Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2017 in the subject Law - Criminal process, Criminology, Law Enforcement, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: Close proximity to the major production zones, porous borderlands, mountainous frontiers and long coastlines offer advantageous conditions for trafficking narcotics. The illicit drug situation has become much more complex in Vietnam with the growth in amphetamine-type stimulants production and trade. Even so, empirical research and analysis of the organization and operation of transnational narcotics trafficking (TransNT) remains limited. The purpose of this thesis is to present the first detailed inquiry into the nature of TransNT across the border between Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) and Vietnam using an exploratory approach which draws upon qualitative and quantitative methods. In particular, the thesis presents findings from case studies of cross-border trafficking between Vietnam and Lao PDR in the period of 2003-2013 combined with interview and survey data from criminal investigation police and drug-related crimes officers (CIPDRC) from six border provinces who are directly and indirectly involved in investigating these cases. The findings of this study indicate that drug markets in Vietnam are not controlled by monopolistic, hierarchical organizations or ‘cartels’. The structures of TransNT entities operating across the Lao-Vietnam border are small, based on family ties and fellow-countrymen relations, are fluid and loosely organized. They are very adaptable and sophisticated with diverse modus operandi and multiple divisions of labour. This presents particular challenges to law enforcement agencies (LAEs). This thesis questions to capacity of Vietnam’s police to enforce the government’s zero-tolerance anti-narcotics policy. The study highlights practical problems and specific barriers in combating TransNT. LEAs in Vietnam and Lao PDR operate without effective mechanisms to cooperate and share information. It is also the case that traffickers often have more sophisticated equipment at their disposal to help them avoid arrest. Police forces work within national structures and yet are faced with the task of combatting transnational crime. This reality affects law enforcement capacity at a national as well as regional level, but Association of the Southeast Asian Nations member states have yet to establish effective structures for dealing with this non-traditional security challenge. Based on these findings, therefore, the thesis proposes recommendations to enhancing the effectiveness of LEAs to combat TransNT between Vietnam and Lao PDR.
This book presents the first detailed inquiry into the nature of cross-border drug trafficking between Laos People’s Democratic Republic and Vietnam, using an exploratory approach. It draws upon qualitative and quantitative methods, case studies, interviews and survey data from criminal investigation police and drug-related crimes officers (CIPDRC) from six border provinces which are directly and indirectly involved in investigating these cross-border cases. The author demonstrates that drug markets in Vietnam are not controlled by monopolistic, hierarchical organizations or ‘cartels’ but small structures, based on family ties and fellow-countrymen relations, which are fluid and loosely organized. They are very adaptable and sophisticated with diverse modus operandi and multiple divisions of labour which present particular challenges to law enforcement agencies, which the author discusses.
This book presents the first detailed inquiry into the nature of cross-border drug trafficking between Laos People’s Democratic Republic and Vietnam, using an exploratory approach. It draws upon qualitative and quantitative methods, case studies, interviews and survey data from criminal investigation police and drug-related crimes officers (CIPDRC) from six border provinces which are directly and indirectly involved in investigating these cross-border cases. The author demonstrates that drug markets in Vietnam are not controlled by monopolistic, hierarchical organizations or ‘cartels’ but small structures, based on family ties and fellow-countrymen relations, which are fluid and loosely organized. They are very adaptable and sophisticated with diverse modus operandi and multiple divisions of labour which present particular challenges to law enforcement agencies, which the author discusses.
This field guide showcases the beauty and diversity of mangrove species throughout the Kien Giang Province. Its development has been a joint initiative between the Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve and Dr Norm Duke from the University of Queensland, Australia, who is an internationally recognised expert of mangrove taxonomy and ecology. The mangrove forests of Kien Giang form an important vegetative barrier that protect our communities, their households and valuable farming land from the impacts of a changing climate. It is anticipated that this field guide will be used for identification that will promote greater protection, increased propagation, as well as better appreciation of these species and the forests in which they occur. This publication will be an important resource for community, land managers, provincial staff and visitors alike.
Pham explores North Vietnam’s unique challenges and perspectives to provide a holistic understanding of the Vietnam War. Delving into the emotional, philosophical and cultural dimensions of Northern Vietnamese experiences, this book transcends mere military strategy to illuminate how these elements shaped the nation's identity, beliefs and self-conception. The book’s multifaceted approach fosters a deeper understanding of North Vietnam's wartime journey. Beginning with the 1954 division of Vietnam, it probes into the ideological battles and propaganda efforts of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and examines historical precedents, Communist ideology, and propaganda slogans. Drawing upon historical records, personal anecdotes and cultural insights, it offers readers an intimate chronicle of North Vietnam's odyssey. By focusing on the cultural, psychological and ideological dimensions of the DRV's struggle, it fills a gap in the existing literature surrounding Northern Vietnamese experiences and perspectives. A valuable resource for scholars, students, researchers and political scientists interested in the field of history, communication, war studies, peace and conflict studies, as well as the Vietnam War's historical and contemporary implications.
In Political Dynamics of Grassroots Democracy in Vietnam, Hai Hong Nguyen investigates the correlation between independent variables and grassroots democracy to demonstrate that grassroots democracy has created a mutually empowering mechanism for both the party-state and the peasantry.
Studies of the escalating tensions and competing claims in the South China Sea overwhelmingly focus on China and its increasingly assertive approach, while the position of the other claimants is overlooked. This book focuses on the attitude of Vietnam towards the South China Sea dispute. It examines the position from a historical perspective, shows how Vietnam’s position is affected by its wish to maintain good relations with China on a range of issues, and outlines how Vietnam has occasionally made overtures to both the United States and Japan in order to bolster its position, and considered the possibility, so far resisted, of taking China to formal arbitration under the auspices of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The book concludes by assessing the future prospects for Vietnam’s position in the dispute.
Agricultural products are one of Vietnam’s most important exports, contributing considerably to the overall export turnover of the country. Vietnam’s agricultural exports are easily affected by external factors. It is overly dependent on the Chinese market, and its agricultural products do not as yet meet strict global standards. Challenges facing Vietnam’s export of fruits and vegetables to the Chinese market include technical barriers, long risk assessment periods, restrictions on products exported through official quotas to the Chinese market, and frequent changes in China’s policy on border crossings. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of market diversification to this sector. To further develop its agricultural export sector, Vietnam needs to gather and consolidate information on import standards and guide its farmers on product quality requirements. Besides, efforts to gradually diversify its markets are essential for it to avoid being dependent on a small number of partners and markets. Vietnam’s participation in international organizations such as ASEAN, APEC, WTO, and AEC exemplifies its increasingly active efforts at seeking new development opportunities. The seventeen bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements which have been signed by Vietnam partly demonstrates efforts at achieving market diversification.
This work presents results from five years of research on microbial species in exotic and pristine locations in Asian countries, by contributors in food science, microbiology, and agricultural and environmental sciences in the UK, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Korea, and Philippines. Some microorganisms are described here for the first time. Specific topics include lactic acid bacteria in fermented foods in Southeast Asia, culture collection networks in Asia, high actinomycete diversity in the topical rainforests of Singapore, and engineering biphenyl dioxygenases to acquire wide degradation capabilities of polychlorinated biphenyls and aromatic hydrocarbons. The editor is affiliated with the Department of Microbiology at the National University of Singapore. c. Book News Inc.
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