This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the analysis of functionally graded materials and structures. Functionally graded materials (FGMs), in which the volume fractions of two or more constituent materials are designed to vary continuously as a function of position along certain direction(s), have been developed and studied over the past three decades. The major advantage of FGMs is that no distinct internal boundaries exist, and failures from interfacial stress concentrations developed in conventional components can be avoided. The gradual change of material properties can be tailored to different applications and working environments. As these materials’ range of application expands, new methodologies have to be developed to characterize them, and to design and analyze structural components made of them. Despite a number of existing papers on the analysis of functionally graded materials and structures, there is no single book that is devoted entirely to the analysis of functionally graded beams, plates and shells using different methods, e.g.,analytical or semi-analytical methods. Filling this gap in the literature, the book offers a valuable reference resource for senior undergraduates, graduate students, researchers, and engineers in this field. The results presented here can be used as a benchmark for checking the validity and accuracy of other numerical solutions. They can also be used directly in the design of functionally graded materials and structures.
Actuarial loss models are statistical models used by insurance companies to estimate the frequency and severity of future losses, set premiums, and reserve funds to cover potential claims. Actuarial loss models are a subject in actuarial mathematics that focus on the pricing and reserving for short-term coverages. This is a concise textbook written for undergraduate students majoring in actuarial science who wish to learn the basics of actuarial loss models. This book can be used as a textbook for a one-semester course on actuarial loss models. The prerequisite for this book is a first course on calculus. The reader is supposed to be familiar with differentiation and integration. This book covers part of the learning outcomes of the Fundamentals of Actuarial Mathematics (FAM) exam and the Advanced Short-Term Actuarial Mathematics (ASTAM) exam administered by the Society of Actuaries. It can be used by actuarial students and practitioners who prepare for the aforementioned actuarial exams. Key Features: Review core concepts in probability theory. Cover important topics in actuarial loss models. Include worked examples. Provide both theoretical and numerical exercises. Include solutions of selected exercises.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the analysis of functionally graded materials and structures. Functionally graded materials (FGMs), in which the volume fractions of two or more constituent materials are designed to vary continuously as a function of position along certain direction(s), have been developed and studied over the past three decades. The major advantage of FGMs is that no distinct internal boundaries exist, and failures from interfacial stress concentrations developed in conventional components can be avoided. The gradual change of material properties can be tailored to different applications and working environments. As these materials’ range of application expands, new methodologies have to be developed to characterize them, and to design and analyze structural components made of them. Despite a number of existing papers on the analysis of functionally graded materials and structures, there is no single book that is devoted entirely to the analysis of functionally graded beams, plates and shells using different methods, e.g.,analytical or semi-analytical methods. Filling this gap in the literature, the book offers a valuable reference resource for senior undergraduates, graduate students, researchers, and engineers in this field. The results presented here can be used as a benchmark for checking the validity and accuracy of other numerical solutions. They can also be used directly in the design of functionally graded materials and structures.
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