This annual report from Her Majesty's Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales, covers the 2006-07 period. During this time the prison population increased to 81,500 prisoners, with over 1,000 a week being held in police cells, awaiting a prison place. The report also charts the effects on prisons and prisoners of an increasingly pressurised system. There were 40% more self-inflicted deaths in custody last year, particularly during a prisoners early days within the prison system, and particularly amongst groups of vulnerable prisoners, such as foreign nationals, indeterminate-sentenced and unsentenced prisoners and women. The effects of prison overcrowding place great strain on training prisons and local prisons, with more suicides, poorer resettlement outcomes and insufficient exercise activity. Further, the greater use of indeterminate sentences stranded many prisoners within inappropriate prisons further driving up the prison population. The Chief Inspector does commend the prison system stating they are better places than 10 to 15 years ago, with some prisons showing improvements. There are improvements in healthcare, though there are concerns expressed about such provision in private sector prisons. There is also more support during the vulnerable early days of custody, though too many prisoners spend their first night in a police cell. The Inspector believes the prison system is at a crossroads and praises recent signs of a more effective and measured approach to policy and strategy, with new initiatives and good operational practice to build on. But, there is also a real risk that the prison system will move towards large-scale penal containment so losing the progress gained in improving the prison system.
During the inspection year (September 2008 to August 2009) a total of 93 custodial establishments were inspected. Each establishment is assessed against four healthy prison tests: safety, respect, purposeful activity and resettlement. 72 per cent of assessments were positive. Full inspection reports made 4,513 recommendations for improvement, of which 96 per cent were accepted, wholly or in principle, by the National Offender Management Service. Unannounced follow-up inspections found that overall 67 per cent of recommendations had been achieved. Open and women's prisons performed best, with training prisons showing the lowest level of achievement. The Inspectorate published 103 reports on a wide range of establishments and topics. The annual report reflects on progress in reducing the women's prison population, contrasting with no discernable progress for young adults in prison who remain a neglected and under-resourced age-group with a high rate of re-offending. The report stresses the continual pressure from an increasing population set against actual and threatened budget cuts. Population pressure affects the whole system - stretching resources and managerial energy, keeping in use buildings that should be condemned, doubling-up prisoners in cramped cells, leading to unnecessary and destabilising prisoner moves. All this compromises successful rehabilitation. In 2009 the Inspectorate became the co-ordinator for the UK's National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) established under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment. The NPM consists of 18 existing bodies which are independent and have the right to inspect all places of detention.
The number of older prisoners is now very high and is likely to remain so - partly caused by the increase in convictions for historic sexual offences. The growth of the older prison population and the severity of the needs of that population, warrant a national strategy in order to provide for them effectively. Older and disabled prisoners should no longer be held in institutions which cannot meet their basic needs nor should they be released back into the community without adequate support. There are some excellent prison officers and charity workers who are providing essential social care but an ad hoc system means that too often older prisoners have to rely on the goodwill of officers and their fellow inmates to fulfill the most basic of care needs. The responsibility to adapt the prison environment so that it suits less able prisoners lies with a prison's senior management team and the National Offender Management Service (NOMS). NOMS should conduct a comprehensive analysis of prisons' physical compliance with disability discrimination and age equality laws. The Committee does not believe there is a need for the expansion of segregated older prisoner units or wings. However, NOMS should ensure all prisons have an older prisoner policy that provides age and ability specific regimes. Furthermore older prisoners who are released after a long period of incarceration must have a resettlement and care plan. At present older prisoners are frequently released to no fixed abode undermining all work that has been made towards resettlement
There is a pressing need for more prison places in Wales. There are only four prisons in Wales, all of which are in South Wales. The Committee urges the Government to be flexible in its approach, which would be consistent with the considered views expressed in recent reports by the Justice Select Committee.
The Committee's report examines the causes of deaths in custody, and considers what may be done to prevent these deaths, and better protect the right to life and other human rights, of vulnerable people held in the custody of the state. Issues discussed include: human rights standards applicable under the European Convention on Human Rights; the scale of the problem and concerns relating to the wider penal system in which these deaths occur, including the issue of overcrowding in prisons and sentencing practice; risk assessment and management, including reception in police custody, immigration detention and the provision of physical and mental healthcare in detention; the use of physical restraint and seclusion; staffing and training issues; investigations into deaths in custody and inquiries. Recommendations include the establishment of a cross-departmental expert task-force on deaths in custody to monitor the topic, review good practice standards, publish information and to make recommendations to Government.
This report looks at how young people aged 15 to 18 describe their own experience of imprisonment in 2010-11. The number of children and young people in custody, held in young offender institutions, continued to fall during 2010-11 from 1,977 to 1,822. As a result, in 2010-11 the children and young people's estate has reduced, with 710 spaces decommissioned and five young offender institutions closed, including a unit for young women. Demographic information indicates a changing profile of the children and young people in custody and reflects the vulnerability of the population. The proportion of black and minority ethnic young men, already over-represented, rose to 39% (from 33% in 2009-10), the number of foreign national young men increased to 6% (from 4% in 2009-10) and the number who identified as Muslim reached 16% (compared with 13% in 2009-10). However, this report found that while conditions for some had improved, for the majority the experience had deteriorated. Compared with 2009/10, young men were less positive about their treatment in reception and the facilities offered on arrival, and fewer said that they felt safe on their first night.
Royal assent, 8 March 2012. An Act to authorise the use of resources for the years ending with 31 March 2012 and 31 March 2013; to authorise the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund for those years and for the year ending with 31 March 2011; and to appropriate the supply authorised by this Act for the years ending with 31 March 2011 and 31 March 2012
Oral and Written Evidence, Tuesday 8 November 2005; Ms Frances Crook, Ms Pauline Campbell, Ms Deborah Coles, Ms Juliet Lyon and Mr Geoff Dobson; Rt Hon Baroness Scotland of Asthal QC, Ms Christine Knott, Mr Phil Wheatley and Mr John Boyington
Oral and Written Evidence, Tuesday 8 November 2005; Ms Frances Crook, Ms Pauline Campbell, Ms Deborah Coles, Ms Juliet Lyon and Mr Geoff Dobson; Rt Hon Baroness Scotland of Asthal QC, Ms Christine Knott, Mr Phil Wheatley and Mr John Boyington
Prison suicides and Overcrowding : Oral and written evidence, Tuesday 8 November 2005, Ms Frances Crook, Ms Pauline Campbell, Ms Deborah Coles, Ms Juliet Lyon and Mr Geoff Dobson; Rt Hon Baroness Scotland of Asthal QC, Ms Christine Knott, Mr Phil Wheatley
This report discusses the pre-appointment hearing of the preferred candidate, Tom Winsor, to the post of Chief Inspector of Constabulary. Pre-appointment hearings are to assess the suitability of the preferred candidate, but that cannot be done effectively in a vacuum and the Committee were disappointed that the Home Secretary initially refused to provide information on the selection process or the shortlist. The Committee recommends that the Government in future provide such information in keeping with the recommendation from the Liaison Committee. The Home Affairs Committee is content for the Home Secretary to proceed with Mr Winsor's appointment. This is considered against the background that his nomination was controversial. If appointed he will be the first Chief Inspector who has never served as a police officer. They urge Mr Winsor to reach out to forces, police officers of all ranks and their representative bodies to build bridges. He must create a strong relationship with forces and with police and crime commissioners. The Home Affairs Committee will take a continued interest in the work of the Chief Inspector and look forward to hearing evidence from him on a regular basis
The Ministry of Justice are transforming how they manage offenders, so that they are both punished when they break the law, and are also more supported to get their chaotic lives back on track. They now want to make sure that these same principles are applied to the way young adults in custody are managed. Young adults (18-20 year olds) who are held in custody are usually accommodated in Young Offender Institutions (YOIs) rather than adult prisons. The context in which this was an effective means of managing this group has changed, and the current approach is no longer appropriate or effective. They are proposing a new approach to managing young adults that takes into account the challenges of this age group as well as ensuring they benefit from wider reforms. Many young adults are still maturing and sometimes lack the skills to negotiate complex social situations. When large numbers of people in this age group are held together, they can become so volatile it becomes difficult for staff to manage them. If this continues, there is a danger that the experience of young adults in custody will become more about containment and less about rehabilitation and supporting them to desist from offending. In the new framework, it is proposed that all young adults will be accommodated in mixed institutions, where resources are targeted on their risks and rehabilitation and resettlement needs. The aim is to ensure that their time in custody is both safe and effective.
In light of the transfer of responsibility for prison education to the Department for Education and Skills (DfES), the Committee's report examines the provision of education and training in prisons, including the overall strategy for prison education, delivery structures at national, regional and local levels, programme contents in comparison to external standards, and barriers to delivery across the wider prison regime. Findings include that current provision is unacceptable in terms of quantity and quality of provision, and a fundamental shift in approach is required. Although there has been an increase in resources available, in 2004 on average only a third of prisoners had access to prison education at any one time. The Committee highlights the need for an overarching strategy and higher priority to be given to prison education, based on recognition of its role in helping to reduce recidivism through rehabilitation, and suited to meet the needs of individual prisoners to ensure they have a real alternative to crime on release.
This is the Committee's first major inquiry on prisons planning and policies in this Parliament, and it has provided an opportunity to consider the impact of the Government's programme of reforms and efficiency savings across the prison estate. These policies have been implemented alongside the creation of working prisons and resettlement prisons, designed to improve the effectiveness of the prison estate in increasing employability and reducing re-offending, as well as the tightening of operational policies on earned privileges and temporary release in order to improve their public credibility. They have also come at a time when the total prison population has returned to very high levels. The Committee expresses concern that despite the Government's efforts to supply sufficient prison places to meet demand, the proportion of prisons that are overcrowded is growing, and the proportion of prisoners held in crowded conditions remains at almost a quarter, with consequent effects on the ability to maintain constructive regimes. The Committee welcomes the reduction which has taken place in the cost of a prison place, although the Committee notes that it remains high, and is unlikely to fall significantly while the pressures on estate capacity remain at current levels
Public authorities have a duty to ensure looked after children are not at greater risk of being drawn into the criminal justice system than other children. The relevant authorities must continue to support looked after children and care leavers when they are in, and when they leave, custody. The substantial decrease since 2006/07 in the number of young people entering the criminal justice system for the first time is welcomed but looked after children have not benefited from this shift to the same extent as other children. The Youth Justice Board has done excellent work to halve the youth custodial population over the past decade but continues to spend £246 million a year detaining a small fraction of young offenders. Recommendations include: a statutory threshold to enshrine in legislation the principle that only the most serious and prolific young offenders should be placed in custody; devolving the custody budget to enable local authorities to invest in effective alternatives to custody; and more action to reduce the number of young people who breach the terms of their community sentences and the number of young black men in custody. The aim of improving the basic literacy of offenders, as outlined in the Transforming Youth Custody consultation paper is endorsed, but is it most useful to focus resources on the secure estate, given that the average length of stay is currently 79 days? The greater focus should be on improving transition between custody and the community, and on improving provision in the community and incentivising schools and colleges to take back difficult students.
There has been an increasing awareness over the past few decades of bullying and the effect it has on the educational and social achievements of children and young people. The Committee's report examines the progress that has been made to address this problem since the introduction of the 'Don't Suffer in Silence' pack in 1994, the barriers that prevent schools from tackling bullying effectively, issues of prejudice-driven bullying including SEN-related, homophobic and faith-based bullying, and cyber-bullying. The report finds that defining what bullying is and identifying instances of bullying is the first potential barrier to successfully tackling the problem. Teachers and staff, pupils and parents should all be aware of their school's definition of bullying and how this affects their own behaviour, with the attitude and engagement of head teachers vital to tackling bullying. The focus of anti-bullying guidance should be tackling bullying behaviour and making it clear that such behaviour is not acceptable, rather than attempting to change the behaviour of the victim. The DfES should issue new guidance to local authorities and schools on when the use of exclusion is appropriate. The lack of accurate reliable data on bullying is another barrier to more effective anti-bullying work, and the Government should commission a long-term study of a number of schools, looking at both general trends in bullying and also the effectiveness of different approaches in different circumstances. The report also recommends that the Government needs to foster a culture where schools are encouraged to be open about incidents of bullying, have effective ways of dealing with bullying when it occurs and provide support the victims of bullying, rather than fearing reporting incidents of bullying will damage their reputation.
This report describes the Government's plans for placing high quality education at the centre of youth custody. Plans to reform youth custody will see young people appropriately punished while at the same time learning to take responsibility for their actions and gaining the skills and qualifications they need to lead productive, law-abiding lives. Secure Colleges would provide education in a period of detention rather than detention with education as an afterthought. The consultation paper covers: key information on youth custody and the young people held there; the case for change; our vision for Secure Colleges which place education at the heart of the system. The main areas for consideration by all respondents are: tailoring education to young people in custody; meeting the wider needs of young people in custody; closing the gap between custody and community; the physical environment and meeting demand; a focus on outcomes. All responses should be submitted by 30 April 2013
The Report follows a pre-appointment scrutiny hearing which the Committee held on Tuesday 24 November with Mr Peter Clarke, the Secretary of State's preferred candidate for HM Chief Inspector of Prisons, and Glenys Stacey, the preferred candidate for HM Chief Inspector of Probation.
Government plans to introduce payment-by-results in probation services need to be redesigned in respect of women offenders-who are often classified as presenting a lower risk of reoffending-so that they receive the intensive tailored support they need. The Government's strategic priorities for women offenders lack substance and in particular must take a broader approach to supporting women at risk of reoffending and addressing the inter-generational nature of crime. The Committee welcomes the Government's extension of through the gate statutory support to prisoners sentenced to less than 12 months, likely to benefit many women offenders. However, potential providers of rehabilitative services need to recognise that levels of risk posed by women may not reflect the level of support such women require. Although progress has been made since the Corston recommendations, a number of concerns remain: the women's prison population has not fallen sufficiently fast; over half of women offenders continue to receive ineffective short-custodial sentences; mental health and substance misuse treatment which could reduce use of custody remains unavailable to Courts in sufficient volume. Maintaining a network of women's centres and using residential alternatives to custody are likely to be more effective and cheaper in the long run than short custodial sentences. The Committee does not recommend substantive changes to the overall sentencing framework, but argues instead for more emphasis to be placed on ensuring courts are provided with robust alternatives to custody specifically appropriate to women
The current incumbent of the post of HM Chief Inspector of Prisons, Dame Anne Owers, is stepping down at the end of her second period of office. Mr Nicholas Hardwick, the founding Chairman of the Independent Police Complaints Authority is the preferred candidate for the post, put forward by the Justice Secretary. The Committee fully endorses the suitability of Mr Hardwick for this appointment.
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