Smoothing methods are an active area of research. In this book, the author presents a comprehensive treatment of penalty smoothing under a unified framework. Methods are developed for (i) regression with Gaussian and non-Gaussian responses as well as with censored life time data; (ii) density and conditional density estimation under a variety of sampling schemes; and (iii) hazard rate estimation with censored life time data and covariates. Extensive discussions are devoted to model construction, smoothing parameter selection, computation, and asymptotic convergence. Most of the computational and data analytical tools discussed in the book are implemented in R, an open-source clone of the popular S/S- PLUS language.
The satisfiability (SAT) problem is central in mathematical logic, computing theory, and many industrial applications. There has been a strong relationship between the theory, the algorithms and the applications of the SAT problem. This book aims to bring together work by the best theorists, algorithmists, and practitioners working on the sat problem and on industrial applications, as well as to enhance the interaction between the three research groups. The book features the applications of theoretical/algorithmic results to practical problems and presents practical examples for theoretical/algorithmic study. Major topics covered in the book include practical and industial SAT problems and benchmarks, significant case studies and applications of the SAT problem and SAT algorithms, new algorithms and improved techniques for satisfiability testing, specific data structures and implementation details of the SAT algorithms, and the theoretical study of the SAT problem and SAT algorithms.
Ye Dong had been living a comfortable and comfortable life in modern times, yet he was somehow dragged into a country called Great Dream or some other historical place to clean up the mess.Although he had a beautiful wife and a beautiful wife, a hundred acres of fertile land, and a high official named Hou Lu waiting for him, the occasional assassination attempt, the occasional mysterious organization that popped up, and the occasional hair-raising events all made it impossible for him to be at ease as the tyrant of the capital.He was only trying to protect something he wanted to protect. As for the Grand Marshal of the General Da, he really did not care about that. However, fate did not allow him to say no ...
Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites provides an important introduction to the key principles, methods, and research directions of this emerging thermal management material category. This book introduces thermal conduction, measurement methods, thermal conduction mechanisms, and related theories. It also reviews classification and processing techniques which impact thermal conductivity performance. Thermally conductive composites discussed include intrinsically thermally conductive polymers, thermally conductive fillers, and thermally conductive polymer composites. Furthermore, the interfacial thermal resistance is thoroughly explained including basic concepts, theoretical research, and characterization. Finally, the practical applications of thermally conductive polymer composites are illustrated such as thermally conductive plastics, thermally conductive rubbers, and thermally conductive adhesives. - Covers measurement methods, thermal conductivity mechanisms and models - Introduces thermally conductive polymers, intrinsically thermal conductors, fillers and composites, as well as interfaces - Reviews advances in classification and processing techniques
Authored by researchers and practitioners who build cutting-edge federated learning applications to solve real-world problems, this book covers the spectrum of federated learning technology from concepts and application scenarios to advanced algorithms and finally system implementation in three parts. It provides a comprehensive review and summary of federated learning technology, as well as presenting numerous novel federated learning algorithms which no other books have summarized. The work also references the most recent papers, articles and reviews from the past several years to keep pace with the academic and industrial state of the art of federated learning.The first part lays a foundational understanding of federated learning by going through its definition and characteristics, and also possible application scenarios and related privacy protection technologies. The second part elaborates on some of the federated learning algorithms innovated by JD Technology which encompass both vertical and horizontal scenarios, including vertical federated tree models, linear regression, kernel learning, asynchronous methods, deep learning, homomorphic encryption, and reinforcement learning. The third and final part shifts in scope to federated learning systems — namely JD Technology's own FedLearn system — by discussing its design and implementation using gRPC, in addition to specific performance optimization techniques plus integration with blockchain technology.This book will serve as a great reference for readers who are experienced in federated learning algorithms, building privacy-preserving machine learning applications or solving real-world problems with privacy-restricted scenarios.
From the end of the Ming Dynasty until the end of the Ming Dynasty, he had become a slave of Jin Shang who starved to death. Where did he get such a good meal from in this apocalyptic era? Plundering of countries... No, this is trade. It was more comfortable being the emperor himself ... This sister-in-law Zhang Yan ... He had to take good care of her.
This book provides a ‘one-stop source’ for all readers who are interested in a new, empirical approach to machine learning that, unlike traditional methods, successfully addresses the demands of today’s data-driven world. After an introduction to the fundamentals, the book discusses in depth anomaly detection, data partitioning and clustering, as well as classification and predictors. It describes classifiers of zero and first order, and the new, highly efficient and transparent deep rule-based classifiers, particularly highlighting their applications to image processing. Local optimality and stability conditions for the methods presented are formally derived and stated, while the software is also provided as supplemental, open-source material. The book will greatly benefit postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners dealing with advanced data processing, applied mathematicians, software developers of agent-oriented systems, and developers of embedded and real-time systems. It can also be used as a textbook for postgraduate coursework; for this purpose, a standalone set of lecture notes and corresponding lab session notes are available on the same website as the code. Dimitar Filev, Henry Ford Technical Fellow, Ford Motor Company, USA, and Member of the National Academy of Engineering, USA: “The book Empirical Approach to Machine Learning opens new horizons to automated and efficient data processing.” Paul J. Werbos, Inventor of the back-propagation method, USA: “I owe great thanks to Professor Plamen Angelov for making this important material available to the community just as I see great practical needs for it, in the new area of making real sense of high-speed data from the brain.” Chin-Teng Lin, Distinguished Professor at University of Technology Sydney, Australia: “This new book will set up a milestone for the modern intelligent systems.” Edward Tunstel, President of IEEE Systems, Man, Cybernetics Society, USA: “Empirical Approach to Machine Learning provides an insightful and visionary boost of progress in the evolution of computational learning capabilities yielding interpretable and transparent implementations.”
Chinese, one of the oldest active languages, evolved over 5,000 years. As such, it makes for a fascinating case study in the development of language. This cultural history of Chinese demonstrates that the language grew and responded to its music and visual expression in a manner very similar to contemporary English and other Western languages. Within Chinese cultural history lie the answers to numerous questions that have haunted scholars for decades: How does language relate to worldview? What would happen to law after its language loses absolute binding power? How do music, visual, and theatrical images influence literature? By presenting Chinese not as a system of signs but as the history of a community, this study shows how language has expanded the scope of Chinese imagination and offers a glimpse into the future of younger languages throughout the world.
This book discusses the theories, methods, and application techniques of the measurement data mathematical modeling and parameter estimation. It seeks to build a bridge between mathematical theory and engineering practice in the measurement data processing field so theoretical researchers and technical engineers can communicate. It is organized with abundant materials, such as illustrations, tables, examples, and exercises. The authors create examples to apply mathematical theory innovatively to measurement and control engineering. Not only does this reference provide theoretical knowledge, it provides information on first hand experiences.
Medicinal Plants: Chemistry, Biology and Omics reviews the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of selected medicinal plant tribes and genera, and their relevance to drug efficacy. Medicinal plants provide a myriad of pharmaceutically active components, which have been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and worldwide for thousands of years. Increasing interest in plant-based medicinal resources has led to additional discoveries of many novel compounds, in various angiosperm and gymnosperm species, and investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny and pharmacology. Chapters in this book explore the interrelationship within traditional Chinese medicinal plant groups and between Chinese species and species outside of China. Chapters also discuss the incongruence between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny, concluding with chapters on systems biology and "-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and how they will play an increasingly important role in future pharmaceutical research. - Reviews best practice and essential developments in medicinal plant chemistry and biology - Discusses the principles and applications of various techniques used to discover medicinal compounds - Explores the analysis and classification of novel plant-based medicinal compounds - Includes case studies on pharmaphylogeny - Compares and integrates traditional knowledge and current perception of worldwide medicinal plants
Li Su's life was very exciting. Last month, he married his thirteenth beautiful wife, a young international model, in the United States. Last week, he bought a fifteenth private island in the South Pacific and planned to make a golf course. A few days ago, he even rejected the investment invitation of the Roschell family. Hm, he looked down on that small amount of money! He's a genius, he's a legend! At the age of 20, he had millions of properties and at the age of 23, he was evaluated as the youngest rich man in Asia. His life was filled with glory and glory. Of course, he also had a weakness of wanting to boast to the best of his ability, and that was that even at the end of his life, he still hadn't changed his habit of bragging. Yes, it was all bragging.
This book introduces differential geometry and cutting-edge findings from the discipline by incorporating both classical approaches and modern discrete differential geometry across all facets and applications, including graphics and imaging, physics and networks. With curvature as the centerpiece, the authors present the development of differential geometry, from curves to surfaces, thence to higher dimensional manifolds; and from smooth structures to metric spaces, weighted manifolds and complexes, and to images, meshes and networks. The first part of the book is a differential geometric study of curves and surfaces in the Euclidean space, enhanced while the second part deals with higher dimensional manifolds centering on curvature by exploring the various ways of extending it to higher dimensional objects and more general structures and how to return to lower dimensional constructs. The third part focuses on computational algorithms in algebraic topology and conformal geometry, applicable for surface parameterization, shape registration and structured mesh generation. The volume will be a useful reference for students of mathematics and computer science, as well as researchers and engineering professionals who are interested in graphics and imaging, complex networks, differential geometry and curvature.
Offering a comprehensive review of reform policy, followed by an examination of major approaches to institutional restructuring, Shulin Gu explores the way in which China's industrial technology has responded to economic reforms. At the heart of the work is the argument that market reform and organisational change are closely interdependent. Gu outlines the interaction of the two in China and reveals the damage which may result if market reform is not accompanied by new organisational design. Analysis of these issues is drawn from first-hand experience of Chinese technology systems, supported by insights from technological innovation economics and transaction cost economics.
He was the high and mighty emperor of business in Peace City. She was the thorn in his side, the apple of his eye. It was a conspiracy. He had forgotten about her and everyone was laughing at her. She was full of anger! She had just returned home and accidentally bumped into his car and entered the hospital. She did everything she could, but he only said, No! No! Nonsense! Finally, he recovered his memories and she left! The truth that he had been hiding came one after another, torturing him to the point that his heart and liver ached ... Ps: She burst into laughter hit the face, torture in a smile, with tears in favor. The final text of "Married Wife Decided
Suddenly, Miss Lu turned from an ugly girl to a great beauty. She had a bad temper and was ruthless in her actions. The moment she opened her mouth, she would retaliate at the cost of her life. Those noble young masters who said "even if I die, I won't give you a second glance" all expressed their opinions, one after the other. It was so fragrant! But the beauty was so beautiful that even if they wanted to, they wouldn't be able to think of a way to deal with her. Afterwards, the enchanter-like Prince Rong had personally taken care of her. The crowd asked for advice, "Beauty is trying to scam me, beat me up, and wish she could run away from me for a thousand miles. What should I do?" Prince Rong said, "Kiss her." ... .... The man who had almost frozen into an ice sculpture snatched her first kiss from him as soon as he opened his eyes. Lu Qingning was so angry that she almost exploded on the spot. She stripped him clean and sent her silver needles into the fray, determined to get back at him. But from then on, they were bound to have a bad fate. A few days later, the Great Uncle came looking for him, and the moment he opened his mouth, he said, "I'll marry you." Lu Qingning sucked in a breath of cold air, "Actually, I feel like you can send me a few pretty boys. Giving me some silver taels or something can help repay the debt of gratitude that you owe to me for saving my life." His Royal Uncle then said, "If you see this duke's body, you must take responsibility!" Lu Qingning: "... Royal Uncle, your style isn't right! What happened to the Flower of the High Mountains that was not too close to a woman? " Why the heck did he kiss her every day when he caught her?
The Hidden Land" means that a large amount of land in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) was "hidden" or unknown, since the land was managed by both the administrative and the military systems, and only the former was made public while the latter was being hidden due to confidentiality issues. This is one of the author’s creative findings as a result of his solid textual research and rigorous argumentation. Since the Ming state management system had a great impact on the land, the population, the taxes and corvée, the imperial examinations, the justice, the grass-roots organizations and the frontier ethnics during the 500 years from Ming to Qing (1636–1912), the views on the garrisons and guards (weisuo) in the military system are of great help to review the essential issues of the period, which were often misunderstood or neglected before. In addition, the author introduces the present situation, existing problems and basic historical materials in the Ming study which will be beneficial to the Ming researchers and enthusiasts.
He had caught up with the transcendent army and accidentally provoked the sickly emperor. The person he had married was the infamous eunuch, Li Ergou!This Li Ergou had a devilish appearance, full of muscles and tendons. He was a bass player, and could even make a man angry for a woman! Slowly, she discovered that Li Ergou could actually be jealous as well ....
This book investigates domestic migration and migration intentions in China from the individual, city, and provincial levels. Since the 1990s, accompanying the rapid urbanization, an important feature of China’s social transition is its large-scale interregional migration, which has reshaped China’s economic geography and population distribution and greatly affected the socio-economic development. The floating population, migrants working and living in the destination cities without local hukou, have aroused wide public concern in the past decades. Based on China’s national population census data and China Migrants Dynamic Survey data, this book comprehensively employs statistical analysis, spatial analysis, network analysis, econometric and spatial econometric methods to analyze the spatial pattern and influencing mechanism of internal migration and migration intentions of floating population from different levels and different perspectives. The research results of this book have significant policy implications for the urban governance on the floating population. The novelty of this book is that it comprehensively investigates domestic migration and migration intentions from the individual, city and provincial levels, combining their spatial patterns and network structures. It not only provides a wealth of case studies for domestic migration research in China, but also broadens the research scope of spatial demography by employing new methods of spatial econometrics (such as MGWR and ESF). This book is suitable for undergraduates and graduates majoring in Human Geography, Regional Economics, Urban Planning and Urban Governance, as well as related researchers and practitioners.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1871. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
This edition of a popular Tamil Classic was undertaken mainly with a view of assisting foreigners to acquire some acquaintance with classical Tamil. It is also intended to be a companion volume to the Tamil Classic: the Kural. This book was first published in 1893.
Myriad Domain – I call you Sheng, I call all races my king! Xiaohei said, "Cultivators are merciless. Anyone who dares to stand in their way will be killed without mercy!" All living beings said, "Cultivators have emotions, and the Immortal Path is formless and untraceable. It is a world that is tens of thousands of years old!" Chen Fan said, "Heartless is feeling, and my way is the way of the heavens!" Stepping on the galactic waste Heavenly Dao to look down upon the heavens and break the cycle of reincarnation with eternal lamp in hand
This book provides detailed fundamental theoretical reviews and preparations necessary for developing advanced dynamics modeling and control strategies for various types of robotic systems. This research book specifically addresses and discusses the uniqueness issue of representing orientation or rotation, and further proposes an innovative isometric embedding approach. The novel approach can not only reduce the dynamic formulation for robotic systems into a compact form, but it also offers a new way to realize the orientational trajectory-tracking control procedures. In addition, the book gives a comprehensive introduction to fundamentals of mathematics and physics that are required for modeling robot dynamics and developing effective control algorithms. Many computer simulations and realistic 3D animations to verify the new theories and algorithms are included in the book as well. It also presents and discusses the principle of duality involved in robot kinematics, statics, and dynamics. The duality principle can guide the dynamics modeling and analysis into a right direction for a variety of robotic systems in different types from open serial-chain to closed parallel-chain mechanisms. It intends to serve as a diversified research reference to a wide range of audience, including undergraduate juniors and seniors, graduate students, researchers, and engineers interested in the areas of robotics, control and applications.
The Darboux transformation approach is one of the most effective methods for constructing explicit solutions of partial differential equations which are called integrable systems and play important roles in mechanics, physics and differential geometry. This book presents the Darboux transformations in matrix form and provides purely algebraic algorithms for constructing the explicit solutions. A basis for using symbolic computations to obtain the explicit exact solutions for many integrable systems is established. Moreover, the behavior of simple and multi-solutions, even in multi-dimensional cases, can be elucidated clearly. The method covers a series of important equations such as various kinds of AKNS systems in R1+n, harmonic maps from 2-dimensional manifolds, self-dual Yang-Mills fields and the generalizations to higher dimensional case, theory of line congruences in three dimensions or higher dimensional space etc. All these cases are explained in detail. This book contains many results that were obtained by the authors in the past few years. Audience: The book has been written for specialists, teachers and graduate students (or undergraduate students of higher grade) in mathematics and physics.
This book focuses on China’s foreign strategy and policy toward Central and Eastern Europe via the “China-CEEC” Cooperation Mechanism. It discusses the formation and evolution of the mechanism, concentrating on China’s leading role in this process, and covering a range of issues related to the mechanism’s organizational development. This discussion includes the broad context of China’s foreign policy, a coherent framework analysis of institution and cooperation issues, the internal aspects of the heterogeneity, external aspects of its asymmetry interactions, and finally, its emphases on cooperation in the two primary dimensions of great powers engagement and localization. After the end of the Cold War and the sudden and shocking collapse of the Soviet Union, the geopolitics of Central and Eastern Europe begins to undergo dramatic changes. Since then, an increase in public discussion in China about the transformation from the planned economy to market economy became very visible. Moreover, this part of the world perceives as the gate to Europe through almost forget Silk Road. Both factors have played a crucial role in shaping China’s interest in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Following the points mentioned above, China’s interests in Central and Eastern Europe are due to several factors, including its frontier stability, national security, economic expansion, and search for new sources of energy and new markets for made in China products. Recognition of the importance of the region culminates in the recent Chinese grand strategy of “Belt and Road,” which highlights Central and Eastern Europe as the essential link in China’s plan New Silk Road strategy. In this regard, the “China-CEEC” Cooperation Mechanism has a crucial role in China’s “Go West” strategy.
The unique compendium teaches beginners how to perform nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis by following a series of step-by-step examples and basic programming method using OpenSees. The scope of the book includes nonlinear FE analyses of reinforced concrete frame shear wall structures, liquefiable soils, soil-structure interaction systems, fluid-solid coupling systems, high-speed railway systems, as well as introduces the sensitivity, reliability, optimization, peridynamic (PD) analysis, and the integration of OpenSees with other softwares. This must-have reference also teaches users how to program by adding simple material and element models, as well as PD algorithms in OpenSees.
Different legal systems share some basic developmental tendencies that are rooted in the historical evolution of language and culture. In this comparative history of English common law, Islamic law, and Chinese imperialist law Sharron Gu describes the formation of three diverse legal systems in terms of their unique linguistic environments. She argues that the characteristics of each language define the nature of the common, statute, administrative, and religious laws associated with it and set the boundaries for its legal imagination.
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