Against a background where farm incomes are falling, the Government needs to recognise that cutting payments to England's farmers will reduce their ability to compete in the marketplace, will leave farmers less able to invest in vital infrastructure and may make them more vulnerable to shocks such as poor weather, higher input costs and price variations. The Committee also warns against plans to transfer more money away from direct payments to farmers by shifting it towards environmental schemes. It recommends that the Government maintains the current 9% rate of transfer away from the direct payment budget. This rate of transfer should rise to 15% in 2017 only if it can demonstrate that additional funds are required and that this change will deliver a clear benefit. Money should also only go to people who actually farm the land and meet an 'active farmer test'. From 2015, 30% of the direct payment will be conditional on farmers achieving basic environmental measures. A National Certification Scheme approach to 'greening' does not offer the flexibility to avoid the Commission's impractical crop diversification rule so the Government is right to dismiss this approach. A new, single IT system is being developed, and the Government want access to CAP funding to be 'digital by default', meaning farmers will have to apply online. A lot went wrong in the last round of changes, and these problems gave rise to £580 million in penalties. Does it make sense to introduce a new computer system at the same time as complex new payment rules?
With failure to meet its statutory obligation to end fuel poverty imminent, the Government should instigate an action plan as a matter of urgency to help the millions of UK households who remain in fuel poverty as a result of fuel price rises. This report (HCP 37, session 2008-09, ISBN 9780215530622) on Energy efficiency and fuel poverty from the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee states, that the Winter Fuel Payment should be made taxable and stopped for those paying higher rate tax so that more money can be directed to fund bigger and better-targeted energy efficiency programmes aimed in the first instance at the fuel poor. To ensure more rapid improvement of the entire English housing stock, the range of current energy efficiency programmes should be consolidated into one comprehensive area-based programme to upgrade all homes and to be delivered by local authorities. The Committee wants the Government to: produce a detailed "road map" setting out how to deliver a national plan to make every home in England energy efficient to a minimum SAP level of 65 and to SAP 81 wherever practicable (SAP is the Government's Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Rating of Dwellings and uses a scale of 1 to 100, with a higher rating indicating a better level of energy efficiency); create a central budget into which energy companies pay their CERT contributions so that they can be pooled with money from other programmes, to fund a single consolidated comprehensive, area-based programme led by local authorities to deliver the national plan. The Committee also concludes that: resources for tackling fuel poverty are inadequate and getting worse. Warm Front, should see its budget increased rather than cut repeatedly and should now be extended to include all hard-to-treat properties. All schemes designed to help the fuel poor or improve energy efficiency would be better targeted if those organisations in charge of their delivery had better access to data on a range of variables including energy efficiency levels in homes, household incomes and fuel costs. The Department for Energy & Climate Change should survey current data needs and access arrangements as a matter of urgency.
The Committee has examined the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) annual report and accounts for 2012-13 (HC 40, session 2013-14, ISBN 9780102985672). Defra is one of the smallest of Government Departments but it has faced among the most substantial budget cuts, which are set to continue up to 2016. Defra relies on a large number of arms length bodies to deliver many significant areas of policy. Ministers must clarify how further budgets cuts of over £300 million over the coming 2 years will impact on the funding provided to these agencies and the ability of the Department to respond to emergencies, exemplified by the flooding over Christmas and the New Year. Among the most significant challenges facing the Department in the next 12 months is implementation of the new Common Agricultural Policy, and there are risks that the introduction of a new digital system for delivering payments to farms will cause problems for those farmers who do not have access to rural broadband. The Committee found that the results of the Defra staff survey revealed an increased lack of confidence in the management and leadership of the Department, issues which must be addressed. Further challenges facing Defra in the coming year include policy relating to bovine TB and badger culling, its proposals on biodiversity offsetting, the introduction of plastic bag charging, and examining the role and potential of GM technology in food production.
The demise on 3 June 2009 of Dairy Farmers of Britain (DFB) resulted in substantial losses for its 1,813 farmer members. It also resulted in more than a thousand job losses. A market crash was avoided, thanks to the positive response of - among others - the receivers, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the Welsh Assembly Government, and, in general the dairy industry itself. The Committee believes the way in which DFB pursued its vertical integration strategy was over-ambitious. No single factor caused the demise of the DFB although the purchase of Associated Cooperatives Creameries (ACC) for a total of £81 million in 2004 had lasting repercussions. They are satisfied that DFB did not fail because it was a co-operative. However, its failure draws attention to a number of ways in which UK dairy co-operatives could be strengthened. Defra should be offering advice and assistance and they are urged to set up a task force comprising the Financial Services Authority, members of the banking community and industry representatives to investigate ways to overcome constraints on capitalising agricultural co-operatives. Defra must also raise with the Treasury the need to ensure that farmers are not taxed on money that is only notionally paid out to them and actually retained by their co-operative. They also recommend that Defra produce a report examining governance and capital raising arrangements in successful co-operatives overseas. The collapse of DFB also draws attention to the urgent need to update insolvency legislation as it applies to co-operatives.
The Government must act to increase recycling rates across England by 2020. It also needs to be ensured that only genuinely residual waste is sent to energy-from-waste plants and to do more to encourage the use of heat outputs from such facilities to improve the overall energy efficiency of this waste management method. Defra 'stepped back' from waste management at a time when we need both a more ambitious approach to waste management and stronger Government leadership to drive up static recycling rates in England and make better use of energy recovery options such as local heating for homes. Ministers must now show that waste policy remains an important priority. On a household level there is too much confusion about what can or can't be recycled - and very little confidence in the process. Communication must improve and be tailored to local circumstances by local authorities, but Defra should provide support at a national level - particularly in relation to common issues and problems. The Committee calls for clear guidance from Defra on how much waste treatment capacity is needed in England to gain an optimal balance between the export of refuse-derived fuel and local treatment. MPs support the use of anaerobic digestion for processing waste, but not for use with purpose-grown crops. More work is also needed to address the issues surrounding separate food waste collections. MPs also call on the Government take action to curb the frequent occurrence of fires at waste management sites
There are around 15,000 active racing greyhounds in the UK today. Their welfare and the effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework are the focus of this report. New regulations on greyhound welfare were introduced in 2010 and are presently being reviewed by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Our witnesses agreed that the 2010 Regulations have made improvements in the welfare conditions for greyhounds at the racing track. However, it is not possible to definitively say how much improvement has occurred because of an absence of readily available data concerning key welfare indicators, particularly around injuries incurred while racing. Looking at the broader welfare situation we have identified a number of key findings and corresponding recommendations: (i) we recommend that Defra amend the 2010 Regulations to require the publication of essential welfare data relating to injury, euthanasia and rehoming numbers; (ii) bookmakers profiting from greyhound racing in any format (including online or overseas trade) have a responsibility to support greyhound welfare. We regard a statutory levy as the most effective mechanism to achieve this; and (iii) the 2010 Regulations should be extended beyond racetracks to cover standards at trainers' kennels and include independent verification of those standards
The Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee express concern that, more than one year on from publication of the natural environment white paper, "The Natural Choice: securing the value of nature" (Cm. 8082, ISBN 9780101808224), Defra has failed to set out clear plans to ensure that government decision-making fully values the services nature provides. All government policy should fully value natural capital. Government Ministers must also: publish an action plan with a timetable to deliver each of the White Paper's 92 commitments; give planners and developers guidance on how the National Planning Policy Framework can be used to protect Nature Improvement Areas; fully assess the benefits and costs of environmental regulation, to prevent a perception that environmental protection imposes a drag on the UK economy; publish the Government's response to advice from the Natural Capital Committee. The report also concludes that: biodiversity offsetting can deliver positive impacts on the natural environment; the target to end all peat use by 2030 shows a lamentable lack of ambition and a review of progress must be brought forward to 2014; Defra must set a target to increase public engagement with nature, since local authorities, NGOs and charities can only secure funding for environmental projects when they can demonstrate measurable success; the Department for Health and the Department for Education must define measurements which demonstrate how greater public engagement with nature delivers gains in public health and educational attainment; the entire coastal path around England should be in place within 10 years.
The Committee agrees that Ministers must be responsible for policy, but there was confusion about where responsibility lay for responding to the horse meat discovery and urges the Government to reconsider the machinery of government changes it made in 2010 and make the FSA one step removed from the Government departments it reports to. Those responsible for the horsemeat scandal must be identified and prosecuted in order to restore consumer confidence in the UK's frozen meat sector. There was also surprise at the comparatively large number of horse carcasses from the UK which tested positive for the veterinary drug bute. A newly introduced system for testing horses for bute before they are released to the food system must continue with government and industry sharing the cost. The Committee also recommends: the Food Standards Agency must be more effective and given powers to compel industry to carry out food testing when needed; large retailers must carry out regular DNA testing of meat ingredients for frozen and processed meat products, with the costs borne by industry; all test results must be submitted to the FSA and a summary published on the retailers' website; the present system for issuing horse passports must change and a single national database be established in all EU Member States; the FSA should have powers to ensure all local authorities carry out some food sampling each year; local authorities should adopt targeted sampling without requiring intelligence to support it; the Government should ensure there are sufficient, properly trained public analysts in the UK
The Committees report examines the actions that will be necessary to adapt to changes in flooding and water availability caused by climate change. There are a number of steps that the Government should take to reduce future flood risk, with a key consideration being the planning of new housing developments to avoid building on flood plains, where possible. Where this is necessary, developments should be designed to be as resilient as possible to flooding, utilising sustainable drainage systems and including areas such as parks in order to contain floodwater. Existing sewer systems will need upgrading and new systems must be built to cope with higher storm flows. Greater attention needs to be paid by the Government to the issue of water shortages due to drier summers, including considering alternative water pricing mechanisms to relate costs more directly to amount used, and ensuring building regulations pay greater attention to water efficiency. Water companies must also do more to reduce water leakages.
The myriad choices millions of people make every day over what food to buy and from where to buy it shape the nation's food production and supply systems. It is essential to harness these decisions to support the public policy goal of enabling all to access healthy and affordable food. Both supply and demand issues must be managed if a growing world population is to be fed at a time when environmental impacts, including those of climate change, are constraining food production. In this report the Committee make recommendations on managing consumer demand, such as by encouraging the purchase of sustainably sourced products or the most nutritious food in order to help to deliver environmental and health goals.
The long-term securing of the UK's food supplies is a fundamental responsibility of Government. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) must concentrate on building capacity in the food and farming industries so that they can respond to market signals in ways that will reduce the risk of food shortages. Producing sufficient food is only part of the challenge: how food is produced is equally important. The Committee notes that increases in production will have to take place in the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the food system, reducing reliance on fossil fuel-derived inputs, and conserving soil and water. Consumer engagement will be vital if Defra is to achieve its vision for the UK food system. The report does not advocate food self-sufficiency for the UK and emphasises the importance of strong trading relationships with a variety of countries. Defra's response to the challenge of securing food supplies must take place in a European and global context. The focus of the reformed Common Agricultural Policy must be on sustainable food production, whilst encouraging European farmers to make their contribution to meeting the world's future food demands. The Committee also highlights the development of "food colonialism" or "land grabbing"- a phenomenon that involves the large-scale acquisition of land overseas by wealthy investors in order to grow food for people in the investor country. The report also calls for an urgent increase in spending on public-sector food and farming research.
Urgent action is required to establish the numbers of primates kept in captivity by private individuals across the UK and to improve their welfare. Little is known about the types and numbers of primates being kept or traded by private individuals in the UK and about the manner in which they are being kept. A ban is not ruled out, but such a step must be based on solid evidence and cannot be imposed before every opportunity to improve the operation of our existing framework has been exhausted. Defra should commission independent research to establish the extent of the problems in this area and to report with a plan of action within six months of receiving the research results. The Government must ensure that standards for primates kept in private match those required in zoos. The quality of care that these animals enjoy should be the same whether they are kept in a circus, a pet shop, a private home or a zoo. If the Committee's suggested changes prove insufficient and the evidence for doing so proves compelling, then a ban on the trade and keeping of privately kept primates should remain an option for the future. The report also calls for the Government to: ensure that legislation governing pet sales is fit for the internet age; boost public awareness of existing regulatory controls and guidance; increase the utility and efficacy of the Primate Code; expedite the publication of guidance to local authorities on the Dangerous Wild Animals Act.
The European Commission demanded in March that desinewed meat, which closely resembles minced meat and is used in many processed meat products, must be classified as "mechanically separated meat." Under EU rules, this meant that it could no longer be obtained from the bones of cattle, sheep and goats. The Government was caught unawares and has so far failed to protect UK producers despite that it has made it clear that there are no food safety risks associated with the use of desinewed meat. This report highlights the impact that the Commission's decision has had on the UK meat industry. One producer of desinewed meat, Newby Foods Ltd, has been forced to make almost half of its workforce redundant. Consumers are also expected to pay a price as desinewed meat, traditionally used in value ranges, is replaced by more expensive cuts of meat. The Committee's inquiry found that although similar processes are used elsewhere in the EU, only the UK has been forced into a ban after being threatened with "safeguarding measures" by the Commission. Now we must put pressure on the Commission to bring forward visits to other Member States so that there is a level playing field for our producers. We are now in the absurd situation where we could see this meat imported from elsewhere in the EU to take the place of domestically produced meat. The Committee also criticises the European Commission for failing to provide oral evidence to the Committee's inquiry, saying that it shows a "worrying disregard for democratic accountability
This report had endorsed draft laws to extend dangerous dogs offences to attacks on private property and on assistance dogs. But the MPs criticise the Government for failing to bring in wider measures, including Dog Control Notices, to tackle out-of-control dogs. MPs also endorse the proposed amendment to the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 making attacks on private land the same as attacks on public land. The current law makes it impossible to bring criminal charges against an owner whose dog attacks someone in a private place, such as a home. The Committee welcomed the proposal to enable action to be taken regardless of where a dog attack happens. The Committee agree with the Government that the protection from prosecution should apply only when an attack takes place on a trespasser in the house, not in a surrounding area such as the garden or drive. However, measures taken by the owner to minimise the likelihood of their dog acting aggressively toward someone unexpectedly in such places should be taken into account by enforcement agencies and the courts. MPs fully support the measures to extend offences to those committed against an assistance dog, such as a guide dog, in the same way as if the attack were on a person. This reflects the significant consequences such attacks have on the daily lives of people who rely on assistance dogs. The Committee recommends that such offences should be extended to apply to any attack which injures a protected animal, such as a horse or livestock.
The Government must not neglect maintenance of flood defences and watercourses if homes, businesses and farmland are to gain better protection against future flooding risk, the EFRA Committee warns in this report of an inquiry triggered by the recent winter floods. The Committee calls for fully funded plans to address the current backlog of dredging and watercourse maintenance as well as to maintain the growing numbers of man-made flood defences. The devolution of maintenance activity to internal drainage boards and to local landowners, wherever possible, is supported. The Committee also urges the Government to address the confusion over maintenance responsibilities through a widespread education campaign. It is essential that Environment Agency funding cuts do not lead to unintended consequences where funding is redirected to one operational area to the detriment of another. The report also calls for a reassurance from Defra that frontline flood jobs at the Environment Agency will not be cut. The Committee identifies the current split between capital and revenue budgets as a major barrier to targeting funding according to local priorities, and can see no reason why the Government cannot move to a total expenditure approach for flood funding to allow more flexibility to spend in the most effective way.
The UK is currently 68% self-sufficient in foods which can be produced at home, but this key indicator has declined steadily over the past 20 years, from 87%. The report says the biggest long-term challenge to food production systems is the impact of extreme weather events resulting from climate change. The Committee supports the idea of 'sustainable intensification' - producing more food with fewer resources - and calls on Defra to stem decline in UK self-sufficiency and deliver more resilience in the UK food system. It notes that for key cereal crops, for example wheat, yield levels have not increased for over 15 years. Other recommendations include: supermarkets to shorten supply chains to reduce threats of disruption; UK farmers to extend seasonal production of fresh fruit and vegetables in coordination with the Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board, and local and central Government; Government to reduce dependence on imported soybean for animal feed, as increased demand for protein from emerging economies threatens current supply lines; and Government to produce a detailed emissions reduction plan for the UK agricultural sector. The Committee welcomes the Government's new £160 million AgriTech Strategy to translate technological ideas into farm practice but warns that current funding levels are insufficient. The Government must also lead a public debate to counter food safety fears among consumers about GM foods and ensure a more evidence-based approach to EU licensing of GM crops. New farmers are needed in the sector, to ensure that farming has a future in the UK.
The current system of prices, production and import quotas for the EU sugar market, which has remained largely unchanged since its inception in 1968, is due to expire in June 2006. It has attracted criticism for its anomalous structure, especially given the reforms to other aspects of the CAP in 2003, and the fact that some elements have been declared illegal by the WTO has added to the pressure for change. This report sets out the Government's response to the Committee's report (HCP 585-I, session 2005-06; ISBN 0215026241) published in November 2005, which considered the recent proposals by the European Commission to reform the regime, in the context of the wider Doha round of trade negotiations.
The Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) was created in June 2001, by the merger of a number of government departments. It co-ordinates and implements policies relating to sustainable development, food and farming, air, water, land and rural communities. This is the annual report of the Select Committee set up to oversee the work of DEFRA and its associated bodies during the 2002. The report notes that the Committee's ability to carry out financial oversight of DEFRA was undermined by the way in which financial data was set out in the Department's 2002 annual report (Cm. 5422, ISBN 0101542224). It recommends that future annual reports should include an analysis of DEFRA's performance against each of its Public Service Agreement (PSA) targets.
The outbreak of foot and mouth disease during 2001 was the first major outbreak in the UK since 1967, and this has had a devastating impact on many parts of the country. A number of investigations, including Government-commissioned inquiries, have been launched to examine the outbreak and how it was dealt with, and to identify lessons to be learned for the future. This report contains the evidence taken from a number of Ministers and Government officials on the matter, which the Committee wishes to place in the public domain and therefore make available to the inquiries. The Committee's report highlights the key issues raised by this evidence which the inquiries will need to address, relating to the origin of the outbreak, the spread of the disease, the policy and practice of culling, and the issue of vaccination. The Committee finds that there are strong arguments in favour of holding a full public inquiry, in order that those who have been affected by the outbreak can see their concerns are being properly investigated. The Government-commissioned inquiries must be conducted in a transparent manner; and the Committee states its intention to monitor the progress of the inquiries and to examine any inquiry reports to ensure that the key issues are addressed.
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