Structural control is an approach aimed at the suppressing unwanted dynamic phenomena in civil structures. It proposes the use of methods and tools from control theory for the analysis and manipulation of a structure’s dynamic behavior, with emphasis on suppression of seismic and wind responses. This book addresses problems in optimal structural control. Its goal is to provide solutions and techniques for these problems by using optimal control theory. Thus, it deals with the solution of optimal control design problems related to passive and semi-active controlled structures. The formulated problems consider constraints and excitations which are common in structural control. Optimal control theory is used in order to solve these problems in a rigorous manner. Even though there are many works in this field, none comprise optimization techniques with firm theoretical background that address the solution of passive and semi-active structural control design problems. The book begins with a discussion on models which are commonly used for civil structures and control actuators. Modern theoretical notions, such as dissipativity and passivity of dynamic systems are discussed in context of the addressed problems. Optimal control theory and suitable successive methods are reviewed. Novel solutions for optimal passive and semi-active control design problems are derived, based on firm theoretical foundations. These results are verified by numerical simulations of typical civil structures which are subjected to different types of dynamic excitations.
Superlattices and Other Heterostructures deals with the optical properties of superlattices and quantum well structures with emphasis on phenomena governed by crystal symmetries. After a brief introduction to group theory and symmetries, methods for calculating spectra of electrons, excitons, and phonons in heterostructures are discussed. Further chapters cover absorption and reflection of light under interband transitions, cyclotron and electron spin-resonance, light scattering by free and bound carriers as well as by optical and acoustic phonons, polarized photoluminescence, optical spin orientation of electrons and excitons, and nonlinear optical and photogalvanic effects.
There are fundamental relations between three vast areas of physics: particle physics, cosmology and condensed matter physics. The fundamental links between the first two areas, in other words, between micro- and macro- worlds, have been well established. There is a unified system of laws governing the scales from subatomic particles to the Cosmos and this principle is widely exploited in the description of the physics of the early Universe. The main goal of this book is to establish and define the connection of these two fields with condensed matter physics. According to the modern view, elementary particles (electrons, neutrinos, quarks, etc.) are excitations of a more fundamental medium called the quantum vacuum. This is the new 'aether' of the 21st Century. Electromagnetism, gravity, and the fields transferring weak and strong interactions all represent different types of the collective motion of the quantum vacuum. Among the existing condensed matter systems, a quantum liquid called superfluid 3He-A most closely represents the quantum vacuum. Its quasiparticles are very similar to the elementary particles, while the collective modes of the liquid are very similar to electromagnetic and gravitational fields, and the quanta of these collective modes are analogues of photons and gravitons. The fundamental laws of physics, such as the laws of relativity (Lorentz invariance) and gauge invariance, arise when the temperature of the quantum liquid decreases. This book is written for graduate students and researchers in all areas of physics.
Structural control is an approach aimed at the suppressing unwanted dynamic phenomena in civil structures. It proposes the use of methods and tools from control theory for the analysis and manipulation of a structure’s dynamic behavior, with emphasis on suppression of seismic and wind responses. This book addresses problems in optimal structural control. Its goal is to provide solutions and techniques for these problems by using optimal control theory. Thus, it deals with the solution of optimal control design problems related to passive and semi-active controlled structures. The formulated problems consider constraints and excitations which are common in structural control. Optimal control theory is used in order to solve these problems in a rigorous manner. Even though there are many works in this field, none comprise optimization techniques with firm theoretical background that address the solution of passive and semi-active structural control design problems. The book begins with a discussion on models which are commonly used for civil structures and control actuators. Modern theoretical notions, such as dissipativity and passivity of dynamic systems are discussed in context of the addressed problems. Optimal control theory and suitable successive methods are reviewed. Novel solutions for optimal passive and semi-active control design problems are derived, based on firm theoretical foundations. These results are verified by numerical simulations of typical civil structures which are subjected to different types of dynamic excitations.
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