The sympathetic nervous system participates in the development and progression of the essential hypertensive state, as shown by increased circulating plasma levels of the adrenergic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, elevated norepinephrine spillover rate, and augmented sympathetic nerve traffic discharge detected in the high blood pressure state. In addition, the sympathetic overdrive participates in the development of the metabolic disarray as well as target organ damage frequently detected in this condition. The above mentioned sympathetic abnormalities explain why adrenergic overdrive represents an important therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension.
This book addresses all aspects of white coat hypertension – the phenomenon of raised blood pressure in a medical setting yet not elsewhere – from its history to its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. White coat hypertension is a common condition, accounting for 30–40% of the overall hypertensive population. While many studies have addressed this condition, controversy still exists over whether it causes an increased risk to sufferers and should be treated. In the volume neurogenic and non-neurogenic mechanisms are discussed and the significance of various predictive factors, evaluated. The association of white coat hypertension with dysmetabolic risk factors, new-onset diabetes and other conditions is carefully reviewed. Further chapters consider the occurrence of asymptomatic organ damage and cardiovascular outcomes in affected patients and helpful guidance is also provided on the controversial issue of when to treat and when not to treat. White Coat Hypertension is based largely on work done during the past 30 years by renowned researchers working in Milan, who have made key contributions in improving knowledge of the condition and whose work is well known across the world.
A colorful "road trip" through the twentieth century, Gasoline offers a panoramic display of the accessories of gas distribution and promotion. Gasoline pumps and grease guns, air pumps and promotional pens, tools and toys, jerry cans and enameled signs, period illustrations and gas-station giveaways tell the visual history of gasoline distribution from the beginning. These brightly colored, high-design items from all over the world are in the collection of the S.I.R.M. Museum in Italy, an institution devoted to the restoration and safekeeping of these exciting pieces of modern history.
Galileo Galilei stabilisce i capisaldi della fisica moderna, frutto della matematica combinata con il metodo sperimentale. Abbandona l’autorità dei testi aristotelici e la loro interpretazione, per concentrarsi sulla sperimentazione e sulla riproducibilità degli esperimenti. Al posto dell’osservazione della natura, introduce l’ambiente artificiale del laboratorio dove, in condizioni controllate, compie prove su prove per estrarre dal caos dei fenomeni concetti e formule universali. Nasce così la scoperta che i gravi cadono tutti con la stessa accelerazione, indipendentemente dalla loro massa e natura, uno dei suoi contributi più noti; e poi il concetto di inerzia, un abbozzo del principio di relatività (i cui sviluppi cambieranno la fisica del Novecento), la legge dell’isocronismo delle oscillazioni del pendolo. Galileo applica il metodo scientifico anche all’osservazione dei cieli, dà inizio all’astronomia del telescopio e dedica buona parte della sua vita a combattere i sistemi che ponevano la Terra al centro dell’universo: scontrandosi per questo con la Chiesa cattolica del Seicento e andando incontro alla celebre condanna ritenuta ingiusta solo in epoca recente.
This book addresses all aspects of white coat hypertension – the phenomenon of raised blood pressure in a medical setting yet not elsewhere – from its history to its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. White coat hypertension is a common condition, accounting for 30–40% of the overall hypertensive population. While many studies have addressed this condition, controversy still exists over whether it causes an increased risk to sufferers and should be treated. In the volume neurogenic and non-neurogenic mechanisms are discussed and the significance of various predictive factors, evaluated. The association of white coat hypertension with dysmetabolic risk factors, new-onset diabetes and other conditions is carefully reviewed. Further chapters consider the occurrence of asymptomatic organ damage and cardiovascular outcomes in affected patients and helpful guidance is also provided on the controversial issue of when to treat and when not to treat. White Coat Hypertension is based largely on work done during the past 30 years by renowned researchers working in Milan, who have made key contributions in improving knowledge of the condition and whose work is well known across the world.
The sympathetic nervous system participates in the development and progression of the essential hypertensive state, as shown by increased circulating plasma levels of the adrenergic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, elevated norepinephrine spillover rate, and augmented sympathetic nerve traffic discharge detected in the high blood pressure state. In addition, the sympathetic overdrive participates in the development of the metabolic disarray as well as target organ damage frequently detected in this condition. The above mentioned sympathetic abnormalities explain why adrenergic overdrive represents an important therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension.
This book discusses the maximal power and capacity of the three major biochemical pathways - aerobic (oxygen consumption), anaerobic lactic (muscle lactate accumulation in absence of oxygen consumption), and anaerobic alactic (phosphocreatine hydrolysis) metabolism - as well as the factors that limit them. It also discusses the metabolic and cardio-pulmonary mechanisms of the dynamic response to exercise. The way and extent to which the power and capacity of the three major energy metabolisms are affected under a number of different conditions, such as training, hypoxia and microgravity, are also described.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to performing meta-analysis using the statistical software R. It is intended for quantitative researchers and students in the medical and social sciences who wish to learn how to perform meta-analysis with R. As such, the book introduces the key concepts and models used in meta-analysis. It also includes chapters on the following advanced topics: publication bias and small study effects; missing data; multivariate meta-analysis, network meta-analysis; and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies.
Case studies of private art collections recorded during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries in Mantua. This work seeks to show how the collectors' taste changed during this period and how these changes are reflected in the collections' display, and also seeks to contribute to the understanding of the original context of works of art in sixteenth and early seventeenth century private houses in a courtly city.
Fresh-cut apples show a short shelf life. Microbial loads, rapid tissue browning, and loss of texture and flavour limit their customers’ acceptability. Therefore, postharvest storage in sugar-syrup or suitable fruit juice solutions are common practices to extend shelf life. However, knowledge on the effects of these applications on the produce are sketchy. Nevertheless, adequate and gentle sanitation is essential, and short-term hot-water treatment (sHWT) may be an effective method to reduce microbial contaminations. For fruit salad production, however, sHWT needs to be optimised. Objective of this thesis was the evaluation of the effects of complete immersion of fresh-cut apple slices in sugar solution or orange juice on quality attributes and physiology. This thesis analysed the potential synergistic interactive effects caused by sugar syrup immersion of apple slices and reduced O2 availability on the emissions of volatile organic compounds. In addition, the potential implications of sHWT in the temperature range of 55–65 °C on quality attributes, fruit aroma and product physiology of immersed fresh-cut apple slices were investigated. Frisch geschnittene Äpfel haben eine kurze Haltbarkeit. Mikrobielles Wachstum, schnelle Gewebebräunung und der Verlust von Textur und Geschmack schränken die Akzeptanz des Kunden ein. Daher ist die Lagerung nach der Ernte in Zuckersirup oder geeigneten Fruchtsaftlösungen eine gängige Praxis, um die Haltbarkeit zu verlängern. Die Kenntnisse über die Auswirkungen dieser Anwendungen auf die Erzeugnisse sind jedoch lückenhaft. Zudem kann eine Kurzzeit-Heißwasserbehandlung (sHWT) eine wirksame Methode zur Verringerung mikrobieller Kontaminationen sein. Für die Obstsalatherstellung muss die sHWT jedoch optimiert werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Bewertung des vollständigen Eintauchens von frisch geschnittenen Apfelscheiben in Zuckerlösung oder Orangensaft in Bezug auf Produktqualität und -physiologie. Es wurden die potenziellen synergistischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Eintauchen der Apfelscheiben in Zuckersirup und der reduzierten Sauerstoffverfügbarkeit auf die Emission flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurden die potenziellen Auswirkungen einer sHWT im Temperaturbereich von 55-65 °C auf die Qualitätsmerkmale, das Fruchtaroma und die Produktphysiologie von eingetauchten, frisch geschnittenen Apfelscheiben untersucht.
First published in 2002. This is Volume XVII of seventeen in the Philosophy of Mind and Psychology series. Written in 1903 and translated from Italian, this is about the historical development to contemporary psychologists, and methods and research of the time.
These volumes of the "Documentary History of the Jews in Italy", illustrate the history of the Jews in Genoa and surroundings from Antiquity to the French Revolution. The earliest documentary evidence takes the form of letters from King Theodoric. For the Middle Ages the documentation is relatively fragmentary and sporadic. Later there is greater abundance of historical evidence, which portrays chiefly the destinies of the Jews in the Republic from the sixteenth century on, when the presence of the Jews became permanent and a regular community was established also in the capital. The historical records presented illustrate mainly the relationship between the government of the Genoese Republic and the Jews, the latter's economic activities and their communal and social life. Some of the detailed descriptions of the Jewish population in Genoa, their living conditions and occupations, allow for a close examination of the social conditions of this Northern Italian community. For a while Genoa became a haven of refuge for some of the exiles from Spain, including the historian Joseph Hacohen and members of the Abarbanel family. The volumes are provided with an extensive introduction, bibliography, glossary and indexes.
When America began to emerge as a world power at the end of the nineteenth century, Italy was a young nation, recently unified. The technological advances brought about by electricity and the combustion engine were vastly speeding up the capacity of news, ideas, and artefacts to travel internationally. Furthermore, improved literacy and social reforms had produced an Italian working class with increased time, money, and education. At the turn of the century, if Italy's ruling elite continued the tradition of viewing Paris as a model of sophistication and good taste, millions of lowly-educated Italians began to dream of America, and many bought a transatlantic ticket to migrate there. By the 1920s, Italians were encountering America through Hollywood films and, thanks to illustrated magazines, they were mesmerised by the sight of Manhattan's futuristic skyline and by news of American lifestyle. The USA offered a model of modernity which flouted national borders and spoke to all. It could be snubbed, adored, or transformed for one's personal use, but it could not be ignored. Perversely, Italy was by then in the hands of a totalitarian dictatorship, Mussolini's Fascism. What were the effects of the nationalistic policies and campaigns aimed at protecting Italians from this supposedly pernicious foreign influence? What did Mussolini think of America? Why were jazz, American literature, and comics so popular, even as the USA became Italy's political enemy? America in Italian Culture provides a scholarly and captivating narrative of this epochal shift in Italian culture.
This book takes an introductory look at the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere and the climate dynamics. It provides the basics in thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, radiation and chemistry and explains the most interesting problems existing in the study of the atmosphere of the Earth and planets. This book also offers the computer programs to solve these problems. Themes covered include the most recent evolution concerning the ozone hole, the carbon dioxide problem, and chaos theory.
This book is a critical appraisal of the status of the so-called Climate Sciences (CS). These are contributed by many other basic sciences like physics, geology, chemistry and as such employ theoretical and experimental methods. In the last few decades most of the CS have been identified with the global warming problem and numerical models have been used as the main tool for their investigations. The produced predictions can only be partially tested against experimental data and may represent one of the reasons CS are drifting away from the route of the scientific method. On the other hand the study of climate faces many other interesting and mostly unsolved problems (think about ice ages) whose solution could clarify how the climatic system works. As for the global warming, while its existence is largely proved, scientifically it can be solved only with a large experimental effort carried out for a few decades. Problems can arise when not proved hypotheses are adopted as the basis for public policy without the recognition that they may be on shaky ground. The strong interactions of the Global Warming (GW) with the society create another huge problem of political nature for the CS. The book argues that the knowledge gained so far on the specific GW problem is enough for the relevant political decisions to be taken and that Climate Science should resume the study of the climate system with appropriate means and methods. The book introduces the most relevant concepts needed for the discussion in the text or in appropriate appendices and it is directed to the general public with upper undergraduate background. Each chapter closes with a debate between a climate scientist and a humanist to reflect the discussions between climate science and philosophy or climate scientists and society.
The history of totalitarian states bears witness to the fact that literature and print media can be manipulated and made into vehicles of mass deception. Censorship and Literature in Fascist Italy is the first comprehensive account of how the Fascists attempted to control Italy's literary production. Guido Bonsaver looks at how the country's major publishing houses and individual authors responded to the new cultural directives imposed by the Fascists. Throughout his study, Bonsaver uses rare and previously unexamined materials to shed light on important episodes in Italy's literary history, such as relationships between the regime and particular publishers, as well as individual cases involving renowned writers like Moravia, Da Verona, and Vittorini. Censorship and Literature in Fascist Italy charts the development of Fascist censorship laws and practices, including the creation of the Ministry of Popular Culture and the anti-Semitic crack-down of the late 1930s. Examining the breadth and scope of censorship in Fascist Italy, from Mussolini's role as 'prime censor' to the specific experiences of female writers, this is a fascinating look at the vulnerability of culture under a dictatorship.
These volumes of the "Documentary History of the Jews in Italy," illustrate the history of the Jews in Genoa and surroundings from Antiquity to the French Revolution. The earliest documentary evidence takes the form of letters from King Theodoric. For the Middle Ages the documentation is relatively fragmentary and sporadic. Later there is greater abundance of historical evidence, which portrays chiefly the destinies of the Jews in the Republic from the sixteenth century on, when the presence of the Jews became permanent and a regular community was established also in the capital. The historical records presented illustrate mainly the relationship between the government of the Genoese Republic and the Jews, the latter's economic activities and their communal and social life. Some of the detailed descriptions of the Jewish population in Genoa, their living conditions and occupations, allow for a close examination of the social conditions of this Northern Italian community. For a while Genoa became a haven of refuge for some of the exiles from Spain, including the historian Joseph Hacohen and members of the Abarbanel family. The volumes are provided with an extensive introduction, bibliography, glossary and indexes.
Leggendo questi racconti troverete emozioni, sensazioni, sorrisi, paure, colori, profumi, pensieri, parole. Ma soprattutto troverete le cose che non vi aspettate, quelle che vi lasceranno sorpresi e che forse vi sveglieranno. Perchè a pensarci bene alcune di queste vi appartengono, sono parte di voi e adesso finalmente le state per ritrovare.
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