of comprehensive social forms at a deeper level are continuing, and the cultural modernising movement is also continuing as the shifting spirit and spiritual support of modernisation in China. As China is in the process of change, moving from a xiaokang society to a more affluent society, the central government has offered the challenge of great development and great prosperity that requires us to look back at history and to rethink on an ideological and cultural level. The thinking style, therefore, of Cai Yuanpei in the New Culture Movement is a typical subject.
Exploring one of the most dynamic and contested regions of the world, this series includes works on political, economic, cultural, and social changes in modern and contemporary Asia and the Pacific.
Advanced Seat Suspension Control System Design for Heavy Duty Vehicles provides systematic knowledge of the advanced seat suspension design and control for heavy duty vehicles. Nowadays, people are paying more and more attention to ride comfort and the health of drivers and passengers. This is especially for heavy duty vehicles, where drivers/operators are exposed to much severer vibrations than those in passenger vehicles due to a harsh working environment, operating conditions, and long hour driving, etc. Seat suspension systems can effectively help to suppress the high magnitude vibration transmitted to drivers with relatively simple structure and low cost, and hence are widely adopted in heavy duty vehicles. This book helps researchers and engineers to have a comprehensive understanding of the seat suspension system and to conduct in-depth studies on seat suspension design and control; this book covers a wide range of perspectives about seat suspension design and control methods. - Describes the variable damping, variable stiffness, and, especially, variable inertance seat suspensions - Provides the advanced and comprehensive knowledge about semi-active vibration control - Introduces the multiple-DOF seat suspension - Includes the innovative hybrid seat suspension and nonlinear seat suspension - All the introduced designs have been prototyped and experimentally validated - Provides Matlab Simulation programming codes
The book is the first international reference on the field of smart device recognition and Ubiquitous Electric Internet of Things (UEIOT). It presents a range of state-of-the-art key methods and applications for smart device recognition. In future smart environments, obtaining energy consumption information for identifying every device is an effective approach to guarantee the energy efficiency of smart industrial systems. Such as, the Ubiquitous Electric Internet of Things (UEIOT) technology represents one of the most effective measures for electricity and energy management and has attracted considerable attention from scientists and engineers around the world. The realization of smart device recognition in the UEIOT framework has become the core and basis of UEIOT’s success. The device smart recognition can help governments and managers to distribute energy and power better, and help device manufacturers to improve their products regarding smart energy conservation. Accordingly, in the future smart industry, implementing smart device recognition is desired and very important. In the book, several methods, strategies, and experiments for achieving smart device recognition are presented in details. As the first monograph in the field of smart device recognition, the book can provide beneficial reference for students, engineers, scientists, and managers in the fields of power, energy, electromechanical devices, smart cities, artificial intelligence, etc.
Evolutionary computation algorithms are employed to minimize functions with large number of variables. Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is an optimization algorithm that is based on the science of biogeography, which researches the migration patterns of species. These migration paradigms provide the main logic behind BBO. Due to the cross-disciplinary nature of the optimization problems, there is a need to develop multiple approaches to tackle them and to study the theoretical reasoning behind their performance. This book explains the mathematical model of BBO algorithm and its variants created to cope with continuous domain problems (with and without constraints) and combinatorial problems.
Chinese spoken drama flourished in the 1980s when it generated a series of national controversies. In important respects, this was the golden age of drama in the People's Republic, as the stage became a most effective arena for exploring long suppressed cultural and political issues, constituting an indispensable dimension of the reform that has been altering the landscape of contemporary Chinese culture and society. The plays in this volume are among the most influential and controversial, having engendered intense cultural debate and political confrontations. They include the only complete English language translation of Bus Stop by Nobel Prize-winning author Gao Xingjian. The film script was chosen from among the most acclaimed contemporary Chinese films for its high significance in the history of Chinese film and its international influence in the cinematic world. For general readers with diverse cultural and artistic interests, this anthology introduces a new world of performing culture that enriches, delights, and challenges. For students and scholars of modern Chinese culture and society, it provides insights into China's profound social, political, and cultural transformation. For students and scholars in theatre and film studies who are increasingly interested in dramatic creations beyond the boundaries of the European tradition, it offers much needed materials for broadening cultural horizons. Yan Haiping, who holds advanced degrees in theater arts from Cornell University, was awarded the First Prize for Excellence in Drama 1980-81 by the Society of Chinese Dramatists and the Ministry of Culture of the PRC for her ten-act historical play Li Shimin, Prince of Qin. contents Plays: WM, by Wang Peigong, playscript revised for performance by Wang Gui, translated by Thomas Moran; Pan Jinlian:The History of a Fallen Woman, by Wei Minglun, translated by Dave Williams with Xiaoxia Williams; Shanshuping Chronicles, by Chen Zidu, Yang Jian, Zhu Xiaoping, translated by Rong Cai; The Bus Stop by Gao Xingjian, translated by Kimberly Besio. Film: ld Well, by Zheng Yi, directed by Wu Tianming, translated by Shiaoling Yu.
Advanced Seat Suspension Control System Design for Heavy Duty Vehicles provides systematic knowledge of the advanced seat suspension design and control for heavy duty vehicles. Nowadays, people are paying more and more attention to ride comfort and the health of drivers and passengers. This is especially for heavy duty vehicles, where drivers/operators are exposed to much severer vibrations than those in passenger vehicles due to a harsh working environment, operating conditions, and long hour driving, etc. Seat suspension systems can effectively help to suppress the high magnitude vibration transmitted to drivers with relatively simple structure and low cost, and hence are widely adopted in heavy duty vehicles. This book helps researchers and engineers to have a comprehensive understanding of the seat suspension system and to conduct in-depth studies on seat suspension design and control; this book covers a wide range of perspectives about seat suspension design and control methods. - Describes the variable damping, variable stiffness, and, especially, variable inertance seat suspensions - Provides the advanced and comprehensive knowledge about semi-active vibration control - Introduces the multiple-DOF seat suspension - Includes the innovative hybrid seat suspension and nonlinear seat suspension - All the introduced designs have been prototyped and experimentally validated - Provides Matlab Simulation programming codes
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