This book is a study of polyandry, wife-selling, and a variety of related practices in China during the Qing dynasty (1644-1912). By analyzing over 1200 legal cases from local and central court archives, Matthew Sommer explores the functions played by marriage, sex, and reproduction in the survival strategies of the rural poor under conditions of overpopulation, worsening sex ratios, and shrinking farm sizes. Polyandry and wife-selling represented opposite ends of a spectrum of strategies. At one end, polyandry was a means to keep the family together by expanding it. A woman would bring in a second husband in exchange for his help supporting her family. In contrast, wife sale was a means to survive by breaking up a family: a husband would secure an emergency infusion of cash while his wife would escape poverty and secure a fresh start with another man. Even though Qing law prohibited both practices under the rubric "illicit sexual relations," Sommer shows how magistrates charged with propagating and enforcing a fundamentalist Confucian vision of female chastity tried to cope with their social reality in the face of daunting poverty. This contradiction illuminates both the pragmatism of routine adjudication and the increasingly dysfunctional nature of the dynastic state in the face of mounting social crisis. By casting a spotlight on the rural poor and the experiences of both men and women, Sommer provides an alternative to the standard paradigms of women’s history that have long dominated scholarship on gender and sexuality in late imperial China.
A practical guide for radiologists on providing high yield disease-specific reports Multiple studies show that referring physicians have a clear preference for structured radiology reports due to clarity and ease of interpretation, yet a one-size-fits all approach does not address disease complexities. Concurrently, the use of structured radiology templates has increased, driven in part by the need to comply with big data and artificial intelligence as well as reimbursement. Standardization of reporting is one of the first essential steps in the transformation of radiology from "the art of imaging" to a robust data science. Radiology Structured Reporting Handbook: Disease-Specific Templates and Interpretation Pearls by Professors Olga R. Brook, Wieland H. Sommer, and esteemed colleagues is a highly practical guide on structured reporting for every major area of radiology. Featuring disease-specific templates, the book is organized in six sections and 53 chapters. Section one covers core foundation topics, from different definitions of structured reporting and pros and cons to change management and how to build templates. Five disease-specific sections encompass specific cancers and a variety of abdominal, thoracic, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases and conditions. Key Highlights Downloadable disease-specific templates for a variety of clinical entities including cardiovascular, thoracic, abdominal, oncological, and neuroradiology Essential interpretation pearls for specific diseases from top experts in a bullet format, accompanied by relevant figures and tables Together, the templates and pearls provide an essential and unique practice resource for optimal and clinically relevant reporting. The book also serves as a succinct educational tool for radiology trainees and practicing radiologists who may not interpret specific highly specialized types of studies on a daily basis.
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