Published as part of the managing radioactive waste safely (MRWS) programme, this white paper sets out the UK Government's framework for managing higher activity radioactive waste in the long-term through geological disposal, coupled with safe and secure interim storage and ongoing research and development to support its optimised implementation. It also invites communities to express an interest in opening up, without commitment, discussions with Government on the possibility of hosting a geological disposal facility at some point in the future. In June 2007 the Government published a MRWS consultation document in conjunction with the devolved administrations for Wales and Northern Ireland. Responses to this consultation have been taken into consideration in the development of this white paper. The paper sets out the framework for the future implementation of geological disposal that includes: the approach to compiling and updating the UK Radioactive Waste Inventory (UKRWI) and using it as a basis for discussion with potential host communities; the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority's technical approach for developing a geological disposal facility, including the use of a staged implementation approach and ongoing research and development to support delivery. The white paper covers the amount of waste for disposal; preparation and planning for geological disposal; protecting people and the environment: regulation, planning and independent scrutiny; site selection using a voluntarism and partnership approach; the site assessment process; timing and next steps.
The Government has a target that, by 2020, 15 per cent of the UK's energy will come from renewable sources and forecasts, to 2020, that investment of around GBP8 billion will be needed to connect the offshore sites to the onshore grid. This report examines the new model for using competition to license the transmission of electricity from offshore wind farms to the onshore network. The licensing model has already delivered benefits and has the potential to deliver more. There were good levels of interest in the first four licences, with competition holding down prices in these deals which were for assets worth a total of GBP254 million. In establishing this new market, however, the Authority guaranteed the licensees a 20-year inflation-proof income. This may help to attract interest from long-term investors but it also protects licensees and generators of offshore electricity from reductions in usage of the transmission assets and leaves consumers with long-term inflation risk. In addition, transaction costs have been high and the extent of savings from the new arrangements is not clear cut.Further work is also needed to establish robust benchmarks to ensure the amounts paid for transmission construction costs are not excessive. For the initial four competitions, costs of debt were 2.1 per cent to 2.2 per cent above the relevant rates offered by 15-year UK gilt yields which represents a competitive deal. But the NAO highlights the scope for improving financing costs and notes that there is no provision for claw-back in the event of refinancing gains.
This White Paper sets out the Government's detailed proposals for the reform of the planning system, in light of the recommendations made by the Barker Review of Land Use Planning (2006, ISBN 9780118404853) and the Eddington Transport Study (2006, ISBN 9780118404877). These proposals are designed to ensure the planning system can meet a number of challenges including: climate change, supporting sustainable economic development, increasing the supply of housing, protecting and enhancing the environment and natural resources, improving local and national infrastructure and maintaining security of energy supply. For the first time, the reforms cover all development consent regimes, including those for major energy, water, transport and waste development, as well as the town and country planning system. The proposals are based on five core principles: i) responsiveness and integration of economic, social and environmental objectives to deliver sustainable development; ii) a planning system which is streamlined efficient and predictable; iii) full and fair opportunities for public consultation and community engagement; iv) transparency and accountability; and v) planning decisions taken at the right level of government, whether national, regional or local.
This annual report details the work and expenditure of the Department for International Development (DFID) during the period April 2006 to March 2007, working as part of the wider international effort to tackle world poverty and promote the sustainable development of low-income countries. The report includes chapters on: reducing poverty in Africa and Asia and progress towards the Millennium Development Goals; making the multilateral system and bilateral aid more effective; fragile states, conflicts and crises; environment, climate change and natural resources; and working with others on policies beyond aid. The assessment of progress is structured around the DFID Public Service Agreement (PSA) targets.
This Command Paper sets out the Government's strategy for sustainable development, taking into account the national and international developments that have occurred since its previous policy statement ('A better quality of life: a strategy for sustainable development in the United Kingdom', Cm 4345; ISBN 0101434529) published in May 1999, including devolution in Scotland and Wales and the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development. The strategy is based on four agreed priorities of sustainable consumption and production, climate change, natural resource protection, and sustainable communities with a focus on tackling environmental inequalities; and uses a new indicator set with commitments to look at new indicators such as on well-being. Proposals include: the establishment of a new Community Action 2020 programme; and strengthening the role of the Sustainable Development Commission to ensure an independent review of government progress, with all central government departments and executive agencies to produce sustainable development actions plans by December 2005.
This report examines the impact shale gas drilling in the UK could have on water supplies, energy security and greenhouse gas emissions. The inquiry found no evidence that the hydraulic fracturing process involved in shale gas extraction - known as 'fracking' - poses a direct risk to underground water aquifers provided the drilling well is constructed properly. The MPs, nevertheless, urge the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) to monitor drilling activity extremely closely in its early stages in order to assess its impact on air and water quality. Shale gas extraction could reduce the UK's dependence on imported gas, but it is unlikely to have a dramatic effect on domestic gas prices. The UK's onshore and, particularly, offshore shale gas resources could be substantial and the development of the offshore shale gas industry in the UK should be encouraged. Greenhouse gas emissions from gas are lower than from coal, but are still much higher than many low-carbon technologies. The presence of methane in shale gas, a greenhouse gas far more potent than carbon dioxide, has raised concerns. However, methane would only be released through leaks from the well or pipelines and the MPs are confident that this can be easily minimised through regulation and enforcement. Shale gas could reduce carbon dioxide emissions globally by encouraging a switch from coal to gas for electricity generation, but it will not be sufficient to meet long term emissions reductions targets and avoid the worst effects of global climate disruption.
This White Paper sets out the Government's proposals for a Marine Bill designed to establish a new UK-wide strategic system of marine planning to balance conservation, energy and resource needs, based on the principle of sustainable development and working with the devolved administrations. Key provisions of the proposed Bill will be: the creation of a new Marine Management Organisation (MMO) to provide a holistic approach to marine policy covering planning, licensing and enforcement issues; a more streamlined, transparent and efficient marine licensing system; new mechanisms to supplement existing tools for the conservation of marine ecosystems and biodiversity, including marine conservation zones for important species and habitats that cannot be protected under European law; and reform of the management of inshore fisheries and recreational sea angling, including stronger enforcement powers and the recovery of costs of fishing vessel licence administration.
The UK has the potential to be world leader in innovation. The strength of UK universities and the wider knowledge base is a national asset being the most productive in the G8. But the challenges are great. To succeed in the global innovation economy, the UK must strengthen its ability to accelerate the commercialization of emerging technologies, and to capture the value chains linked to these. We have already made clear our commitment by maintaining the annual £4.6 billion budget for science and research programmes, with £150 million each year support university-business interaction. The UK's universities are increasingly collaborating with each other and with external organization to develop and commercialise knowledge, last year securing over £3 billion from external sources. This paper outlines a series of measures to make it easier for individuals, businesses and the public sector to innovate alone or in partnership. As part of a package of support the Government is relaunching the popular Smart brand and will increase the funding to the Technology Strategy Board. Research Councils UK will establish a principles-based framework for the treatment and submission of multi-institutional funding bids. Also the Government will continue to look for other ways to encourage more relationships between universities and business and will work with NESTA to establish a price centre to run, design and facilitate new inducement prices. The Government has also commissioned independent groups of academics and publishers to review the availability of published research, and to develop action plans for making this freely available. It will also create an Open Data Institute to develop semantic web technologies.
It has been estimated that if every country consumed natural resources at the rate of the UK, we would need three planets to live on. Given this scenario, reducing waste is a key aspect of sustainable development, breaking the link between economic growth and waste growth. This White Paper sets out the Government's policy for waste management in England, building on the progress made since the Waste Strategy 2000 (Cm. 4693-I, ISBN 9780101469326 and Cm. 4693-II, ISBN 9780101469333) was published in May 2000. The main elements of the new strategy are: i) to incentivise efforts to reduce, re-use and recycle waste and recover energy from waste, including increasing the landfill tax escalator and consulting on removing the ban on introducing local household charges to promote waste reduction and recycling; ii) to reform regulation to drive the reduction of waste and diversion from landfill while reducing costs to compliant businesses and the regulator, including introducing waste protocols, consulting on the introduction of further restrictions on the landfilling of biodegradable wastes or recyclable materials, and ensuring effective action on flytipping and on illegal dumping abroad; iii) to target action on materials, products and sectors with the greatest scope for improving environmental and economic outcomes, including promoting producer responsibility through setting packaging standards to reduce excess packaging; iv) stimulate investment in collection, recycling and recovery infrastructure, and markets for recovered materials to maximise their energy value; and v) to improve national, regional and local governance, with a clearer performance and institutional framework to deliver better co-ordinated action and services on the ground, including the establishment of a Defra-led Waste Strategy Board to provide leadership within and across government.
Lord Heseltine, 'No stone unturned: in pursuit of growth' (available at http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/biscore/corporate/docs/n/12-1213-no-stone-unturned-in-pursuit-of-growth) made 89 wide-ranging recommendations to the Government, across areas of public policy that affect economic growth. Today, the Government announced it is accepting the overwhelming majority of these recommendations and setting out how the Government is addressing the priorities Lord Heseltine identified, equipping the UK to compete and thrive in the global race. At the heart of this is action to reverse excessive centralisation, freeing local areas from Whitehall control and giving businesses and local leaders the power and the funding to do what they need to achieve their potential. The Government will create a new Single Local Growth Fund from 2015 that will include the key economic levers of skills, housing and transport funding, with full details set out at the forthcoming Spending Round. It will also harness the power of competition to get the best from places, negotiating a local Growth Deal with every Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP), with the allocation of the Single Local Growth Fund reflecting the quality of their ideas and local need. This is a something-for-something deal and local areas will be challenged to put in place the right governance across local authorities, pool resources, and find match funding from the private sector. £2.6 billion has already been allocated through the Regional Growth Fund, forecast to deliver and safeguard 500,000 jobs and £13 billion of private investment
The 30th edition of this annual publication contains a wide range of transport statistics which gives a comprehensive picture of transport use in Britain. It includes data tables relating to: general and cross modal transport; aviation; energy and the environment; freight; maritime transport; public transport, including rail, tube, bus and coaches; roads network and traffic; transport accidents and casualties; motor vehicles and goods vehicles; and international comparisons.
This document contains guidance on a common framework for the discussion, development and implementation of highway infrastructure asset valuation by local highway authorities in the UK, in line with financial reporting and asset management requirements. Specific guidance is given for roads, segregated footpaths and cycle routes, and the document covers all fixed assets that form an essential part of the highway network, including earthworks and drainage, pavements and verges, fencing, lighting, street furniture, traffic management and communication assets. It sets out a step by step procedure covering asset clarification, data requirements, calculation of Gross Replacement Cost, calculation of depreciation and impairment, reporting and monitoring of asset value; and examples are given in the appendices to illustrate methodology application.
This white paper sets the Government's proposals for reform of the UK's electricity system to ensure that the UK electricity supply is secure, low-carbon and affordable. This is especially crucial as we face a number of unprecedented challenges in the coming decades including the threat to security of supply as existing plant closes; the necessity to decarbonise electricity generation; the likelihood for a rise in electricity demand and electricity prices are also expected to rise. Broadly the strategy's approach consists of four parts: long term contracts for both low-carbon energy and capacity; institutional arrangements to support this contracting approach; continued grandfathering, supporting the principle of no retrospective change to low-carbon policy incentives, within a clear and rational planning cycle; and ensuring a liquid market that allows existing energy companies and new entrants to compete on fair terms
This Interim report on digital Britain has been produced by a Steering Board for two Government departments, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. Divided into six sections, it looks specifically at the following areas: digital networks; digital content; universal connectivity and equipping everyone to benefit from digital Britain, along with an introduction and conclusion. The conclusion sets out a number of goals that the Government would like to aspire to by 2012 and before publishing a final report. Those goals include: universal participation in the broadband world; highly capable and robust networks; a world leading position in the communications and creative industries and a high quality digital delivery of essential public services. In all there are 24 recommendations within this report, and the Government has set out five key measures, which are: achievement of universal connectivity; a set of digital networks (wired and wireless); a digital economy; compelling programmes and online content; public service transactions which form part of the Government's objectives in acheiving the goals. Organisations and individuals interested in joining the discussion about digital Britain should register at digitalbritain@berr.gsi.gov.uk.
This action plan is the UK's national implementation plan for the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). It embodies a commitment to protect human rights by helping UK companies understand and manage human rights. The UNGPs are structured around three pillars: the State duty to protect human rights; the corporate responsibility to respect human rights; and access to remedy. This action plan follows that structure and outlines how the Government has responded to the UNGPs and details plans for further work.
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