In modern days, Nanotechnology is in wide use in various domains of scientific science. It deals with the Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, among other scientific disciplines. The synthesis of nanomaterials is of current interest due to their wide variety of applications in fields such as electronics, photonics, catalysis, medicine, etc. The applications of nanotechnology are growing owing to the fact that matter at the nanometer scale has different properties as compared with the bulk state. For this reason, many research groups around the world are trying new methods of synthesis of different materials at the nanoscale. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been the matters of researchers due to their unique properties (e.g. size and shape depending optical, antimicrobial, and electrical properties).
Pakistan and its neighboring counties contain all recognized kinds of most important plate boundaries as well as important dynamic intra-plate twists. Understanding the tectonics in this multifaceted area has been delayed by a relative lack of data and the difficulty of geologic and tectonic troubles. Even with the raise in the quantity of data in the past few years, the complications of the area need a multidirectional approach to cope with the geology and tectonics. Thus, in order to assemble huge, multidirectional data sets with varying superiority and resolution, this study takes on a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach to see at these troubles in a comprehensive and exceptional way. In this study, the authors compile maps of surficial tectonic features and deepness of the Moho, Pn velocities and Pg velocities for Pakistan and explain a cross-section means to work with data in a GIS format.
This book explores in detail the proposition that (private) morality, especially religious morality, is vital for achieving economic well-being and human happiness; and that this linkage would be even stronger in an Islamic economy. The book highlights the need for an active interaction between religion, morality and economics in general and in an (idealized) Islamic economy in particular. Professor Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi has an MA from Yale University and a PhD from Princeton University. He did his post-doctoral work at Harvard University.
A Tulip in the Desert is the story of Amina, a nine year old girl from a small village in the Waziristan region of northern Pakistan who lives in an extended family system. Amina narrates the next ten years of her tremulous life, opening a window into the enigmatic society of ultra-conservative Waziristan. Life there is particularly harsh for girls as they are kept fully guarded by their male relatives. As if life isn't harsh enough for her, she dares to pursue a passion that women in that "medieval society" are forbidden to even dream of. A new twist comes with the start of the American-Afghan war. Thousands of Afghani Taliban flood her village as refugees but soon start imposing their versions of Islamic laws and morality. Like many of their fellow villagers, Amina's family faces Taliban vengeance at one front and American drone bombing at the other. She describes how these events seal the fate of each member of her extended family and how they impact her in pursuit for her forbidden passion" --
Recent massacres of religious minorities in Pakistan have focused new attention on the predicament of minorities in a country that is generally perceived to be a homogeneous Muslim nation. In fact, besides five ethno-regional groups (Baloch, Muhajir, Punjabi, Pushtuns and Sindhis), there are numerous religious groups including Christians, Buddhists, Sikhs and Hindus, together with several smaller Islamic groups.Pakistan has been ruled by the military for much of its existence. The political use of religion by governments and a weak civil society pose enormous challenges for minorities in Pakistan. Non-Muslim minorities and women in Pakistan are subject to harsh religious laws, while some minority Muslim groups face similar forms of discrimination. Constitutional amendments and the Blasphemy Law have deprived minorities of religious freedom and violated their rights as citizens. In addition, the decision of the current military regime to join the US-led coalition against terrorism has provoked popular resentment and an internal backlash by extremist groups with renewed violence against minorities.This report aims to enhance understanding of religious minorities in Pakistan and increase awareness of the need for the protection of minority and gender-based rights across communities. With a general election due this year, this report is timely and of direct relevance to both the international community and agencies concerned with Pakistan.
Islamic Law in Modern Courts provides an easily accessible introduction to Islamic law written specifically for law students and legal professionals, and designed to be taught not only by Islamic law specialists, but also by those working in related fields such as law and religion or comparative legal systems. Framed as a casebook, the text uses translations of judicial decisions involving real-world legal disputes to present a picture of Islamic law as it is actually applied in the contemporary world. The casebook draws on material from a variety of countries but focuses primarily on two jurisdictions. Cases from Indonesia exemplify the law of the majority Sunni branch of Islam, while cases from Iraq reflect the influence of both Sunni and Shi’a law. The casebook begins with a brief introduction to the religion of Islam and the sources, methods, and historical development of Islamic law. Four substantive law chapters cover the main subjects over which Islamic law continues to exert significant influence. These include inheritance law, the law of marriage and divorce, Islamic finance and charitable foundations, and Islamic criminal law. A final chapter examines constitutional adjudication of issues related to Islamic law. Key Features: Examines Islamic law as state law that is enforced by national courts but with roots in and ongoing connections with the rich classical tradition. Designed for use by both experts in Islamic law as well as faculty who have an interest in Islamic law but lack extensive background in the subject. Cases are accompanied by commentary that explains and situates the doctrine applied in the decision and suggests questions for classroom discussion. The five substantive law chapters are self-contained units that permit instructors to design a course that focuses on subject areas of particular interest.
This book is about the Muharam practices of the Shi’i community in the Tri-State area, what it's practices are, and what the future of these practices are in the American milieu. It seeks to analyze through ethnography what each of the cultural communities are and how does this play out in the wider American Shi’i culture.
I am the city of knowledge and Ali is its door. Translated in Arabic: Ana madina tul-elmwa Ali Babuha. What this profound saying of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) means is that whoever desires knowledge, let him/her enter the door of knowledge. This famous saying of the prophet shows the unique place given to Imam Ali by the Prophet, who married the Prophets daughter Bibi Fatima and was also cousin to the Holy Prophet; Abdul Mutalib was their common grandfather.
In 2005, Iraq drafted its first constitution and held the country’s first democratic election in more than fifty years. Even under ideal conditions, drafting a constitution can be a prolonged process marked by contentious debate, and conditions in Iraq are far from ideal: Iraq has long been racked by ethnic and sectarian conflict, which intensified following the American invasion and continues today. This severe division, which often erupted into violence, would not seem to bode well for the fate of democracy. So how is it that Iraq was able to surmount its sectarianism to draft a constitution that speaks to the conflicting and largely incompatible ideological view of the Sunnis, Shi’ah, and Kurds? Haider Ala Hamoudi served in 2009 as an adviser to Iraq’s Constitutional Review Committee, and he argues here that the terms of the Iraqi Constitution are sufficiently capacious to be interpreted in a variety of ways, allowing it to appeal to the country’s three main sects despite their deep disagreements. While some say that this ambiguity avoids the challenging compromises that ultimately must be made if the state is to survive, Hamoudi maintains that to force these compromises on issues of central importance to ethnic and sectarian identity would almost certainly result in the imposition of one group’s views on the others. Drawing on the original negotiating documents, he shows that this feature of the Constitution was not an act of evasion, as is sometimes thought, but a mark of its drafters’ awareness in recognizing the need to permit the groups the time necessary to develop their own methods of working with one another over time.
Mulla Sadra: His Eschatology and Transcendent Philosophy is a work that seeks to analyze Mullah Sadras theory of afterlife through his divine philosophy. The main works of Sadra used in this regard are his Asfar al-Arbaah and Risalah fi al-Hashr. The idea is upheld that there tis a nexus between Mulla Sadras belief in the afterlife and his four spiritual journeys. Indeed there would be a gaping hole in his philosophy if one did not take eschatology into consideration. Indeed in any divine philosophy, there is a void that needs to be filled if one does not take eschatology into consideration. Mullah Sadra belonged to the mutaaliiyah school of philosophy. His life can be divided into three phases, one being the phase where he sought to reach academic heights, the second being his stage of reclusion, and the final being his return to the academic field and his teaching. As is the case of all of his work, these two works belong to the third phase of his life.
As argued throughout this paper, in order to understand the complex reasons behind the lack of India–Pakistan NDS it is important to examine the causes of the enmity between them, the product of a historic rivalry largely based on territorial disputes. Whereas the United States and the former Soviet Union achieved relative stability at the nuclear level, their disdain for one another was channeled through proxy wars that increased instability at the sub-conventional level, as exemplified by the protracted Vietnam War. India and Pakistan, however, are locked into instability at the nuclear, conventional and sub-conventional levels, a situation made worse by their close geographical proximity and ongoing disputes over natural resources. In reality, the the small steps Delhi and Islamabad have taken over the last three decades – namely the half-hearted implementation of various confidence building measures (CBM) – have done little to promote NDS. The study identifies four prominent factors which could potentially improve India–Pakistan NDS: increased regional economic integration; domestic politics in favor of détente; a precedent of successful treaties; and the involvement of external arbiters in reducing South Asian nuclear deterrence instability.
This book is about the final rites and processes of Muslims and their families. It takes on the philosophical and psychological perspectives of death and dying for the families of the deceased. Every Chaplain needs a chaplain. We all need counseling at some time in our lives, and this is particularly true for pastoral counseling. This book also deals with the jurisprudential and moral considerations for the end of life processes for Muslims.
The Sunni-Shi'a schism is often framed as a dispute over the identity of the successor to Muhammad. In reality, however, this fracture only materialized a century later in the important southern Iraqi city of Kufa (present-day Najaf). This book explores the birth and development of Shi'i identity. Through a critical analysis of legal texts, whose provenance has only recently been confirmed, the study shows how the early Shi'a carved out independent religious and social identities through specific ritual practices and within separate sacred spaces. In this way, the book addresses two seminal controversies in the study of early Islam, namely the dating of Kufan Shi'i identity and the means by which the Shi'a differentiated themselves from mainstream Kufan society. This is an important, original and path-breaking book that marks a significant development in the study of early Islamic society.
During the formative period of Islam, in the first centuries after Muhammad's death, two particular intellectual traditions emerged, Sunnism and Shi'ism. Sunni Muslims endorsed the historical caliphate, while Shi'i Muslims, supporters of 'Ali, cousin of the Prophet and the fourth caliph, articulated their own distinctive doctrines. The Sunni-Shi'i schism is often framed as a dispute over the identity of the successor to Muhammad, whereas in reality, Sunni and Shi'i Muslims also differ on a number of seminal theological doctrines concerning the nature of God and legitimate political and religious authority. This book examines the development of Shi'i Islam through the lenses of belief, narrative, and memory. It also covers a wide range of Shi'i communities from the demographically predominant Twelvers to the transnational Isma'ilis to the scholar-activist Zaydis. The portrait of Shi'ism that emerges is that of a distinctive and vibrant community of Muslims with a remarkable capacity for reinvention and adaptation, grounded in a unique theological interpretation of Islam.
The book Lucknow Imprints: A Poetic and Historical Account of the Golden City of the East is about Lucknow – the history of Lucknow, the lineage of Nawabs, the Revolt, the cuisines, the poetry, the monuments and the experiences of people of Lucknow in the city. The book is unique as it is rendered in dialogue form by two women (the two authors) hailing from Lucknow, who talk about the city in their own style, reminiscing over memories and gradually unfolding their feelings for the city. Dr. Sanobar Haider discusses the history of the city, while Dr. Shweta Mishra “shawryaa” indulges in Shayari and poetry which are naturally inspired by the city. The book blends literary and historical facets to create a peculiar feel, which talks about Lucknow with all its smells, tastes and sounds.
Written to help companies comply with GMP, GLP, and validation requirements imposed by the FDA and regulatory bodies worldwide, Quality Control Training Manual: Comprehensive Training Guide for API, Finished Pharmaceutical and Biotechnologies Laboratories presents cost-effective training courses that cover how to apply advances in the life sciences
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