Guy H. Walker's Books

Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis

Practical Guidance and Case Study Applications

By: Paul M. Salmon,Neville A. Stanton,Michael Lenné,Daniel P. Jenkins,Laura Rafferty,Guy H. Walker

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Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis

Practical Guidance and Case Study Applications

By: Paul M. Salmon,Neville A. Stanton,Michael Lenné,Daniel P. Jenkins,Laura Rafferty,Guy H. Walker

This book provides an overview of, and practical guidance on, the range of human factors (HF) methods that can be used for the purposes of accident analysis and investigation in complex sociotechnical systems. Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis begins with an overview of different accident causation models and an introduction to the concepts of accident analysis and investigation. It then presents a discussion focussing on the importance of, and difficulties associated with, collecting appropriate data for accident analysis purposes. Following this, a range of HF-based accident analysis methods are described, as well as step-by-step guidance on how to apply them. To demonstrate how the different methods are applied, and what the outputs are, the book presents a series of case study applications across a range of safety critical domains. It concludes with a chapter focussing on the data challenges faced when collecting, coding and analysing accident data, along with future directions in the area. Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis is the first book to offer a practical guide for investigators, practitioners and researchers wishing to apply accident analysis methods. It is also unique in presenting a series of novel applications of accident analysis methods, including HF methods not previously used for these purposes (e.g. EAST, critical path analysis), as well as applications of methods in new domains.

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368

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CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317120124

ISBN 13

9781317120124

Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

By: Daniel P. Jenkins,Neville A. Stanton,Guy H. Walker

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Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

By: Daniel P. Jenkins,Neville A. Stanton,Guy H. Walker

Complex sociotechnical systems' are systems made up of numerous interacting parts, both human and non-human, operating in dynamic, ambiguous and safety critical domains. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is a structured framework specifically developed for considering the development and analysis of these complex socio-technical systems. Unlike many human factors approaches, CWA does not focus on how human-system interaction should proceed (normative modelling) or how human-system interaction currently works (descriptive modelling). Instead, through a focus on constraints, it develops a model of how work can be conducted within a given work domain, without explicitly identifying specific sequences of actions (formative modelling). The framework leads the analyst to consider the environment the task takes place within, and the effect of the imposed constraints on the way work can be conducted. It provides guidance through the process of answering the questions of why the system exists, what activities can be conducted within the domain as well as how these activities can be achieved, and who can perform them. The first part of the book contains a comprehensive description of CWA, introducing it to the uninitiated. It then presents a number of applications in complex military domains to explore and develop the benefits of CWA. Unlike much of the previous literature, particular attention is placed on exploring the CWA framework in its entirety. This holistic approach focuses on the system environment, the activity that takes place within it, the strategies used to conduct this activity, the way in which the constituent parts of the system (both human and non-human) interact and the behaviour required. Each stage of this analysis identifies the constraints governing the system; it is contended that through this holistic understanding of constraints, recommendations can be made for the design of system interaction; increasing the ability of users to cope with unanticipated, unexpected situations. This book discusses the applicability of the approach in system analysis, development and evaluation. It provides process to what was previously a loosely defined framework.

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434

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CRC Press

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ISBN 10

1317164709

ISBN 13

9781317164708

Command and Control: The Sociotechnical Perspective

By: Guy H Walker,Neville A. Stanton,Daniel P. Jenkins

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Command and Control: The Sociotechnical Perspective

By: Guy H Walker,Neville A. Stanton,Daniel P. Jenkins

Military command and control is not merely evolving, it is co-evolving. Technology is creating new opportunities for different types of command and control, and new types of command and control are creating new aspirations for technology. The question is how to manage this process, how to achieve a jointly optimised blend of socio and technical and create the kind of agility and self-synchronisation that modern forms of command and control promise. The answer put forward in this book is to re-visit sociotechnical systems theory. In doing so, the problems of 21st century command and control can be approached from an alternative, multi-disciplinary and above all human-centred perspective. Human factors (HF) is also co-evolving. The traditional conception of the field is to serve as a conduit for knowledge between engineering and psychology yet 21st century command and control presents an altogether different challenge. Viewing military command and control through the lens of sociotechnical theory forces us to confront difficult questions about the non-linear nature of people and technology: technology is changing, from platform centric to network centric; the interaction with that technology is changing, from prescribed to exploratory; and complexity is increasing, from behaviour that is linear to that which is emergent. The various chapters look at this transition and draw out ways in which sociotechnical systems theory can help to understand it. The sociotechnical perspective reveals itself as part of a conceptual toolkit through which military command and control can be transitioned, from notions of bureaucratic, hierarchical ways of operating to the devolved, agile, self-synchronising behaviour promised by modern forms of command and control like Network Enabled Capability (NEC). Sociotechnical system theory brings with it a sixty year legacy of practical application and this real-world grounding in business process re-engineering underlies the entire book. An attempt has been made to bring a set of sometimes abstract (but no less useful) principles down to the level of easy examples, design principles, evaluation criteria and actionable models. All of these are based on an extensive review of the current state of the art, new sociotechnical/NEC studies conducted by the authors, and insights derived from field studies of real-life command and control. Time and again, what emerges is a realisation that the most agile, self-synchronising component of all in command and control settings is the human.

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342

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CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317164040

ISBN 13

9781317164043

The Human Factors of Fratricide

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Neville A Stanton

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The Human Factors of Fratricide

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Neville A Stanton

Fratricide has been defined as firing on your own forces, when mistaking them for enemy forces, which results in injury or death. Rates of fratricide incidence have been steadily increasing and the complexity of the contemporary operating environment may lead to a continuation of this trend. Although the majority of research into fratricide has focused on the development of technological decision aids, recent explorations highlight the need to emphasise the social aspects within a socio-technical framework. This book presents and validates, via the use of case studies, a model of teamwork and decision-making factors that are associated with incidents of fratricide. In summary, it offers a review and evaluation of contemporary theoretical perspectives on teamwork and fratricide, as well as a range of accident analysis approaches. A novel theory of fratricide is then presented followed by a new methodology for assessing fratricide. Naturalistic case studies of teams are undertaken in the military domain. These studies illustrate the approach and offer early validation evidence. In closing, the book presents a series of principles designed to reduce the likelihood of fratricide in the future.

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377

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409456358

ISBN 13

9781409456353

Human Factors Methods and Sports Science

A Practical Guide

By: Paul Salmon,Neville Anthony Stanton,Adam Gibbon,Daniel Jenkins,Guy H. Walker

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Human Factors Methods and Sports Science

A Practical Guide

By: Paul Salmon,Neville Anthony Stanton,Adam Gibbon,Daniel Jenkins,Guy H. Walker

During the course of any sporting event, critical cognitive and physical tasks are performed within a dynamic, complex, collaborative system comprising multiple humans and artifacts, under pressurized, complex, and rapidly changing conditions. Highly skilled, well-trained individuals walk a fine line between task success and failure, with only slig

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376

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CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1420072188

ISBN 13

9781420072181

Systems Thinking in Practice

Applications of the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Method

By: Neville A. Dr. Stanton,Paul Dr. Salmon,Guy H. Dr. Walker

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Systems Thinking in Practice

Applications of the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Method

By: Neville A. Dr. Stanton,Paul Dr. Salmon,Guy H. Dr. Walker

This book presents the latest developments of Systems Thinking in Practice to the analysis and design of complex sociotechnical systems. The Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method is applied to micro, meso and macro systems. Written by experts in the field, this text covers a diverse range of domains, including: automation, aviation, energy grid distribution, military command and control, road and rail transportation, sports, and urban planning. Extensions to the EAST method are presented along with future directions for the approach. Illustrates a contemporary review of the status of Distributed Cognition (DCOG) Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Discusses the metrics for the examination of social, task, and information networks Provides comparison of alternative networks with implications for design of DCOG in systems

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298

Publisher

CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1351598848

ISBN 13

9781351598842

Distributed Situation Awareness in Road Transport

Theory, Measurement, and Application to Intersection Design

By: Paul M. Salmon,Gemma Jennie Megan Read,Guy H. Walker,Michael G. Lenné,Neville A. Stanton

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Distributed Situation Awareness in Road Transport

Theory, Measurement, and Application to Intersection Design

By: Paul M. Salmon,Gemma Jennie Megan Read,Guy H. Walker,Michael G. Lenné,Neville A. Stanton

How can we design transport environments that cater to the situation awareness needs of different end-users? This book answers this question by showcasing how state-of-the-art human factors theory and methods can be used to understand how situation awareness differs across drivers, cyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians and creates new designs that cater to these diverse situation awareness needs. Written by experts in the field and based on a major program of work funded by the Australian Research Council, this book outlines the distributed situation awareness model and provides practical guidance on how to study situation awareness naturalistically and how to create designs that support, rather than hinder, situation awareness. The book closes by outlining outline a generic framework to support similar applications in other areas, and discusses future applications in areas such as vehicle automation, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. Features Challenges traditional road safety analysis, design processes and conventions Outlines a novel on-road study methodology for analyzing naturalistic interactions among drivers, cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians Presents a review of state-of-the-art situation awareness theory and methods Provides practical guidance on a series of human factors methods Describes a framework to support the design of transport environments Evaluates new intersection concepts that encompass features designed to prevent collisions at intersections

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255

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317054571

ISBN 13

9781317054573

Vehicle Feedback and Driver Situation Awareness

By: Guy H. Walker,Neville A. Stanton,Paul M. Salmon

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Vehicle Feedback and Driver Situation Awareness

By: Guy H. Walker,Neville A. Stanton,Paul M. Salmon

A potentially troubling aspect of modern vehicle design – some would argue - is a trend for isolating the driver and reducing vehicle feedback, usually in the name of comfort and refinement but increasingly because of automation. There is little doubt cars have become more civilised over the years, yet despite this, the consequences of driver behaviour remain to a large extent anecdotal. Readers will have heard such anecdotes for themselves. They usually take the form of drivers of a certain age recalling their first cars from the 1970s or 80s, in which "doing 70 mph really felt like it". The question is whether such anecdotes actually reflect a bigger, more significant issue that could be better understood. Related questions have been explored in other domains such as aviation, where the change to ‘fly-by-wire’ did indeed bring about some occasionally serious performance issues that were not anticipated. Despite some clear parallels, automotive systems have been left relatively unstudied. The research described in this book aims to explore precisely these issues from a Human Factors perspective. This means connecting the topics of vehicle feel, vehicle dynamics, and automotive engineering with the latest research on driver situation awareness. The problem is explored experimentally from a variety of theoretical viewpoints but the outcomes are consistently practical. Here we have a promising new avenue along which the driver experience can be enhanced in novel and insightful ways. Tools and templates are provided so that engineers and designers can try different ways to boost vehicle safety, efficiency and enjoyment from a human-centered perspective. Association of American Publishers (AAP) Finalist for the 2019 PROSE Award Features Diagnosis of how vehicle feel impacts driver situation awareness, and how this could aid future vehicle designs Multi-theory approach to driver situation awareness, and how different views of this important concept give rise to different insights Comprehensive analysis of situation awareness in driving, the information requirements of drivers, and how these needs can be supported Practical descriptions of how state-of-science Human Factors methods have been applied in practice

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Page Count

313

Publisher

CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317147847

ISBN 13

9781317147848

Handbook of Systems Thinking Methods

By: Paul M. Salmon,Neville A. Stanton,Guy H. Walker,Adam Hulme,Natassia Goode,Jason Thompson,Gemma J.M. Read

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Handbook of Systems Thinking Methods

By: Paul M. Salmon,Neville A. Stanton,Guy H. Walker,Adam Hulme,Natassia Goode,Jason Thompson,Gemma J.M. Read

The systems thinking philosophy has become popular in human factors and ergonomics and safety science. These methods are being used to understand and resolve complex societal problems in areas such as transport safety, workplace safety, medication error, disaster management, child abuse, financial crises, terrorism, climate change and public health and wellbeing. This handbook presents practical step-by-step guidance for practitioners and researchers wishing to use these methods to tackle complex problems. Each method includes an example case study which demonstrates how the method can be applied and how the results can be interpreted and translated into practical recommendations. The book presents practical guidance on state-of-the-art systems thinking methods and offers case study applications describing systems thinking methods in novel areas. It explains how to translate the outputs of systems thinking methods in practice and introduces systems thinking with an overview of Human Factors and Ergonomics applications. This book will serve as a great reference for students and engineers in the field of systems engineering, complex systems and the design and development of systems, including ergonomics/human factors and systems engineers, designers, architects, industrial engineers, project management engineers, reliability engineers, risk engineers, software engineers and computer engineers.

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331

Publisher

CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1000602761

ISBN 13

9781000602760

Distributed Situation Awareness

Theory, Measurement and Application to Teamwork

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

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Distributed Situation Awareness

Theory, Measurement and Application to Teamwork

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

Having an accurate understanding of what is going on is a key commodity for teams working within military systems. 'Situation awareness' (SA) is the term that is used within human factors circles to describe the level of awareness that operators have of the situation that they are engaged in; it focuses on how operators develop and maintain a sufficient understanding of 'what is going on' in order to achieve success in task performance. Over the past two decades, the construct has become a fundamental theme within the areas of system design and evaluation and has received considerable attention from the human factors research community. Despite this, there is still considerable debate over how SA operates in complex collaborative systems and how SA achievement and maintenance is best supported through system, procedure and interface design. This book focuses on the recently developed concept of distributed situation awareness, which takes a systems perspective on the concept and moves the focus on situation awareness out of the heads of individual operators and on to the overall joint cognitive system consisting of human and technological agents. Situation awareness is viewed as an emergent property of collaborative systems, something that resides in the interaction between elements of the system and not in the heads of individual operators working in that system. The first part of the book presents a comprehensive review and critique of existing SA theory and measurement approaches, following which a novel model for complex collaborative systems, the distributed SA model, and a new modelling procedure, the propositional network approach, are outlined and demonstrated. The next part focuses on real-world applications of the model and modelling procedure, and presents four case studies undertaken in the land warfare, multinational warfare and energy distribution domains. Each case study is described in terms of the domain in question, the methodology employed, and the findings derived in relation to situation awareness theory. The third and final part of the book then concentrates on theoretical development, and uses the academic literature and the findings from the case study applications to validate and extend the distributed SA model described at the beginning of the book. In closing, the utility of the distributed SA model and modeling procedure are outlined and a series of initial guidelines for supporting distributed SA through system design are articulated.

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434

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Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409486125

ISBN 13

9781409486121

Digitising Command and Control

A Human Factors and Ergonomics Analysis of Mission Planning and Battlespace Management

By: Neville A. Stanton,Daniel P. Jenkins,Paul M. Salmon,Guy H. Walker,Kirsten M. A. Revell,Laura A. Rafferty

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Digitising Command and Control

A Human Factors and Ergonomics Analysis of Mission Planning and Battlespace Management

By: Neville A. Stanton,Daniel P. Jenkins,Paul M. Salmon,Guy H. Walker,Kirsten M. A. Revell,Laura A. Rafferty

This book presents a human factors and ergonomics evaluation of a digital Mission Planning and Battle-space Management (MP/BM) system. An emphasis was placed on the activities at the Brigade (Bde) and the Battle Group (BG) headquarters (HQ) levels. The analysts distributed their time evenly between these two locations. The human factors team from Brunel University, as part of the HFI DTC, undertook a multi-faceted approach to the investigation, including: - observation of people using the traditional analogue MP/BM processes in the course of their work - cognitive work analysis of the digital MP/BM system - analysis of the tasks and goal structure required by the digital MP/BM - assessment against a usability questionnaire - analysis of the distributed situation awareness - an environmental survey. The book concludes with a summary of the research project's findings and offers many valuable insights. For example, the recommendations for short-term improvements in the current generation of digital MP/BM system address general design improvements, user-interface design improvements, hardware improvements, infrastructure improvements and support improvements. In looking forward to the next generation digital MP/BM systems, general human factors design principles are presented and human factors issues in digitising mission planning are considered.

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Page Count

400

Publisher

CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317150600

ISBN 13

9781317150602

Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology

By: GUY H WALKER,Neville A. Stanton

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Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology

By: GUY H WALKER,Neville A. Stanton

Offering a unique perspective on vehicle design and on new developments in vehicle technology, this book seeks to bridge the gap between engineers, who design and build cars, and human factors, as a body of knowledge with considerable value in this domain. The work that forms the basis of the book represents more than 40 years of experience by the authors. Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology imparts the authors' scientific background in human factors by way of actionable design guidance, combined with a set of case studies highly relevant to current technological challenges in vehicle design. The book presents a novel and accessible insight into a body of knowledge that will enable students, professionals and engineers to add significant value to their work.

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503

Publisher

CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317120272

ISBN 13

9781317120278

Human Factors Methods

A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design

By: Dr Chris Baber,Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Paul M Salmon,Professor Neville A Stanton

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Human Factors Methods

A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design

By: Dr Chris Baber,Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Paul M Salmon,Professor Neville A Stanton

This second edition of Human Factors Methods: A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design now presents 107 design and evaluation methods including numerous refinements to those that featured in the original. The book acts as an ergonomics methods manual, aiding both students and practitioners. Offering a 'how-to' text on a substantial range of ergonomics methods, the eleven sections represent the different categories of ergonomics methods and techniques that can be used in the evaluation and design process.

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Page Count

960

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1472408152

ISBN 13

9781472408150

Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design

Methods, Practical Guidance, and Applications

By: Nicholas J. Stevens,Paul M. Salmon,Guy H. Walker,Neville A. Stanton

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Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design

Methods, Practical Guidance, and Applications

By: Nicholas J. Stevens,Paul M. Salmon,Guy H. Walker,Neville A. Stanton

The integration of Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design (LUP & UD) is an exciting and emerging interdisciplinary field. This book offers practical guidance on a range of Human Factors methods that can be used to rigorously and reliably explore LUP & UD. It provides new ways to interpret urban space and detail context sensitive analysis for the interpretation and design of our surroundings. The methodologies outlined allow for the consideration of the technical aspects of the built environment with the necessary experience and human centered approaches to our urban and regional settings. This book describes 30 Human Factors methods for use in the LUP & UD context. While it explores theory, it also focuses on the question of what Human Factors methods are; their advantages and disadvantages; step-by-step guidance on how to carry them out; and case studies to guide the reader. Describes the practice and processes associated with urban and regional strategic planning Constructed so that students, practitioners, and researchers with an interest in one particular area of Human Factors can read the chapters independently from one another

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289

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CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317120248

ISBN 13

9781317120247

Systems Thinking Methods in Sport

Practical Guidance and Case Study Applications

By: Scott Mclean,Mitchell Naughton,Gemma Read,Neville A. Stanton,Adam Hulme,Guy Walker,Paul Salmon

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Systems Thinking Methods in Sport

Practical Guidance and Case Study Applications

By: Scott Mclean,Mitchell Naughton,Gemma Read,Neville A. Stanton,Adam Hulme,Guy Walker,Paul Salmon

Sport is increasingly being described as a complex system. This inherent complexity cannot be understood by examining components in isolation; rather, the system as a whole should represent the unit of analysis. Systems thinking is the answer to understanding this complexity and is gaining traction in sport. Systems thinking provides a philosophy and a set of associated methods which can be used to understand and optimise the behaviour of complex systems, such as those inherent within sport. This book presents, for the first time, a practical guide to applying contemporary systems thinking methods in sport as well as case study applications demonstrating how their outputs can be translated in practice. The methods described in this book can be used for better understanding the systemic influences in a broad range of sport contexts, including performance, injury, team functioning, decision‐making, adverse incidents, sports organisation design and redesign, technology implementation, and proactive risk assessments. Systems Thinking Methods in Sport provides a practical step‐by‐step guide for sports practitioners and stakeholders, as well as university students and academics in applying state‐of‐the‐art systems thinking methods to sport.

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296

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Published Date

ISBN 10

1040090885

ISBN 13

9781040090886

Command and Control

The Sociotechnical Perspective

By: Guy Walker

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Command and Control

The Sociotechnical Perspective

By: Guy Walker

Military command and control is not merely evolving, it is co-evolving. Technology is creating new opportunities for different types of command and control, and new types of command and control are creating new aspirations for technology. The question is how to manage this process, how to achieve a jointly optimised blend of the social and the technical and create the kind of agility and self-synchronisation that modern forms of command and control promise. The answer put forward in this book is to re-visit the classical sociotechnical systems theory. Human Factors (HF) is also co-evolving. The traditional conception of the field is to serve as a conduit for knowledge between engineering and psychology, yet 21st century command and control presents an altogether different challenge. Viewing military command and control through the lens of sociotechnical theory forces us to confront difficult questions about the non-linear nature of people and technology. The sociotechnical perspective reveals itself as part of a conceptual toolkit through which military command and control can be transitioned, from notions of bureaucratic, hierarchical ways of operating to the devolved, agile, self-synchronising behaviour promised by modern forms of command and control like Network Enabled Capability (NEC). Sociotechnical system theory brings with it a sixty year legacy of practical application and this real-world grounding in business process re-engineering underlies the entire book. This book transforms a set of abstract principles down to the level of easy examples, design principles, evaluation criteria and actionable models. All of these are based on an extensive review of the current state of the art, new sociotechnical-NEC studies conducted by the authors, and insights derived from field studies of real-life command and control. Time and again, what emerges is a realisation that the most agile and self-synchronising component of all in command and control settings are the people.

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Page Count

198

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing Company

Published Date

ISBN 10

0754672654

ISBN 13

9780754672654

Book's by Guy H. Walker

Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis

Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis

Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

Command and Control: The Sociotechnical Perspective

Command and Control: The Sociotechnical Perspective

The Human Factors of Fratricide

The Human Factors of Fratricide

Human Factors Methods and Sports Science

Human Factors Methods and Sports Science

Systems Thinking in Practice

Systems Thinking in Practice

Distributed Situation Awareness in Road Transport

Distributed Situation Awareness in Road Transport

Vehicle Feedback and Driver Situation Awareness

Vehicle Feedback and Driver Situation Awareness

Handbook of Systems Thinking Methods

Handbook of Systems Thinking Methods

Distributed Situation Awareness

Distributed Situation Awareness

Digitising Command and Control

Digitising Command and Control

Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology

Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology

Human Factors Methods

Human Factors Methods

Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design

Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design

Systems Thinking Methods in Sport

Systems Thinking Methods in Sport

Command and Control

Command and Control

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