This resource features evidence-based strategies for teaching vocabulary, reading, written language, math, and science, as well as study skills, textbook skills, and self-regulation. It provides informal assessments for every content area or skill addressed, case studies that link assessment results, IEP goals, and learning strategies, and application activities with questions and suggested responses.
For some football teams, success is about never falling. For others, it is about always getting back up. When Messmer, a predominately black Milwaukee high school, and Shorewood, a white suburban high school, decided to field a joint football team, it tested more than just the players' football prowess. This is the story of that season of dreams. Although the team's won-loss record was dismal, the players gained much more through their understanding of people of another background and race.
The Rough Guide Snapshot to the Great Lakes is the ultimate travel guide to this hugely varied part of the USA. It guides you through the states of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota with reliable information and comprehensive coverage of all the sights and attractions from the architectural wonders of Chicago and the musical heritage of Detroit to the laidback Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St Paul and German-influenced Cincinnati. Detailed maps and up-to-date listings pinpoint the best cafés, restaurants, hotels, shops, bars and nightlife, ensuring you have the best trip possible. Also included is the Basics section from The Rough Guide to the USA, with all the practical information you need for travelling stateside, including driving tips, accommodation and food and drink costs, plus background on festivals, sports and outdoor activities. Also published as part of The Rough Guide to the USA. Full coverage: Ohio, Cleveland, Lake Erie Islands, Columbus, Cincinnati, Detroit, Lake Michigan, Indiana, Indianapolis, Illinois, Chicago, Springfield, Galena, Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Green Bay, Door County, Madison, Minnesota, Minneapolis, St Paul, Duluth, Highway 61, Voyageurs National Park. (Equivalent printed page extent 120 pages).
Getting ready to tackle the AP U.S. History exam? AP U.S. History For Dummies is a practical, step-by-step guide that will help you perfect the skills and review the knowledge you need to achieve your best possible score! Discover how to identify what the questions are really asking and find out how to combine your history knowledge with context clues to craft thoughtful essays. Try your hand at two true-to-life AP exams, complete with detailed answer explanations and scoring guides. You’ll find out how to put together a game plan, develop a study strategy, decode the Political – Economic – Social (PES) answer secret, and understand exactly what’s going to be on the stress. This easy-to-understand guide reviews all periods of U.S. history, from the country’s earliest inhabitants to the present day. Ease your mind on stress day and feel completely prepared by completing the two practice exams with answers and explanations. Find out how to: Prepare a study plan for the time leading up to the exam Decode your score and learn how to get the best score Put your knowledge to work Approach the different types of questions: multiple choice, document-based, and essay questions Navigate all exam topics, from the Native Americans to the present day Analyze and connect political, economic, and social themes Recognize trick words Complete with lists of ten monster event topics AP wants you to know, ten unstoppable cultural trends, and ten key court decisions, AP U.S. History For Dummies will help you ace this test!
Theagood guys of professional wrestling take the spotlight in this comprehensive examination ofathe memorable characters who inspired fans, aproviding insight into what makes a great hero. Compiled using firsthand interviews with hundreds of wrestlers, managers, promoters, and historians, these entertaining profiles document wrestlingOCOs golden boys from the 1930s to today. It discusses the roles of wrestling superstars that include Hulk Hogan, Dusty Rhodes, and The Rock as well as lesser-known figures, including Tiger Jeet Singh and Whitey Caldwell. With more than 100 action-packed photos, this engaging and informative book invites both devoted fans and newcomers to the sport to appreciate the rich history of these esteemed performers.
From in-depth coverage of ten great national parks to the high-rolling pace of Las Vegas and the laid-back charm of Santa Fe, this new "Rough Guide" leaves no canyon, desert, or town unexplored. of color maps and photos.
Score your highest on exam day Relax. The fact that you're even considering taking the AP U.S. History exam means you're smart, hard-working, and ambitious. All you need is to get up to speed on the exam's topics and themes and take a couple of practice tests to get comfortable with its question formats and time limits. That's where Wiley AP U.S. History comes in. This user-friendly and completely reliable guide helps you get the most out of any AP U.S. History class and reviews all of the topics emphasized on the test. It also provides two full-length practice exams, complete with detailed answer explanations and scoring guides. This powerful prep guide helps you practice and perfect all of the skills you need to get your best possible score. And, as a special bonus, you'll also get a handy primer to help you prepare for the test-taking experience. A detailed overview of the test Subject reviews covering all test topics Practice questions Sample free-response questions Strategies and solid test-taking advice Supplemented with handy lists of test-taking tips and more, Wiley AP U.S. History helps you make exam day a very good day, indeed.
“It is, I contend, no small achievement to survive the perfect family.” So Greg Malone says at the beginning of a graceful, generous and sometimes hilarious memoir of his childhood in the St. John’s of the 1950s and 60s. A memoir from one of Canada’s comic geniuses that is as moving as it is funny, about a young boy who survives, among other things, a school run by the Christian Brothers, encounters with the bullies of New Gower Street and the perfect family. We first meet Greg harnessed to a bush at a picnic wearing underpants on his head – a small boy squalling because he can’t take part in the goings-on. From here, Greg takes us on a wild ride through the streets of old St. John’s. We meet luminaries along the way, even Danny Williams, the future premier, sourly playing St. Bernadette in the all-boys’ play, with Greg hardly concealing his joy in performing as her “chatty sister.” Humble, poignant, funny and authentic – this is a delightful first book from a natural storyteller. Excerpt: I loved Barbara Lynn. Her sunny face was slightly freckled. She had blue eyes and her straight, caramel-blonde hair was pulled back and tied with a ribbon showing her high, smooth forehead. She had even, regular features and a smile that showed her perfect, white teeth. . . . We played house every day for endless summers and into the long winter nights, when she would take her big brother Basil’s long toboggan without asking, so the two of us could go sliding together down over the hill, under the pole light, across St. Clare Ave. and down into the Knights of Columbus field where the full moon glittered on the glazed snow, and the toboggan would fly along forever on the longest slide we’d ever had.
The USA has become the wealthiest and most powerful nation on earth, and the Rough Guide Historygives you a full overview of the country's remarkable evolution, in accessible style and handy format. Covering everything from the beginnings of human settlement to the aftermath of September 11, it features a continuous time-line, plus sidebars on Benjamin Franklin, Henry Ford, Malcolm X, the Iran-Contra affair and many other figures and topics. Illustrated throughout, and packed with illuminating quotations, the Rough Guide Historyis a vital reference for travellers and students alike.
From a title-winning boxer in Louisiana to a Broadway baritone in New York, Japanese Americans have long belied their popular representation as “quiet Americans.” Showcasing the lives and achievements of relatively unknown but remarkable people in Nikkei history, scholar and journalist Greg Robinson reveals the diverse experiences of Japanese Americans and explores a wealth of themes, including mixed-race families, artistic pioneers, mass confinement, civil rights activism, and queer history. Drawn primarily from Robinson’s popular writings in the San Francisco newspaper Nichi Bei Weekly and community website Discover Nikkei, The Unsung Great offers entertaining and compelling stories that challenge one-dimensional views of Japanese Americans. This collection breaks new ground by devoting attention to Nikkei beyond the West Coast—including the vibrant communities of New York and Chicago, as well as the little-known history of Japanese Americans in the US South. Expertly researched and accessibly written, The Unsung Great brings to light a constellation of varied and incredible life stories.
First published in 1991, The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Central America and the Caribbean provides a guide to the most important organizations, figures, events and themes in the contemporary politics of Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. The countries covered include Mexico, Guatamala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Grenada, St Vincent, St Lucia, Dominica, St Kitt’s-Nevis, Antigua and Puerto Rico. The background information supplied in the book explains how, for many in Central America, the guerrilla wars have merely been the intensification of a conflict previously fought by the likes of Nicaragua’s Sandino or the Salvadorean Farabundo Marti, and before them by the Indian leaders who resisted the Spanish settlement. Although first published in 1991, this book will be a valuable resource for journalists, students, diplomats, business people, and anyone else who is interested in the politics of this richly diverse continent.
The Reverend Howard Finster was twenty feet tall, suspended in darkness. Or so he appeared in the documentary film that introduced a teenaged Greg Bottoms to the renowned outsider artist whose death would help inspire him, fourteen years later, to travel the country. Beginning in Georgia with a trip to Finster’s famous Paradise Gardens, his journey—of which The Colorful Apocalypse is a masterly chronicle—is an unparalleled look into the lives and visionary works of some of Finster’s contemporaries: the self-taught evangelical artists whose beliefs and oeuvres occupy the gray area between madness and Christian ecstasy. With his prodigious gift for conversation and quietly observant storytelling, Bottoms draws us into the worlds of such figures as William Thomas Thompson, a handicapped ex-millionaire who painted a 300-foot version of the book of Revelation; Norbert Kox, an ex-member of the Outlaws biker gang who now lives as a recluse in rural Wisconsin and paints apocalyptic visual parables; and Myrtice West, who began painting to express the revelatory visions she had after her daughter was brutally murdered. These artists’ works are as wildly varied as their life stories, but without sensationalizing or patronizing them, Bottoms—one of today’s finest young writers—gets at the heart of what they have in common: the struggle to make sense, through art, of their difficult personal histories. In doing so, he weaves a true narrative as powerful as the art of its subjects, a work that is at once an enthralling travelogue, a series of revealing biographical portraits, and a profound meditation on the chaos of despair and the ways in which creativity can help order our lives.
During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, France was plagued by war and crop failures and was desperately in need of supplies. Legally and illegally, French privateers and cruisers took cargo from merchant vessels of every nation, perhaps the United States more than any other. At least 6,479 U.S. claims involving more than 2,300 vessels were filed and these claims give a close approximation of American goods lost to the French. The three main sections of this reference book present a comprehensive accounting of the losses (arranged by ship), descriptions of court cases involving important questions of law, and the disposition of claims. Also included are a glossary, a list of geographical locations mentioned in the text, and an overview of relevant acts of Congress, proclamations, treaties, and foreign decrees.
A collection of anecdotes and excerpts collected from Chicago's rich literary legacy, with profiles of the neighborhoods featured in key works and those that inspired some of the city's authors.
The Rough Guide to the USA is the most comprehensive and colourful guide to the fifty states available. There are lively accounts of every region and attraction from the bright lights of Broadway to the vast open plains of Wyoming. The guide gives refreshingly opinionated reviews of the established sights and landmarks as well as uncovering many of the lesser-known gems, allowing the visitor to make the most of their trip. There are feature boxes that provide information on a variety of subjects from the Delta blues to the geology of the Grand Canyon. There are also maps and plans to help you navigate around the major attractions, inner city streets or interstates
WINNER OF THE PULITZER PRIZE A new and eye-opening interpretation of the meaning of the frontier, from early westward expansion to Trump’s border wall. Ever since this nation’s inception, the idea of an open and ever-expanding frontier has been central to American identity. Symbolizing a future of endless promise, it was the foundation of the United States’ belief in itself as an exceptional nation – democratic, individualistic, forward-looking. Today, though, America hasa new symbol: the border wall. In The End of the Myth, acclaimed historian Greg Grandin explores the meaning of the frontier throughout the full sweep of U.S. history – from the American Revolution to the War of 1898, the New Deal to the election of 2016. For centuries, he shows, America’s constant expansion – fighting wars and opening markets – served as a “gate of escape,” helping to deflect domestic political and economic conflicts outward. But this deflection meant that the country’s problems, from racism to inequality, were never confronted directly. And now, the combined catastrophe of the 2008 financial meltdown and our unwinnable wars in the Middle East have slammed this gate shut, bringing political passions that had long been directed elsewhere back home. It is this new reality, Grandin says, that explains the rise of reactionary populism and racist nationalism, the extreme anger and polarization that catapulted Trump to the presidency. The border wall may or may not be built, but it will survive as a rallying point, an allegorical tombstone marking the end of American exceptionalism.
Although Greg Francis is not a farmer, he planted a seed as a lead counsel in a groundbreaking class-action lawsuit that yielded the largest gain for Black farmers in U.S. history. Since the last slaves were freed in the United States more than a century ago, countless promises made to the Black community have been broken. The first, of course, was the pledge of 40 acres and a mule to each emancipated family. Without land to their name, achieving economic independence was a near impossibility, yet Black farmer persisted. At first, many labored under condition that replicated slavery until they became tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and ultimately landowners. Throughout the years, systemic discrimination and racism barred them from receiving government funds intended as much for them as for other farmers. Their land, livelihood, and very existence were threatened time and again. Just Harvest not only pays homage to all the Black farmers who fought to own the land they've worked for decades, but it also celebrates the largest civil rights settlement won on their behalf. When the first of two landmark class-action law suits secured restitution for only a fraction of the affected farmers, a second lawsuit was launched, yielding astounding results. Due to the efforts of Francis and other on the latter case, more than $1 billion dollars has been paid by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to Black farmers for the injustices they suffered. In telling the story of Black farmers and their epic legal battle, Francis provides both personal and historical context. If you're American, these events should have personal and historical resonance for you too."--Page 2 of cover
With its rich literary tradition, the Midwest provides a wealth of opportunities for bibliophiles to retrace the steps of their favorite writers and characters. The Booklover's Guide to the Midwest is a treasure map in book form, pointing the way to the heartland's most interesting literary sites. Walk down the actual Main Street that Sinclair Lewis described in his classic novel, or among the gravestones that inspired Edgar Lee Masters' Spoon River Anthology. See Laura Ingalls Wilder's ''little House in the Big Woods'' and get lost in the very same cave that Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn explored. Visit Petoskey, Michigan, the setting of Hemingway's Nick Adams stories. Other poets and writers put readers in touch with pond life, sand dune architecture, Native Americans, and the great expanse of the prairie. Descriptions of each states' sites are arranged so that travelers can drive or walk from place to place with ease.
From the bold, beloved comic and podcast star Greg Proops comes a “terrifically random appreciation of cultural touchstones” (Publishers Weekly) that is electrifying, thought-provoking, and unrelenting, full of rapid-fire references, historical name-checking, Satchel Paige bon mots, and genuine wisdom. Greg Proops is an internationally renowned comedian, best known for starring on the hit improv-comedy show Whose Line Is It Anyway? and for his popular award-winning podcast, “The Smartest Man in the World,” which Rolling Stone called “some of the boldest comedy on the podcasting frontier right now.” But Proops is also a fountain of historical knowledge, a wealth of pop culture trivia, and a generally charming know-it-all. The Smartest Book in the World is a rollicking reference guide to the most essential areas of knowledge in Proops’s universe, from history’s juiciest tales and curious backstories to the movies you must see and the albums you must hear. Full of eclectic and humorous knowledge, it is a concentrated collection and comic cultural dictionary of the essential Proops topics including poetry, proper punctuation, and Satchel Paige, all delivered with his signature style, making the full Proops experience complete. So if you’re stuck wondering why Alexander was so Great (well, he did conquer the world), which cinema bombshell would be the best shortstop (Hedy Lamarr, of course), what great work of art would be the best to steal (not that you would), or the finest way to prepare vodka-flavored vodka (add vodka), don’t fret, pumpkin butter—The Smartest Book in the World has what you need right now.
“A fascinating window into an aspect of Jackie Kennedy Onassis that few of us know.” —USA Today History remembers Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis as the consummate first lady, the nation’s tragic widow, the millionaire’s wife, and, of course, the quintessential embodiment of elegance. Her biographers, however, skip over an equally important stage in her life: her nearly twenty-year-long career as a book editor. Jackie as Editor is the first book to focus exclusively on this remarkable woman’s editorial career. At the age of forty-six, Jacket went to work for the first time in twenty-two years. Greg Lawrence, who had three of his books edited by Jackie, draws from interviews with more than 125 of her former collaborators and acquaintances to examine one of the twentieth century’s most enduring subjects of fascination through a new angle. Over the last third of her life, Jackie shepherded more than a hundred books through the increasingly corporate halls of Viking and Doubleday, publishing authors as diverse as Diana Vreeland, Louis Auchincloss, George Plimpton, Bill Moyers, Dorothy West, Naguib Mahfouz, and even Michael Jackson. Jackie as Editor gives intimate new insights into the life of a complex and enigmatic woman. “Fascinating.” —Town & Country “Perceptive, impressively researched.” —Publishers Weekly “You can tell a lot about the late First Lady’s life by the books she loved, and those she edited in her nearly two decades as a publishing executive.” —O Magazine “A deeply admiring portrait.” —Kirkus Reviews “A must for Jackie fans.” —Sarah Bradford, New York Times–bestselling author of America’s Queen: The Life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Fizzes with clever vignettes and juicy tidbits... [a] joyous romp of a book.' Guardian 'A fascinating, rollicking book in search of why, where and how fame strikes. Sit back and enjoy the ride.' Peter Frankopan, author of The Silk Roads '[An] engaging and well-researched book... Jenner brings his material to vivid life' Observer Celebrity, with its neon glow and selfie pout, strikes us as hypermodern. But the famous and infamous have been thrilling, titillating, and outraging us for much longer than we might realise. Whether it was the scandalous Lord Byron, whose poetry sent female fans into an erotic frenzy; or the cheetah-owning, coffin-sleeping, one-legged French actress Sarah Bernhardt, who launched a violent feud with her former best friend; or Edmund Kean, the dazzling Shakespearean actor whose monstrous ego and terrible alcoholism saw him nearly murdered by his own audience - the list of stars whose careers burned bright before the Age of Television is extensive and thrillingly varied. In this ambitious history, that spans the Bronze Age to the coming of Hollywood's Golden Age, Greg Jenner assembles a vibrant cast of over 125 actors, singers, dancers, sportspeople, freaks, demigods, ruffians, and more, in search of celebrity's historical roots. He reveals why celebrity burst into life in the early eighteenth century, how it differs to ancient ideas of fame, the techniques through which it was acquired, how it was maintained, the effect it had on public tastes, and the psychological burden stardom could place on those in the glaring limelight. DEAD FAMOUS is a surprising, funny, and fascinating exploration of both a bygone age and how we came to inhabit our modern, fame obsessed society.
Around the world there are grandparents, parents, and children who can still sing ditties by Tigger or Baloo the Bear or the Seven Dwarves. This staying power and global reach is in large part a testimony to the pizzazz of performers, songwriters, and other creative artists who worked with Walt Disney Records. Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records chronicles for the first time the fifty-year history of the Disney recording companies launched by Walt Disney and Roy Disney in the mid-1950s, when Disneyland Park, Davy Crockett, and the Mickey Mouse Club were taking the world by storm. The book provides a perspective on all-time Disney favorites and features anecdotes, reminiscences, and biographies of the artists who brought Disney magic to audio. Authors Tim Hollis and Greg Ehrbar go behind the scenes at the Walt Disney Studios and discover that in the early days Walt Disney and Roy Disney resisted going into the record business before the success of "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" ignited the in-house label. Along the way, the book traces the recording adventures of such Disney favorites as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Cinderella, Bambi, Jiminy Cricket, Winnie the Pooh, and even Walt Disney himself. Mouse Tracks reveals the struggles, major successes, and occasional misfires. Included are impressions and details of teen-pop princesses Annette Funicello and Hayley Mills, the Mary Poppins phenomenon, a Disney-style "British Invasion," and a low period when sagging sales forced Walt Disney to suggest closing the division down. Complementing each chapter are brief performer biographies, reproductions of album covers and art, and facsimiles of related promotional material. Mouse Tracks is a collector's bonanza of information on this little-analyzed side of the Disney empire. Learn more about the book and the authors at www.mousetracksonline.com.
An early NFL franchise, the Providence Steam Roller brought major league sports to Rhode Island for the first time. Playing at a bicycle arena known as the Cycledrome, the team thrilled thousands of fans in its brief history. Only a short time after sitting atop the pro football world for one glorious season, it ceased to exist. This book brings the Providence Steam Roller back to life in the first thorough examination of one of the most unusual franchises in NFL history. The team toiled in the NFL from 1925 to 1931 after nine years as an independent professional squad. The Steam Roller achieved many firsts in NFL history: it was the first NFL team in New England, hosted the first night game in NFL history, and is the last now-defunct team to win an NFL championship. Many who wore the black and orange uniform played professional football not for the money but for the love of the game and to represent the city of Providence.
America loves Luann. Through Luann's teenage adventures and misadventures, this delightful strip illustrates the task of being a modern teen. The agony of the summer job, the thrill of crushes on cute lifeguards, the excitement of the shopping mall, the terror of parents watching their children navigate life-it's all there in Dates and Other Disasters, another compilation of Greg Evans's insightful humor. Nominated four times as Cartoonist of the Year by the National Cartoonists Society, Greg Evans has been pleasing audiences of all ages with Luann since she first appeared in the late 1980s. She was a popular part of Teen magazine in the 1990s and has served as the spokestoon for Girls Inc. and Tambrands. This ""everygirl"" teen representative is also the star of a series of health and fitness brochures distributed to clinics, schools, and hospitals worldwide by Journeyworks Publishing. Everyone can relate to Luann's trials, missteps, and frustrations-preteens, teens, post-teens, adult readers who exclaim, ""Phew! I'm glad that's over!"" plus parents who relive the adventures with their own kids. Dates and Other Disasters expresses a universal message that declares no matter how times change, the trials of being a teenager are always the same!
DIV Everyone must choose a side. DIVIn the aftermath of Dras Weldon’s stand against the Strange Man, Dras’s older brother, Jeff, discovers that the demon’s arrival in Greensboro did not come as a surprise to everyone./divDIV /divDIVConsumed by guilt, Jeff embarks on a crusade to expose the town’s secrets. As he works to unravel the treachery that exists among the people he once trusted, his thirst for vengeance leads him down a dangerous path as his moral lines begin to blur and his obsession pushes away those closest to him./divDIV /divDIVMeanwhile, the Strange Man grows closer to claiming Rosalyn for his own evil designs. The Dark Hour is coming to this small town, and the battle lines have been drawn. In the end, lives will be lost, relationships tested, and perceptions altered, as everyone must take a stand and choose how they will face the coming evil./divDIV /divDIVEnemies of the Cross is the second act of a trilogy that depicts a world where monsters are real and simple men and women must overcome their doubts and fears in order to stand against the unspeakable creatures of the night./div/div
BACK IN PRINT AND BESSER THAN EVER! For more than six decades, Joe Besser brought gales of laughter to millions—in vaudeville, on Broadway, on radio, in motion pictures, and on television. From his days working as a bumbling assistant to the world-famous Thurston the Magician, he carved out success with his own act—that of a childlike sissy who brandished his foils with a flick of the wrist and such hilarious verbal assaults as “Ooh, you crazy you!” and “Not so f-a-s-t!” From stage to film and television screens, the famed roly-poly comedian left an indelible mark–from starring in his own feature films and short-subject series for Columbia Pictures, to dishing out huge laughs on scores of popular programs of the day, most notably as the malevolent brat “Stinky” on The Abbott and Costello Show, to stepping in to replace Shemp Howard after his death as a member of Three Stooges comedy team. Followed by countless more laugh out-loud performances in movies and on television, from playing the frustrated superintendent, Jillson, on The Joey Bishop Show to voicing Saturday morning cartoons, his legacy still lives on today, thanks to reruns of his classic work. Illustrating a passing age of American humor, ONCE A STOOGE, ALWAYS A STOOGE tells the whole story. Jam-packed with timeless remembrances, Besser vividly recounts it all–the personal ups and downs, the classic skits and routines that became his hallmark, and behind-the-scenes stories of show business icons who enriched his life and career, including Abbott and Costello, Fred Allen, Jack Benny, Milton Berle, Sammy Davis, Jr., Jerry Lewis, Olsen and Johnson, and many others. Previously unpublished anecdotes incorporated throughout, plus hundreds of new, many rare and one-of-a-kind illustrations and extensive appendices of the legendary funnyman’s stage, film, radio and TV appearances, round out this charming and thoughtfully written memoir. PRAISE FOR THE ORIGINAL EDITION: “An affectionate, thoroughly enjoyable remembrance of a lifetime spent on the road and on the screen.” -- LOS ANGELES TIMES “A fascinating look at the development of American entertainment from a person who managed to experience it all . . .” --PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER
In 1837 the Ioways, an Indigenous people who had called most of present-day Iowa and Missouri home, were suddenly bound by the Treaty of 1836 with the U.S. federal government to restrict themselves to a two-hundred-square-mile parcel of land west of the Missouri River. Forcibly removed to the newly created Great Nemaha Agency, the Ioway men, women, and children, numbering nearly a thousand, were promised that through hard work and discipline they could enter mainstream American society. All that was required was that they give up everything that made them Ioway. In Ioway Life, Greg Olson provides the first detailed account of how the tribe met this challenge during the first two decades of the agency’s existence. Within the Great Nemaha Agency’s boundaries, the Ioways lived alongside the U.S. Indian agent, other government employees, and Presbyterian missionaries. These outside forces sought to manipulate every aspect of the Ioways’ daily life, from their manner of dress and housing to the way they planted crops and expressed themselves spiritually. In the face of the white reformers’ contradictory assumptions—that Indians could assimilate into the American mainstream, and that they lacked the mental and moral wherewithal to transform—the Ioways became adept at accepting necessary changes while refusing religious and cultural conversion. Nonetheless, as Olson’s work reveals, agents and missionaries managed to plant seeds of colonialism that would make the Ioways susceptible to greater government influence later on—in particular, by reducing their self-sufficiency and undermining their traditional structure of leadership. Ioway Life offers a complex and nuanced picture of the Ioways’ efforts to retain their tribal identity within the constrictive boundaries of the Great Nemaha Agency. Drawing on diaries, newspapers, and correspondence from the agency’s files and Presbyterian archives, Olson offers a compelling case study in U.S. colonialism and Indigenous resistance.
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