Injury is recognized as a major public health issue worldwide. In most countries, injury is the leading cause of death and disability for children and young adults age 1 to 39 years. Each year in the United States, injury claims about 170,000 lives and results in over 30 million emergency room visits and 2.5 million hospitalizations. Injury is medically defined as organ/tissue damages inflicted upon oneself or by an external agent either accidentally or deliberately. Injury encompasses the undesirable consequences of a wide array of events, such as motor vehicle crashes, poisoning, burns, falls, and drowning, medical error, adverse effects of drugs, suicide and homicide. The past two decades have witnessed a remarkable growth in injury research, both in scope and in depth. To address the tremendous health burden of injury morbidity and mortality at the global level, the World Health Organization in 2000 created the Department of Injury and Violence Prevention, which has produced several influential reports on violence, traffic injury, and childhood injury. The biennial World Conference on Injury Control and Safety Promotion attracts a large international audience and has been successfully convened nine times in different countries. In the United States, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control became an independent program of the federal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in 1997. Since then, each state health department has created an office in charge of injury prevention activities and over a dozen universities have established injury control research centers. This volume will fill an important gap in the scientific literature by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date reference resource to researchers, practitioners, and students working on different aspects of the injury problem and in different practice settings and academic fields.
This is a comprehensive but concise reference that documents the nature and importance of the injury problem in the United States. For each of more than sixty causes of injury, data are presented by age, race, sex, geographic area, urban/rural residence, and per capita income. The second edition includes new chapters on injuries related to sports, work, aviation, and large trucks. Also new are many analyses subdivided by four racial groups as well as age and sex, made possible by the use of mortality data from a seven year period. The updated analyses of time trends throughout the book document major reductions in death rates over the past decade. As a statistical compilation, the book offers users a quick reference to valuable detail, much of which would otherwise be inaccessible. It also discusses reasons for many of the extreme differences among groups of people in injury death rates and describes promising avenues to prevention. This accessible, readable reference will be valuable to public health personnel, physicians, epidemiologists, safety planners and policy makers.
In the course of the first decade of the existence of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) has shown itself to be the foundation upon which the stable bas of the organisation rests. In essence, the DSU created a system of binding dispute settlement based on legal rules and procedures closely resembling a domestic, judicially based court system. The DSU established the procedures and rules to solve the dispute between the WTO Members and its formation has unquestionably added to the stability and positively influenced the performance of the international trading system. In short, the DSU is the procedural law within the WTO legal system. Although a strict system of precedent is not contemplated in the DSU itself, a system of de facto precedent has emerged and every panel or appellate body carefully considers past cases in its decisions. Accordingly, a rich body of case law has developed from the jurisprudence of the Dispute Settlement Board (DSB). This major new publication is the first comprehensive exploration of this jurisprudence. Through an article-by-article interpretation of the DSU, this book analyses how the panels and Appellate Body have read, interpreted and construed the provisions of the DSU. Its expert authors provide detailed juridical essays on each of the 27 articles of the DSU, with precise commentary on how panel and Appellate Body reports and arbitral awards (over 100 to date) affect the interpretation and application of the various DSU provisions. The coverage also includes the special or additional rules and procedures referred to in some of the agreements covered by the DSU, especially the manner in which the DSB has applied such rules to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and textiles. In addition, the volume reprints all of the DSU-related documents for easy reference. WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: A Detailed Interpretation provides complete and through evaluation of the practical working meaning of the DSU. It will be of invaluable assistance to government officials, legal practitioners, scholars, media participants, non-governmental organisations, and other in their practical and important endeavors. The detailed analysis of this very important legal material will be welcomed by all concerned with matters of world trade and globalisation.
An IMF team found that Mongolia has made progress in public investment management since the 2016 PIMA. However, several challenges persist, and new issues are emerging. The team has identified five high-priority recommendations that could improve PIM processes and support the effective implementation of the government's investment aspirations.
We hope you enjoy and find the information provided in this book useful in your research or practice. We urge that you continue to keep abreast of the new developments in psoriasis and share your knowledge so that we may advance treatment and cures of psoriasis.
Advances in adaptive optics technology and applications move forward at a rapid pace. The basic idea of wavefront compensation in real-time has been around since the mid 1970s. The first widely used application of adaptive optics was for compensating atmospheric turbulence effects in astronomical imaging and laser beam propagation. While some topics have been researched and reported for years, even decades, new applications and advances in the supporting technologies occur almost daily. This book brings together 11 original chapters related to adaptive optics, written by an international group of invited authors. Topics include atmospheric turbulence characterization, astronomy with large telescopes, image post-processing, high power laser distortion compensation, adaptive optics and the human eye, wavefront sensors, and deformable mirrors.
This book includes different exciting topics in the OCT fields, written by experts from all over the world. Technological developments, as well as clinical and industrial applications are covered. Some interesting topics like the ultrahigh resolution OCT, the functional extension of OCT and the full field OCT are reviewed, and the applications of OCT in ophthalmology, cardiology and dentistry are also addressed. I believe that a broad range of readers, such as students, researchers and physicians will benefit from this book.
This book discusses the functional ink systems of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) layered materials in the context of their formulation and potential for various applications, including in electronics, optoelectronics, energy, sensing, and composites using conventional graphics and 3D printing technologies. The authors explore the economic landscape of 2D materials and introduce readers to fundamental properties and production technologies. They also discuss major graphics printing technologies and conventional commercial printing processes that can be used for printing 2D material inks, as well as their specific strengths and weaknesses as manufacturing platforms. Special attention is also paid to scalable production methods for ink formulation, making this an ideal book for students and researchers in academia or industry, who work with functional graphene and other 2D material ink systems and their applications. Explains the state-of-the-art 2D material production technologies that can be manufactured at the industrial scale for functional ink formulation; Provides starting formulation examples of 2D material, functional inks for specific printing methods and their characterization techniques; Reviews existing demonstrations of applications related to printed 2D materials and provides possible future development directions while highlighting current knowledge gaps; Gives a snapshot and forecast of the commercial market for printed GRMs based on the current state of technologies and existing patents.
In this paper the authors extend the notion of a continuous bundle random dynamical system to the setting where the action of R or N is replaced by the action of an infinite countable discrete amenable group. Given such a system, and a monotone sub-additive invariant family of random continuous functions, they introduce the concept of local fiber topological pressure and establish an associated variational principle, relating it to measure-theoretic entropy. They also discuss some variants of this variational principle. The authors introduce both topological and measure-theoretic entropy tuples for continuous bundle random dynamical systems, and apply variational principles to obtain a relationship between these of entropy tuples. Finally, they give applications of these results to general topological dynamical systems, recovering and extending many recent results in local entropy theory.
In the course of the first decade of the existence of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) has shown itself to be the foundation upon which the stable bas of the organisation rests. In essence, the DSU created a system of binding dispute settlement based on legal rules and procedures closely resembling a domestic, judicially based court system. The DSU established the procedures and rules to solve the dispute between the WTO Members and its formation has unquestionably added to the stability and positively influenced the performance of the international trading system. In short, the DSU is the procedural law within the WTO legal system. Although a strict system of precedent is not contemplated in the DSU itself, a system of de facto precedent has emerged and every panel or appellate body carefully considers past cases in its decisions. Accordingly, a rich body of case law has developed from the jurisprudence of the Dispute Settlement Board (DSB). This major new publication is the first comprehensive exploration of this jurisprudence. Through an article-by-article interpretation of the DSU, this book analyses how the panels and Appellate Body have read, interpreted and construed the provisions of the DSU. Its expert authors provide detailed juridical essays on each of the 27 articles of the DSU, with precise commentary on how panel and Appellate Body reports and arbitral awards (over 100 to date) affect the interpretation and application of the various DSU provisions. The coverage also includes the special or additional rules and procedures referred to in some of the agreements covered by the DSU, especially the manner in which the DSB has applied such rules to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and textiles. In addition, the volume reprints all of the DSU-related documents for easy reference. WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: A Detailed Interpretation provides complete and through evaluation of the practical working meaning of the DSU. It will be of invaluable assistance to government officials, legal practitioners, scholars, media participants, non-governmental organisations, and other in their practical and important endeavors. The detailed analysis of this very important legal material will be welcomed by all concerned with matters of world trade and globalisation.
This book uses kinematics, mechanics, mathematics, and so on, to systematically propose the fixturing performance evaluation and fixturing layout planning method. The proposed method is a novel method, including the analysis method of locating determination, the analysis method of workpiece stability, the analysis method of clamping reasonability, the analysis method of workpiece attachment/detachment, the analysis method of locating accuracy, and the planning algorithm of locating point layout, the planning algorithm of clamping force, and so forth. It can enrich and develop the basic theory of computer aided fixture design, change the empirical method of fixture design. The combination of theoretical analysis and mathematical modeling technology can resolve the key problems in the process of fixture design, which will play a certain role in promoting the progress of manufacturing technology, improving the precision and level of product manufacturing, and meeting the higher and higher requirements of mechanical manufacturing industry.
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