Gustav Le Bon's The Crowd is not only a classic, but one of the best-selling scientific books in social psychology and collective behavior ever written. Here, Le Bon analyzes the nature of crowds and their role in political movements. He presents crowd behavior as a problem of science and power, a natural phenomenon with practical implications. Originally published in 1895, Le Bon's was the first to expand the scope of inquiry beyond criminal crowds to include all possible kinds of collective phenomena. Its continuing significance is evident even in the Los Angeles riots of 1992 in which Le Bon's theories were citedin testimony. Le Bon emphasizes the various areas of modern life where crowd behavior holds sway, particularly political upheavals. He focuses on electoral campaigns, parliaments, juries, labor agitation, and street demonstrations. At the same tune, his treatment of crowds is far from complimentary. He likens crowds to "primitive beings," social formations barkening back to the evolutionary origins of humankind. Le Bon believed that ideas and images spread through a crowd by means of contagion, an automatic process that produces a state of transitory madness in its victims, extinguishing reason and will. Yet he does more than dwell on the pathologies of crowd life; he also writes of the heroism, the generosity, and the sacrifices of crowds, of the indispensable roles they have played in erecting the pillars of modern civilization. In a new introduction to this edition, Robert Nye presents a broad analytical understanding of the relationship between power and knowledge hi crowd theory. He also discusses the historical circumstances and the various personalities who have shaped our understanding of crowds. Nye emphasizes The Crowd's continuing usefulness to cultural historians, psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists. He also places Le Bon in a rich tradition of European social theory.
In The Crowd, Le Bon examines the various characteristics of crowd psychology: "impulsiveness, irritability, incapacity to reason, the absence of judgment of the critical spirit, the exaggeration of sentiments, and others..." He believes "that an individual immersed for some length of time in a crowd soon finds himself - either in consequence of magnetic influence given out by the crowd or from some other cause of which we are ignorant - in a special state, which much resembles the state of fascination in which the hypnotized individual finds himself in the hands of the hypnotizer.." This Crowd Psychology has been applied to modern investing, product development and social media development. Gustave Le Bon was a French social psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist. His writings incorporate theories of national traits, herd behavior and crowd psychology. He is best known for this work, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.
Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931) was a French thinker, considered the founder of Social Psychology. Le Bon was a polymath, a scholar who traversed diverse areas, but became famous for his approach to social psychology. He wrote numerous works on the subject, among which stand out: " Psychology of Crowds: A Study of the Popular Mind" and "The Opinions and Beliefs." It would be hardly possible to study topics related to mass behavior without studying and relying on Gustave Le Bon's studies. In "Psychology of Crowds:" Le Bon suggests that crowds are like a servile herd and, therefore, they could not exist without the presence of a leader with a strong personality, well-defined beliefs, and a powerful will. The history of humanity shows, up to the present day, how masses prefer leaders with a strong personality over a consistent ideology, lucidity, management skills, among other qualities rare in politicians. Originally published in 1911, "Psycology of Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind" is an incredibly relevant work that helps the reader interpret much of what is happening in the USA politics, and many other countries, nowdays.
In his discussion of the general psychological causes of revolution, LeBon draws detailed illustrations of fundamental points from the French Revolution, especially the period from 1789 to 1800. LeBon's treatment of psychological causes is not confined to crowd actions or to the immediate descriptions of violent episodes in revolutions. He draws upon contemporary French clinical psychology to describe the pathological characteristics of the revolutionary leadership in France and explains many of the events of the period as a consequence of their influence.
The Psychology of Revolution is a discussion of religious, political, mental and emotional characteristics of the leaders of revolutions, with special consideration taken from French history. Examples of revolutionary movements also include political upheavals in Portugal, China, and Turkey. Gustave Le Bon was a French social psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist. His writings incorporate theories of national traits, herd behavior and crowd psychology. He is best known for his work The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind.
When renowned French sociologist GUSTAVE LE BON (1841-1931), who pioneered the field of mass psychology, took a fresh, scientific look at the subject of revolution-and in particular, the French Revolution-he stripped away legend and illusion to find the core reality. In this profound and insightful work, a replica of the 1913 edition, he explores the mob mentality of revolutionaries-religious, scientific, and political-examines the motives of their leaders, and discusses how new forms of democratic belief and practice arise from popular movements. Students of history and the human mind alike will find it a fascinating read. ALSO FROM COSIMO: Le Bon's The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind
The outbreak of World War I saw the collapse of socialist notions of class solidarity and reaffirmed the enduring strength of nationalism. The workers of the world did not unite, but turned on one another and slaughtered their fellows in what was then the bloodiest war in history. There have been many efforts to explain the outbreak of war in 1914, but few from so intimate a perspective as LeBon's. He examines such questions as why German scholars tried to deny Germany's obvious guilt in the war, and what explained the remarkable resolve of the French army to persevere in the face of unprecedented adversity. To such questions, LeBon proposes answers built upon principles well articulated in the larger body of his work. He transforms the character of the debate by demonstrating how psychological principles explain more persuasively both the causes of German academic ignominy and the origins of French valor. Convinced as he was that only psychology could illuminate collective behavior, LeBon dismisses purely economic or political interpretations as ill-conceived and inadequate precisely because they fail to appreciate the role of psychology in the collective behavior of national statesmen, prominent scholars, and ordinary soldiers. The Psychology of the Great War provides a bridge to study both crowd behavior and battlefield behavior by illustrating how ordinary people are transformed into savages by great events. This element in LeBon's thinking influenced Georges Sorel's thinking, as he had seen the same phenomenon in those who participated in general strikes and revolutions. And in a later period and different context, Hannah Arendt gave this strange capacity of the ordinary to be transformed into the extraordinary the name "banality of evil." The book will be of interest to social theorists, psychologists concerned with group behavior, and historians of the period.
Crowds, doubtless, are always unconscious, but this very unconsciousness is perhaps one of the secrets of their strength.' Gustave Le Bon gives insight into the general characteristics and mental unity of a crowd, its sentiments and morality, ideas, reasoning power, imagination, opinions and much more.
Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931) was a French thinker, considered the founder of Social Psychology. Le Bon was a polymath, a scholar who traversed diverse areas, but became famous for his approach to social psychology. He wrote numerous works on the subject, among which stand out: " Psychology of Crowds: A Study of the Popular Mind" and "The Opinions and Beliefs." It would be hardly possible to study topics related to mass behavior without studying and relying on Gustave Le Bon's studies. In "Psychology of Crowds:" Le Bon suggests that crowds are like a servile herd and, therefore, they could not exist without the presence of a leader with a strong personality, well-defined beliefs, and a powerful will. The history of humanity shows, up to the present day, how masses prefer leaders with a strong personality over a consistent ideology, lucidity, management skills, among other qualities rare in politicians. Originally published in 1911, "Psycology of Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind" is an incredibly relevant work that helps the reader interpret much of what is happening in the USA politics, and many other countries, nowdays.
In his discussion of the general psychological causes of revolution, LeBon draws detailed illustrations of fundamental points from the French Revolution, especially the period from 1789 to 1800. LeBon's treatment of psychological causes is not confined to crowd actions or to the immediate descriptions of violent episodes in revolutions. He draws upon contemporary French clinical psychology to describe the pathological characteristics of the revolutionary leadership in France and explains many of the events of the period as a consequence of their influence.
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