Do you know where are astronomical observatories in Poland and which institutions conduct research in astronomy and astrophysics? Extensive catalog of astronomical institutes and facilities, as well as a map of observatories, telescopes and other interesting information about astronomy in Poland. Polish astronomy is proud of its long history and tradition dating back to Nicolaus Copernicus and Johannes Hevelius. It also has many achievements and outstanding scientists today. This publication presents major facilities dealing with astronomical research in Poland. Additionally, it provides a catalog of locations where one can study astronomy, a map of planetariums, as well as an index of scientific media and main amateur organizations. We hope that this publication will help anyone interested in establishing scientific and educational cooperation, assist young people in choosing the most interesting place for studying science, offer journalists contact with leading Polish astronomers and develop cooperation between scientific facilities and industry. In addition, it will present a current outline of scientific research in astronomy and astrophysics conducted in Poland.
There are almost 10,000 shopping centres in Europe, and in the United States there are over 100,000, many of which have entered the end-of-life phase due to growing e-retail. Therefore, the issue of how customers perceive the value of these facilities and customer engagement in the relationship with the shopping centre is becoming increasingly important. In this book, the authors evaluate the relationship between the perceived value of a shopping centre and customer engagement by identifying consumer motives, purchase behaviour and responsiveness to marketing strategies. It offers an analysis of the conceptualisation and history of shopping centres and utilises both theoretical and empirical research, presenting results from extensive studies and building a framework for value creation in retail spaces. The book will find a wide audience among scholars interested in marketing and retail management. The practical implications discussed will also provide further research opportunities and insights for astute practitioners.
This is the first book presenting the relation between coffee producers and consumers of coffee beverages, at marketing management level. Many books offer advice on how to write effective marketing strategies, but only few indicate how to implement them successfully. This book belongs to the second group. The proposed solutions can be applied by coffee producers, but can also be adapted to suit the needs of enterprises operating on other markets. The actual needs of the clients are presented, and the authors show how to implement and control the adopted marketing strategies to satisfy those needs. Valuable assets this book offers are the control system for the execution of the marketing strategy proposed by the authors (based on the Balanced Scorecard), and the aggregate of 38 indicators enabling you to determine the degree of implementation of the marketing strategy adopted by the enterprise. 'The main idea of the monograph is the effort to improve the activities of coffee producers by analysing and eliminating the discrepancy between the marketing strategies used and the real needs and preferences of consumers. The monograph is based on primary and secondary data obtained as a result of surveys of consumers and participants of the supply side of the coffee market. The conclusions presented in the monograph are drawn from the analysis of documents of twenty-six coffee producers, individual in-depth interviews with managers, a case study of the company MOKATE sp. z o.o. - the leader of the Polish instant cappuccino market, and from direct interviews with 800 coffee consumers. The Polish coffee market is one of the largest markets of this kind in Europe and it has great potential for growth. Therefore, this publication is not only a valuable contribution to research on behaviour of market entities, but also an important source of inspiration for managers responsible for everyday marketing in FMCG markets, in particular, in coffee markets.' Prof. Roman E. Niestrój Professor of Marketing, WSB University, Poland 'This book describes possible marketing strategies with focus on the coffee sector. The history of 'marketing' is presented, from the first attempts at a scientific approach in 1926, up to the establishment of this term in science in the 1950s. The authors refer to various definitions of marketing and describe its strategy variants (defensive/active). The main element (and advantage) of the book is the presentation of various methods of implementation and (equally important) their control. This content is supplemented by tables and figures concerning production, consumption and prices in the coffee market. In general, the book has a significant practical value, as it shows enterprises (not only from the coffee sector) how to effectively implement marketing strategies.' Dr. Joachim Schwanitz Managing Director, Huth's Kaffee & Feinkost, Germany
This is the first book presenting the relation between coffee producers and consumers of coffee beverages, at marketing management level. Many books offer advice on how to write effective marketing strategies, but only few indicate how to implement them successfully. This book belongs to the second group. The proposed solutions can be applied by coffee producers, but can also be adapted to suit the needs of enterprises operating on other markets. The actual needs of the clients are presented, and the authors show how to implement and control the adopted marketing strategies to satisfy those needs. Valuable assets this book offers are the control system for the execution of the marketing strategy proposed by the authors (based on the Balanced Scorecard), and the aggregate of 38 indicators enabling you to determine the degree of implementation of the marketing strategy adopted by the enterprise. 'The main idea of the monograph is the effort to improve the activities of coffee producers by analysing and eliminating the discrepancy between the marketing strategies used and the real needs and preferences of consumers. The monograph is based on primary and secondary data obtained as a result of surveys of consumers and participants of the supply side of the coffee market. The conclusions presented in the monograph are drawn from the analysis of documents of twenty-six coffee producers, individual in-depth interviews with managers, a case study of the company MOKATE sp. z o.o. - the leader of the Polish instant cappuccino market, and from direct interviews with 800 coffee consumers. The Polish coffee market is one of the largest markets of this kind in Europe and it has great potential for growth. Therefore, this publication is not only a valuable contribution to research on behaviour of market entities, but also an important source of inspiration for managers responsible for everyday marketing in FMCG markets, in particular, in coffee markets.' Prof. Roman E. Niestrój Professor of Marketing, WSB University, Poland 'This book describes possible marketing strategies with focus on the coffee sector. The history of 'marketing' is presented, from the first attempts at a scientific approach in 1926, up to the establishment of this term in science in the 1950s. The authors refer to various definitions of marketing and describe its strategy variants (defensive/active). The main element (and advantage) of the book is the presentation of various methods of implementation and (equally important) their control. This content is supplemented by tables and figures concerning production, consumption and prices in the coffee market. In general, the book has a significant practical value, as it shows enterprises (not only from the coffee sector) how to effectively implement marketing strategies.' Dr. Joachim Schwanitz Managing Director, Huth's Kaffee & Feinkost, Germany
There are almost 10,000 shopping centres in Europe, and in the United States there are over 100,000, many of which have entered the end-of-life phase due to growing e-retail. Therefore, the issue of how customers perceive the value of these facilities and customer engagement in the relationship with the shopping centre is becoming increasingly important. In this book, the authors evaluate the relationship between the perceived value of a shopping centre and customer engagement by identifying consumer motives, purchase behaviour and responsiveness to marketing strategies. It offers an analysis of the conceptualisation and history of shopping centres and utilises both theoretical and empirical research, presenting results from extensive studies and building a framework for value creation in retail spaces. The book will find a wide audience among scholars interested in marketing and retail management. The practical implications discussed will also provide further research opportunities and insights for astute practitioners.
Poland is the only country in which popular protest and mass opposition, epitomized by the Solidarity movement, played a significant role in bringing down the communist regime. This book, the first comprehensive study of the politics of protest in postcommunist Central Europe, shows that organized protests not only continued under the new regime but also had a powerful impact on Poland's democratic consolidation. Following the collapse of communism in 1989, the countries of Eastern Europe embarked on the gargantuan project of restructuring their social, political, economic, and cultural institutions. The social cost of these transformations was high, and citizens expressed their discontent in various ways. Protest actions became common events, particularly in Poland. In order to explain why protest in Poland was so intense and so particularized, Grzegorz Ekiert and Jan Kubik place the situation within a broad political, economic, and social context and test it against major theories of protest politics. They conclude that in transitional polities where conventional political institutions such as parties or interest groups are underdeveloped, organized collective protest becomes a legitimate and moderately effective strategy for conducting state-society dialogue. The authors offer an original and rich description of protest movements in Poland after the fall of communism as a basis for developing and testing their ideas. They highlight the organized and moderate character of the protests and argue that the protests were not intended to reverse the change of 1989 but to protest specific policies of the government. This book contributes to the literature on democratic consolidation, on the institutionalization of state-society relationship, and on protest and social movements. It will be of interest to political scientists, sociologists, historians, and policy advisors. Grzegorz Ekiert is Professor of Government, Harvard University. Jan Kubik is Associate Professor of Political Science, Rutgers University.
``The monograph shows the level of ambition of climate goals set by the United Nations or the European Union. The authors also present the organizational and economic possibilities in terms of changes in the energy sector in Poland and Ukraine. Activities in the renewable energy segment alone, which are of a quantitative nature, may prove to be insufficient. Other modern systems and fuels must also be managed and developed. Governance in the energy sector should have a technological dimension in terms of activities and cooperation between market participants. The authors rightly note that with the progressive development of new technologies and the right strategy, the state is able to significantly improve the energy segment as a sector and increase its own energy security. Observing the complexity of the analyzed issues, an important element should be to adopt a broad perspective of the analysis.
An increase in the global demand for energy, combined with an increase in the price of energy and energy products, has advanced the growing interest in renewable energy technologies and the wide implementation of renewable energy sources (RES). Member States of the European Union have been global leaders in the use of renewable energy and in the transition to new technologies. Management of Civic Energy and the Green Transformation: A Case Study of Poland examines the current issues of transitioning from traditional energy sources to newer, renewable energy sources, while balancing supplies, and working synergistically with existing, conventional sources. Features: Offers a balanced blend of theory and practice of development economics for renewable energy implementation Presents a case study of how Poland is working towards their energy transition, and provides other examples and recent statistical data from other European Union countries Analyses the legal and systemic conditions supporting the development of renewable energy systems and offers direction on the potential for the green development of the civic energy sector
Classical images of state-socialism developed in contemporary social sciences were founded on simple presuppositions. State-socialist regimes were considered to be politically stable due to their pervasive institutional and ideological control over the everyday lives of their citizens, impervious to reform and change, and representative of extreme political and economic dependency. Despite their contrasting historical experiences, they have been treated as basically identical in their institutional design, social and economic structures, and policies. Grzegorz Ekiert challenges this notion in a comparative analysis of the major political crises in post-1945 East Central Europe: Hungary (1956-63), Czechoslovakia (1968-76), and Poland (1980-89). The author maintains that the nature and consequences of these crises can better explain the distinctive experiences of East Central European countries under communist rule than can the formal characteristics of their political and economic systems or their politically dependent status. He explores how political crises reshaped party-state institutions, redefined relations between party and state institutions, altered the relationship between the state and various groups and organizations within society, and modified the political practices of these regimes. He shows how these events transformed cultural categories, produced collective memories, and imposed long-lasting constraints on mass political behavior and the policy choices of ruling elites. These crises shaped the political evolution of the region, produced important cross-national differences among state-socialist regimes, and contributed to the distinctive patterns of their collapse.
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